Abdulrahim K.Hide C.Moore T.Hill C.2024-05-292024-05-2920142337577910.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2014.46.2.72-s2.0-84905273953https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905273953&doi=10.5614%2fj.eng.technol.sci.2014.46.2.7&partnerID=40&md5=7b9f919728d55b54e705846d29f67dcchttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/9824Indoor pedestrian navigation suffers from the unavailability of useful GNSS signals for navigation. Often a low-cost non-GNSS inertial sensor is used to navigate indoors. However, using only a low-cost inertial sensor for the system degrades its performance due to the low observability of errors affecting such low-cost sensors. Of particular concern is the heading drift error, caused primarily by the unobservability of z-axis gyro bias errors, which results in a huge positioning error when navigating for more than a few seconds. In this paper, the observability of this error is increased by proposing a method of rotating the inertial sensor on its y-axis. The results from a field trial for the proposed innovative method are presented. The method was performed by rotating the sensor mechanically-mounted on a shoe-on a single axis. The method was shown to increase the observability of z-axis gyro bias errors of a low-cost sensor. This is very significant because no other integrated measurements from other sensors are required to increase error observability. This should potentially be very useful for autonomous low-cost inertial pedestrian navigation systems that require a long period of navigation time. � 2014 Published by ITB Journal Publisher.en-USError observabilityInertialLow-costPedestrian navigationSensorArticle21122546 B2