Wilkie investment model is a stochastic investment model that was built by Wilkie in 1984 and wasupdated in 1995. The model building objective is forecasting. Box-Jenkins method was the basicstructure of Wilkie model. It involves various type of forecasting model. Some model handle station-ary time series such as autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model while some of them handlenon-stationary time series such as autoregressiveintegrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Thereare four sub-models in the Wilkie model which is retail price index model, share dividend yieldmodel, share dividend index model and Consols yield model. In this paper, the Wilkie share pricemodel [4] was apply to Malaysia data in analysing and forecasting FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI shareprice index for 36 month ahead from November 2015 to October 2018. Monthly historical data fromJanuary 1996 to October 2015 are use as the base. We use ARIMA model to forecast the shareprice index in Malaysia. ARIMA(0,1,2) model was chosen as the best fit forecasting model. Throughforecasting, we are able to evaluate the performance of the share price index in Malaysia. Keywords:Box Jenkins Model, Forecasting, Share Prices, Wilkie Investment Model.

The funeral expense is becoming expensive. It will lead to funeral poverty whereby the next of kin of the deceased face difficulty paying funeral expenses. Increasing numbers of people seek financial management advice following bereavement, which can have a long-term effect on the grief experience and an individual's ability to manage. More should be done to encourage people on low incomes to prepare for death through simple advice and guidance. In Malaysia, a funeral social fund such as the Khairat death fund, in general, is financial assistance that is a grant to the family of the deceased for covering the cost and expenses of funeral processes. Khairat death fund was managed by community members or organizations in the areas. However, all this Khairat death organization moving with their own way as there is no legal jurisprudence as guidance to regulate and to be more systematic and synchronize management. Hence, this study will review regulation and governance for the funeral social fund in Malaysia.

Previous numerical methods for solving definite integrals based on Haar wavelets was introduced. In this research we extend the previous works by approximate the solution of improper integral based on Haar wavelets functions. Error analysis of the approximation by Haar wavelets are given. Numerical examples are conducted to show the accuracy of the method.

The current study provides a numerical method that is derived in a backward difference formulation for ordinary differential equations. The proposed method employs a constant step size algorithm of order 12. The backward difference formulation serves as a competitive algorithm for solving ordinary differential equations. In the current study, the backward difference method is used to analyze the dynamics of capital stocks in terms of depreciation rate for the capital–labor ratio. Results provided in this study will validate the accuracy of the backward difference algorithm hence proving it as a viable alternative for analyzing economic problems in the form of ordinary differential equations.

This study examines financial literacy and its association with financial anxiety among the Malaysian population during the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, it evaluates the public’s understanding of the government’s financial relief initiatives, such as the Moratorium and EPF withdrawal schemes (i-Sinar, i-Lestari, and i-Citra). Using a survey of 372 respondents, the research measures financial literacy and anxiety levels through a Likert-scale questionnaire incorporating the Financial Anxiety Scale (FAS). Results indicate that only 9% of respondents demonstrated high financial literacy concerning these relief schemes, with factors like age and education significantly influencing literacy levels. The study also reveals a positive correlation between financial literacy and financial anxiety. These findings underscore the need for improved financial education to mitigate financial stress, particularly in crisis situations like the pandemic.

Preparing for emergency fund becoming the one of the agenda that, encouraged by financial planners. The preparation of emergency fund could be found in line with the six major areas covers personal financial planning. Despite no specific definition for the emergency fund, previous studies have failed to address the main financial behaviours that contribute to emergency fund formation behaviour. This paper therefore proposed the conceptual model to address this issue.

In this work, generalize solution based on linear Legendre multi-wavelets are proposed for single, double and triple integrals with variable limits. To obtain the numerical approximations for integrals, an algorithm with the properties of linear Legendre multi-wavelets are applied. The main benefits of this method are its simple applicable and efficient. Furthermore, the error analysis for single, double and triple integrals is worked out to show the efficiency of the method. Numerical examples for the integrals are conducted by using linear Legendre multi-wavelets in order to validate the error estimation.

In reaction to economic uncertainty, there has been a rise in financial anxiety, which is defined as the psychological distress brought on by financial circumstances. The current study looks into how financial literacy—which encompasses financial behaviour, impulsivity, vulnerability, and knowledge—affects financial anxiety among Malaysians. The data gathered from 389 individuals served as the basis for the analysis. The findings show that the most important predictor of financial anxiety is financial vulnerability, most especially the inability to pay monthly obligations. A major contributing factor to reckless spending is the heightened anxiety that accompanies rash financial decisions. On the other hand, forming sound financial practices, such making on-time bill payments and keeping a careful eye on funds, significantly reduces financial stress. The study shows that misunderstandings of financial concepts exacerbate anxiety, underscoring the necessity for proper financial education. Demographic factors including age, gender, and marital status have an impact on financial anxiety. In particular, stress tends to be somewhat higher in younger people, women, and unmarried people. These findings emphasise the need for tailored financial literacy programs that address behaviour and knowledge gaps, promote financial self-control, and provide specific help to excluded groups. The study underscores the critical role that financial literacy plays in mitigating financial anxiety and improving overall financial well-being. It contends that in order to effectively address these challenges, future interventions should prioritise the use of behavioural change strategies and practical financial education.

