Ezeilo U.R.Wahab R.A.Mahat N.A.2024-05-292024-05-292020960148110.1016/j.renene.2019.11.1492-s2.0-85076508444https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076508444&doi=10.1016%2fj.renene.2019.11.149&partnerID=40&md5=21ed1dd060adf790b28cba4f6f0b3b8chttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/10185Increasing energy demands call for sustainable alternative sources. Solid state fermentation (SSF) of raw oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) as the substrate to produce extracellular cellulases and xylanase by a novel Rhizopus oryzae UC2 (GenBank accession no. MF767597) was optimized. Optimum SSF conditions (30 °C, 40% moisture content, 2.0 × 108 spores/g inoculum size) yielded the maximum carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (94.68 U/g), filter paperase (FPase) (25.46 U/g), β-glucosidase (145.47 U/g) and xylanase (213.99 U/g) activities, showing a broad pH range of between 6.0 and 12.0. Proteome analysis of crude enzyme cocktail revealed three β-glucosidases, as well as one endo-β-1,4-glucanase, exoglanase and endo-β-1,4-xylanase each. Activities of the enzyme complex were maximal at an acidic pH and temperature that ranged between pH 3.0–5.0 and 50–60 °C, respectively. In situ hydrolysis of OPFL released various concentrations of sugars viz. glucose (26.74 mg/g), xylose (1.44 mg/g), fructose (50.8 mg/g) and cellobiose (58.31 mg/g). Moreover, CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase exhibited half-lives of 5.13, 1.48, 18.81, 9.23 h when incubated at 60 °C, respectively. Thus, the desirable qualities of R. oryzae UC2 seen here supported its prospective biocatalytic role for timely and safe production of digestible carbohydrates from agro-industrial biomass for the subsequent biotransformation into biofuel. © 2019 Elsevier Ltden-USCellulaseOil palm leavesOptimizationRhizopus oryzaeSSFXylanaseArticle13011312156