This research is an analytical and an evaluative study of Arabic Language teaching as a second language in Arab universities (University of Mohammed Al-Kharnis in Rabat, University of Jordan in Amman and Umm Al-Qura University in Mecca). This research is motivated by the need to create an Arabic Language as A Second Language programme for the Islamic University College of Malaysia with effective teaching and learning processes. Among the questions that have long preoccupied our minds and the minds of pedagogy and education specialists is "What is the best way and the most effective manner to build learners' skills in listening,speaking, reading and writing?". Thus, the purpose of this research is to study how Arabic is being taught in these universities and to propose a comprehensive methodology of teaching the four skills for Arabic at the Islamic University College of Malaysia. This study is a combination of library, field, analytical and developmental methodologies in research. The library research provides an understanding of teaching methodologies in general and the cuniculum employed at these Universities. The field research gathers data on the administration and supervision of programmes, the qualification of lecturers and teachers, their methodology in teaching, the curriculum, the goals of the curriculum, the teaching aids, and the learners. It includes observation and the distribution of questionnaires. An analysis of all these data reveals the following findings: First, students acquire more knowledge and competence if the lecturer is linguistically qualified and eloquent but does not do much of the talking. Second, the Eact that the lecturer or the teacher endears him or herself to the students has a very essential role to play in the success of any educational process. Third, the use of teaching aids is of paramount importance for effective learning. Thus, the use of language laboratory and technologically advanced tools such as an electronic chair which corrects the grammatical errors of the learners is desirable. Fourth, there is a need for evaluating andadjusting the curriculum in order to suite the Islamic University college of Malaysia. We have found that the curriculum is at the begging stage; therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative methods in teaching that are informed by civilizational and scientific developments. we recommend the use of the curriculum and teaching methodologies suggested in "Teaching Arabic as a Second Language", a book published by Umm al-Qura University. This will ease the process of teaching Arabic language as a second language and also learners will be able to acquire the language in a short period of time with less effort.

Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna Semantik perkataan Qurūnan dalam Al-Quran. Apakah maksud Qurūnan dalam Al-Quran? Perkataan Qurūnan merupakan istilah generasi atau umat-umat yang lain dalam Al-Quran. Perkataan Qurūnan ( ق روُنًا ) sahaja direkodkan sebanyak tiga kali dalam Al-Quran iaitu dalam Surah Al-Mukminun, Al-Furqan dan Al-Qisas. Dalam kajian ini, penulis mengumpulkan juga semua ayat yang mengandungi perkataan Qurūnan dari kata dasar yang sama iaitu ا ق ار ا ن sama ada berbentuk tunggal atau dalam bentuk jamak. Dari pelbagai makna perkataan, kemudian penulis akan menganalisis makna perkataan Qurūnan dalam setiap ayat dan kemudian makna Qurūnan itu sendiri diterangkan. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dalam Al-Quran dengan dibantu oleh korpus Al-Quran, Al-Mu’jam Al-Mufahras Li Alfaz Al-Quran dan Kamus Mu’jam Al-Waseet Edisi Keempat. Hasil carian dalam Korpus Al-Quran menunjukkan bahawa sebanyak 36 ayat berkaitan قا را نا dikenal pasti manakala hasil carian dalam Mu’jam Al-Mufahras Li Alfaz Al-Quran pula ada sebanyak 40 ayat dari kata kunci ا ق را ا ن dikumpulkan. Adapun dalam kamus Mu’jam Al-Waseet Edisi Keempat pula menafsirkan 20 makna perkataan yang berbeza. Dapatan ini merumuskan bahawa hubungan semantik sesuai digunakan sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data tekstual secara sistematik bagi mengelakkan keciciran data dan memastikan data yang dikumpul merangkumi bidang kajian.

Borrowing script happens throughout history of languages. Long before we know Latin script, Javanese has already adopted Arabic script. However, Java language deals with problematic adaptation due to distinctive sound system among those two languages, Arabic and Java. For that matter, this research aims to uncover 1) how Arabic-Java orthography represents Javanese�s consonants and vowel, and 2) how Arabic-Java orthography represents Javanese�s cluster. This research uses qualitative descriptive method. Data contain with the Javanese words which is written in Arabic script. Data are gained from eight different books which are inscribed by Arabic-Java orthography. After data are collected, the orthography method and grapheme-phoneme correspondence are used to analyze them. Grapheme-phoneme correspondence used to know how Arabic-Java orthography represents consonants and vocal phonemes. Finally, this research found that Arabic-Java orthography has 28 graphemes which are used to represent 23 consonants. Modification letters and digraph are used to represent missing sound in Arabic. Six Javanese vocals are represented with 9 graphemes. In another hand, cluster is written in two ways, first by adding Anaptyxis schwa [?] in between sonorant-sonorant or obstruent-sonorant and vowel [a] in initial cluster nasal consonant and plosive consonant.

