Abdulraqeb AlhammadiWan Haslina HassanAyman A. El-SalehIbraheem ShayeaHafizal MohamadWasan Kadhim Saad2024-05-282024-05-2820232023-9-292405-959510.1016/j.icte.2022.04.013https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405959522000698?via%3Dihubhttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/6398Volume 9, Issue 2Mobile connections and applications are growing unprecedentedly with the advent and increasing popularity of wireless services worldwide, which greatly increases the demands on data traffic. This led to considering millimeter-wave bands and ultra-dense deployment as part of the key enabler solutions in fifth-generation (5G) networks. However, these solutions radically increase the number of handovers (HOs), thus increasing the rate of unnecessary HO and dropping call probabilities. In this regard, optimizing HO control parameters appropriately is the main factor that can efficiently address HO issues during user mobility. This paper proposes a fuzzy-coordinated self-optimizing HO scheme to achieve a seamless HO while users move in multi-radio access networks. The proposed scheme resolves the conflict between mobility robustness and load balancing functions by utilizing a fuzzy system considering three input parameters: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, cell load and UE speed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme manages to control the mobility optimization in terms of ping-pong HO, radio link failure and HO latency over different mobile speed scenarios. Moreover, the proposed scheme reduces the outage probability compared to other schemes from literature.en-USSelf-optimization; Handover; 5G; HetNetsArticle27628192