We study the comprehensive, simultaneous interrelationships between countries, economic sectors (i.e., primary, secondary, andtertiary sector), capital structure and firm financial performance, especially involving the mediation effects in different sectors. We find that some determinants of capital structure do not only directly enhance firm financial performance. Firm financial performance is also influenced by how capital structure from the product category in the economic sectors have been financed. We find a significant relationship between capital structure and firm financial performance in the secondary and tertiary sectors but not for the primary sector. We find that the secondary sector tends to use internal financing while the tertiary sector tends to use external financing to enhance firm financial performance. Our results also reveal that the effect of capital structure on firm financial performance tends to be mediated by firm-and country-specific attributes, as well as by the sector in which they operate. A closer examination of the data showed that in the economic sectors, we find robust results that there are not just positive direct and indirect effects, but also negative direct and indirect effects. It should be well understood by financial managers that secondary and tertiary sectors plays an important role in the mediation effect. The contribution of this study is to help the firm manager to make a good decision on the proportions of their capital structure

In the previous research, a direct computational method based on linear Legendre multi-wavelets has been applied for solving definite integrals. However, the error analysis to show the convergence of the method has not been discussed. Therefore, error analysis of the approximation method is established in the Holder classes Hs[0, 1] to show the efficiency of the method. The connections of the module of difference smoothness of the function is also established. Finally, some numerical examples of the implementation the method for the functions from Holder classes are presented.

The current study proposes a numerical method which solves nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integral of the second kind using a combination of a Newton–Kantorovich and Haar wavelet. Error analysis for the Holder classes was established to ensure convergence of the Haar wavelets. Numerical examples will illustrate the accuracy and simplicity of Newton–Kantorovich and Haar wavelets. Numerical results of the current method were then compared with previous well-established methods.

The security of LUC type cryptosystems was investigated. In this study, chosen message attack was employed to analyze the security of LUC, LUC3 and LUC4,6 cryptosystems. The cryptanalyst invades the system by obtaining a signature without the sender’s consent, and use it to break the system. Finding shows that LUC4,6 cryptosystem is more resilient against chosen message attack compare with LUC and LUC3 cryptosystems.

In this work we investigate the localization principle of the Fourier-Laplace series of the distribution. Here we prove the suffcient conditions of the localization of the Riesz means of the spectral expansions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere.

In this paper we deal with the problems of the weak localization of the eigenfunction expansions related to Laplace-Beltrami operator on unit sphere. The conditions for weak localization of Fourier-Laplace series are investigated by comparing the Riesz and Cesaro methods of summation for eigenfunction expansions of the Laplace- Beltrami operator. It is shown that the weak localization principle for the integrable functions f (x) at the point x depends not only on behavior of the function around x but on the behavior of the function around diametrically opposite point x.

Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem based on second order Lucas sequenceis a cryptosystem using elliptic curves over finite fields as a mask and incorporate with second order of Lucas sequence. The security of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography cryptosystem depends on the discrete logarithms. In this cryptosystem, Lucas sequence is employed to compute the ciphertext or recover the plaintext. The Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem based on second order Lucas sequence is vulnerable when the bit of the decryption key, $d$ flips by using fault based attack.

LUC-type cryptosystems are asymmetric key cryptosystems based on the Lucas sequence that is extended from RSA. The security challenge is comparable to RSA, which is based on the intractability of factoring a large number. This paper analysed the security of LUC, LUC3, and LUC4,6 cryptosystems using a common modulus attack.For a common modulus attack to be successful, a message must be transmitted to two distinct receivers with the same modulus. The strengths and limitations of the LUC, LUC3, and LUC4,6 cryptosystems when subjected to a common modulus attack were discussed as well. The results reveal that the LUC4,6 cryptosystem provides greater security than the LUC and LUC3.

In this article a variable order variable step size technique in backwards difference form is used to solve nonlinear Riccati differential equations directly. The method proposed requires calculating the integration coefficients only once at the beginning, in contrast to current divided difference methods which calculate integration coefficients at every step change. Numerical results will show that the variable order variable step size technique reduces computational cost in terms of total steps without effecting accuracy.

This research proposes a three-point block method for solving Duffing type higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which is also commonly referred as the Duffing oscillator. The research conducted implements a variable order step size technique for approximating the exact solution for the Duffing Oscillator. The proposed algorithm will be tested against various Duffing oscillators and numerical approximation will be compared with current viable methods. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method will be illustrated in the numerical results.

The current numerical techniques for solving a system of higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) directly calculate the integration coefficients at every step. Here, we propose a method to solve higher order ODEs directly by calculating the integration coefficients only once at the beginning of the integration and if required once more at the end.The formulae will be derived in terms of backward difference in a constant step size formulation.The method developed will be validated by solving some higher order ODEs directly using variable order step size. To simplify the evaluations of the integration coefficients, we find the relationship between various orders.The results presented confirmed our hypothesis.

We describe the development of a 2-point block backward difference method (2PBBD) for solving system of nonstiff higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) directly. The method computes the approximate solutions at two points simultaneously within an equidistant block. The integration coefficients that are used in the method are obtained only once at the start of the integration. Numerical results are presented to compare the performances of the method developed with 1-point backward difference method (1PBD) and 2-point block divided difference method (2PBDD). The result indicated that, for finer step sizes, this method performs better than the other two methods, that is, 1PBD and 2PBDD.