Purpose of the study: The present study estimates the MI indicator for 19 sukuk issuing countries. The Misery Index (MI) is an economic indicator calculated by adding the unemployment rate to the inflation rate for an economy. It measures the degree of economic distress in an economy. Methodology: The MI is calculated by adding inflation to unemployment for each of the 19 sukuk issuing countries. Data are annual covering the period of 1991 until 2019. Other economic indicators are also calculated. Main findings: The assumption is that higher inflation and unemployment rate creates economic and social costs for a country. The findings suggest that inflation is a pressing issue in Kazakhstan, Turkey, Sudan, Indonesia, Pakistan, Egypt, and Iran. Conversely, unemployment is more prominent in Egypt, Senegal, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Malaysia, Jordan, and Bahrain. Based on the estimates of the misery index and other macroeconomic indicators mentioned above, some sukuk issuing countries need to boost their capital and current account positions to provide a stable environment for potential sukuk launches. Novelty of the study: The macroeconomic indicators of sukuk issuing countries are important elements in ensuring sukuk market development. To policymakers, the MI estimations imply the effectiveness of policy stance over the years and indicate areas of policy improvements in curbing either inflation or unemployment or both.

The present work is a part of list of the total twenty seven references to date palm contained in the 114 chapters of the Qur�an and their interpretations also a special focus on an ethnomedicinal importance of dates highlighted by the Qur�an which is to facilitate the childbirth. The main objective of this study is to establish how the different parts of date palm had been described by Allah and understood by the interpreters as well as the benefit of dates; to ease the labor pain. In view of the significance of this study, comprehensive and detailed data was systematically collected from the Qur�an, significant books of commentary, references written on the Islamic medicine and scientific findings. The study found that the parts of date palm which have been described by the Qur�an are: its spadix, trunk, nucleus and tree. The date palm spadix is described as soft, producing clusters of dates hanging low and near and being arranged and layered one above another. The trunk is said to be very uneven and rough; most suitable for crucifixion and to be attached to during childbirth. The dead trunks are illustrated by the features of hollow and uprooted. The date palms are featured by grown from water; resembling other types of plants, some of them come from a single stem root and some are not, produce sheathed fruit-stalks; enclosing dates and yield fruits of different taste which regarded as superior food and fruits. They are also described as good and produce fruits annually. Strong drink i.e. liquor could be also derived from dates i.e. before its prohibition. The nucleus of dates are characterized by the three small parts hidden known as al-fatil; something which is in the long slit of a date-stone, al-naqir; speck on the back of a date-stone and al-qitmir; the thin membrane over the date-stone. The use of dates before delivery; reduces the need for induction and augmentation of labour and after delivery; decreases bleeding.

Corpus (plural: corpora) or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts about a particular subject. In this present study, Qur‟anic Communication Corpus (henceforth “MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA”) refers to the qur‟anic communication constructs found in Al-Quran. Extensive study has been on developing linguistic corpus, however to date there is not any communication corpus based on Al-Quran as it prime source of reference. This will jeopardize the development of quality society in practicing communication act. Further, although some corpora (plural of corpus) have been developed, these corpora tend to overlook the element of religion and moral which is essential for the development of communication act and utilitarian. Hence this study aims to develop a Qura‟anic Communication Corpus (“MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA”) to enhance pedagogical delivery. The study has threefold objective (a) to identify the related communication corpus found in Al-Quran (b) to investigate the co-occurrence of each related Quranic communication construct found in Al- Quran (c) to propose new pedagogical delivery based on Quranic Communication Corpus (“MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA”). The studies deploy content analysis method to address the research objectives. Content analysis is a research tool used to determine the presence of certain words or concepts within texts or sets of texts. Researchers adopt the content analysis' basic methods ie conceptual analysis or relational analysis. The present study holds three significance; (1) “MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA” allows statistical analysis, checking occurrences or validating within a Communication domain/discipline (2) “MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA” will increase our knowledge about Islamic communication (3) “MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA” provides new pedagogical deliverables in enhancing communication delivery domain. It is expected that this communication corpus study benefitted the ummah/society in enhancing pedagogical deliveries. The study conclude with an outlook on some proposed pedagogical methodologies to enhance communication domain studies. This study will contribute towards the Quranic Communication Corpus (“MGG&&TfQur‟CC INNOVA”) development and knowledge pertaining to communication domain and new pedagogical deliverable in teaching and learning of communication domain.

