Nor, NMNMNorYunus, SSYunusTrlep, MMTrlepOthman, MMOthmanSuratman, AASuratmanAbdullah, SSAbdullahRamar, KKRamar2024-05-292024-05-2920140142-061510.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.035WOS:000335103500009https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897814425&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijepes.2014.01.035&partnerID=40&md5=ea5950ff10ea15d62864cace206e1e64https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142061514000489?via%3Dihubhttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/11920International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems Volume 59, July 2014, Pages 93-102This paper investigates the effects of current magnitudes, steady-stage earth resistances, R-DC, and threshold electric field, E-c on the characteristics of earthing systems under impulse conditions by using Finite Element Method (FEM). It has been reported in literature that there are three scenarios that can occur when the earthing systems are subjected under high impulse conditions as compared to its steady-state conditions, namely; (i) no difference in its resistance values between steady-state and impulse conditions, (ii) earth resistances under impulse were found to be lower than that at steady-state, and (iii) earth resistances were found to be higher under impulse than that at steady-state. It was found that the largest reduction in impulse resistance occurred for the earth resistance with the highest values for different factors; current magnitudes and Ec. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en-USEarthing systemsEarth electrodesThreshold electric fieldE-cFEMEarth resistancesArticle9310259