Ahmad Usuldin S.R.Mahmud N.Ilham Z.Khairul Ikram N.K.Ahmad R.Wan-Mohtar W.A.A.Q.I.2024-05-292024-05-2920201878818110.1016/j.bcab.2019.1014552-s2.0-85075879880https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075879880&doi=10.1016%2fj.bcab.2019.101455&partnerID=40&md5=e29d7ac975d7af7a04bcce11599c51fahttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/10302A rare Malaysian tiger milk mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus strain ABI (LRSA) was morphologically identified based on its pileus, stipe, and sclerotium. LRSA (515 bp) was sequenced and found to have 99% similar to L. rhinocerus strains CH31 and CH2. Phylogenetically, evolutionary distance (Knuc) and plasmid-matching software (ApE) for sequences of matching fungal species were used to verify that the isolate belonged to the L. rhinocerus species. The strain was cultured in a stirred-tank bioreactor and a mycelial β-glucan (G) was extracted for compound characterization. The structure of exopolysaccharide extract from mycelium of LRSA was studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). FT-IR spectroscopy showed that G exhibited a similar β-glycosidic structure to the standard (laminarin), and the presence of characteristic bands at 3277, 2919, 1638, 1545, 1400, 1078, and 896 cm−1 confirmed the similarities. 1H and 13C NMR, as well as 2D NMR: homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC) spectra, were used for structural elucidation of the β-glucan and confirmed the extracted material as (1,3)-β-D-glucan. In addition, the G compound exhibited antioxidant activities through total phenolic content (4.47 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (11.48 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.56 mg/mL) assays. These findings may facilitate the development of rare G production in a high-scale bioreactor using LRSA.en-US(1,3)-β -D-glucan2D NMRAntioxidantBioreactor fermentationLignosus rhinocerusTiger milk mushroomArticle23101455