A rapid and highly sensitive reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative estimation of omeprazole in pharmaceutical preparations. The method has been validated according to FDA and USP guidelines with respect to accuracy, precision, specificity and linearity. The method was developed by using a gradient condition of mobile phase comprising 90% aqueous acetonitrile to 100% acetonitrile for 10 minutes at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min over C-18 (ODS, 250 x 4.6 mm) column at ambient temperature. More than 97% recovery demonstrated the accuracy of the protocol. Intra-day and inter-day precision studies of the new method were less than the maximum allowable limit (RSD%� 2.0 according to FDA). The method showed linear response with correlation coefficient (r 2) value of 0.998. Therefore, it was found to be accurate, reproducible, sensitive and less time consuming and can be successfully applied for the assay of omeprazole formulations.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate how effective is the Strategic planning of the human resources management in the Ministry of Education in the sultanate of Oman.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate how effective is the Strategic planning of the human resources management in the Libyan Universities. Keywords: Effectiveness, Strategic Planning, Human resources, Libyan Universities

A decrease in international food prices in the second half of 2008 has since failed to translate into more “affordable food” for most people around the world. Hunger and food insecurity - the most serious forms of abject poverty - have now become international priorities; the World Food Summit 1996 made a solemn commitment to halve hunger in the world by 2015. This paper fills a request for a study of prophetic food with limited access to affordable and nutritious food; dates, whilst proposing the establishment of the “DatesfortheworldInstitute” to reduce the eradication of abject poverty and street begging.

The in vitro interactions of Famotidine (FT) and Tapentadol hydrochloride (TAP) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy under different conditions. Quenching constants were determined using the Stern-Volmer equation. Two moles FT bound with 1 mole of BSA at 298 K and 3 mole FT bound with 1 mole of BSA at 308 K in presence of TAP. BSA was used for the study as it shows approximately 76% sequence homology to human serum albumin (HSA).

Cities are nothing more than people, their activities, the spaces that people and their activities occupies, or better known as land uses, and the systems that allows them to interact, generically termed as transportation. Cities are deemed to be efficient when its components are in harmonious interaction with one another. More often than not, cities are plagued with numerous problems. Unemployment, crime, traffic congestion, squatters and overcrowding, pollution, etc are common in cities the world over. City components are not only internally disaggregated, but are often in conflict with one another. Indiscriminate utilization of land, the competition for survival and existence, results in neglect of the environment, affecting the sustainability of cities. Kuala Lumpur is no exception. In anticipation of the pressure for growth and development, the need to provide for human needs, the elimination of problems and the creation of a more livable city for its future generation, Kuala Lumpur embarked on its Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan Review 2020. The Kuala Lumpur Plan 2020 formulated 182 different policies to cover 13 different aspects of the plan, covering areas such as economic base and employment, income and quality of life, infrastructure and quality of life, commerce and industry, tourism, housing and squatters, urban design and landscapes, environment, etc. Playing the role of a premier city of the nation, Kuala Lumpur believes that it must contribute strongly to the attainment of the ideal embodied within the country�s Vision 2020. Kuala Lumpur set to become a world class city by 2020 in the areas of Living Environment, Working Environment, Business Environment and City Governance. This paper presents the findings and recommendations of the Kuala Lumpur Plan to secure the short term and the long term growth and sustainable development of Kuala Lumpur. It will summarize the issues and policies of different sectors. Particular attention will be given to the issue of integration of the key components of the plan, particularly, housing, commerce and industry and, traffic and transportation, in a bit to secure sustainability.

The awareness on cash waqf contribution and the obligation to donate is now higher among Malaysians. In fact, many Malaysians donate cash waqf repeatedly. In understanding the background of cash waqf contributors, this paper presents the socio-demographic and socioeconomic profiles of those who donate repeatedly. A survey has been distributed to 100 respondents using random sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of this article show that 51 percent respondents claim that they will donate cash waqf repeatedly. Based on the respondent’s demographic background, the prevalence of donating cash waqf repeatedly is more common among females, aged between 20 to 25 years old, single and live in urban area. Meanwhile, the socio-economic background of the respondents shows that repeated cash waqf contributors are mostly professional and management workers, degree and postgraduate degree holders, those who received formal Islamic education in university, and those who earn between RM1501-RM3000 monthly. These findings provide some insights of repeated cash waqf contributor’s profile which might be beneficial to waqf agencies in accumulating waqf contribution in Malaysia.

Dalam pengajaran Bahasa Arab terdapat pelbagai kaedah yang diguna pakai bagi mencapai objektif yang dikehendaki. Setiap satu kaedah mempunyai kelebihan dan kelemahannya sendiri.Fokus utama buku ini lebih kepada dua kaedah pengajaran iaitu kaedah nahu terjemahan yang mewakili kaedah tradisional dan kaedah dengan tutur yang mewakili kaedah baru.

This research aims to identify ortografical errors in directed essay written by the bachelor of Arabic and Communication students (SMBaK), Faculty of Major Language Studies USIM. The samples consist of 33 male and female students. They are requested to write an essay. From the essay, the reasearchers find their errors and analyze the frequencies. Besides that the errors has been listed out as examples in this research. It is hoped that the research also helping them by giving some suggestions to solve the errors problem. It will be a reference to the teachers in essay writing. Besides that, this research uses the error analysis methodology adapted from Aly Ahmed Madkour (2006). At the end of the research, it is concluded that the usage of Hamzah Wasl dan Qath’ is the highest errors in the frequent list. Thus, teachers should play an important role to make sure that the students undertand this grammatical rule. This is important to avoid the errors repeat every time when they write an essay.

This subject of the research is language problems faced by Islamic Studies students at two Malaysian universities, KUlM and UIAM. The research aims to identify and analyze the most common mistakes made by KUIM and UIAM Islam~c S~udies students in written Arabic. The research consists of two parts. The first part delves into the theories that explain how and why students make mistakes when writing in Arabic. The second part of the research consists of data analysis. A sample of a group of students' final year examinations is used to analyze and identify the most common mistakes in the writing of Arabic. The research indicates that the most common mistakes in written Arabic include the following: the misuse of the symbol Irab Usul and Furuk, the usage of AIi Lam Takrlf; penyelarasan kategori jantina, the use of the letter jar, and the use of pronouns, Aid after Isim Mausul. The research also revealed that the students' background contributes to the occurrence of common mistakes in examinations. The research suggests that the curriculum and syllabus for the teaching of Arabic need to be improved. Specific suggestions for improving the students' mastery of Arabic are also provided in this research.

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan satu kajian yang dijalankan terhadap 300 orang pelajar Pusat Matrikulasi UIAM berhubung keberkesanan tiga kaedah pengajaran Bahasa Arab terhadap pelajar Melayu. Reka bentuk kajian yang digunakan ialah kajian eksperimen kuasi iaitu kajian uji kaji yang mengawal beberapa pemboleh ubah tertentu untuk mengenal pasti kesan ketiga-tiga kaedah pengajaran bahasa Arab sahaja. Temu bual juga dijalankan terhadap 10 orang pensyarah yang mengajar bahasa Arab di Pusat Matrikulasi UIAM untuk mengetahui langkah-langkah bagi dua kaedah pengajaran yang wujud di pusat ini, iaitu kaedah A dan kaedah B. Kaedah C yang dibina berasaskan gabungan kedua-dua kaedah A dan B turut digunakan dalam kajian ini. Tujuan utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti kaedah pengajaran bahasa Arab yang paling berkesan antara tiga kaedah pengajaran yang digunakan kepada pelajar Melayu. Penganalisisan data kuantititatif dibuat menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Scienceses (SPSS) dengan menganalisis min pencapaian bagi keempat-empat kemahiran (mendengar, bertutur, membaca dan menulis) mengikut kaedah pengajaran dan peringkat kebolehan pelajar. Penganalisisan dibuat dengan menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) dan ujian Tukey. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kaedah Eklektik Sistematik adalah kaedah yang paling berkesan terhadap keempat-empat kemahiran pada kedua-dua peringkat; permulaan dan pertengahan dalam pengajaran Bahasa Arab terhadap pelajar Melayu di Pusat Matrikulasi UIAM. Kata kunci: Kaedah pengajaran, Taqlidah, Al-Sam’iyat, ekletik

The study aimed to identify school principals' level of practicing educational leadership in the Sultanate of Oman. It also aimed to analyses differences in this level depending on the gender and the educational governorate. To achieve the purposes of the study and answer its questions, a descriptive approach was used, in addition to the Scale of the Educational Leadership Ability of Mohamed Mounir Morsi. This scale aims to measure the educational leadership ability with its main components that are confirmed by educational administration learners and researchers, namely: (objectivity, use of authority, flexibility, understanding others, and knowledge of principles of communication). The sample of the study consisted of (336) principals (male and female) from the various governorates of the Sultanate. And the research arrived at the following results: the level of school principal's educational leadership practice in the Sultanate of Oman is average as the arithmetical average of school principals' responses for their educational leadership practice level is 0.6. Regarding the level of school principals' practice of educational leadership dimensions, the level of their capabilities in understanding others and educational leadership objectivity id high. As for the level of school principals using the dimensions of the use of authority, knowledge of communication principles and flexibility came at an intermediate level. The results also showed that there are no substantial differences in the level of school principals employing educational leadership dimensions representing in using power, flexibility and understanding others depending on the gender. The results pointed out that there are no statistical differences between all the educational leadership dimensions, depending on the educational governorate except the use of authority who's its results were in favor of school principals in Al Buraimi educational governorate. Based on the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented to improve the level of school principals' practice of educational leadership in the Sultanate of Oman. One of the major recommendations is caring about school principals' educational leadership skills training in particular the skills in which the results showed that the level of school principals' practice is average. These skills are using power, flexibility and knowing communication principles.