The African continent has suffered and still sufferingof poverty, ignorance and disease from long decades and centuries, and that relief institutions in general, and Arab ones in particular are considered one of the most important matters and reasons that reduce this suffering and deprivation, and from theseinstitutions and large associations is the Social Reform Association in Kuwait, and it is a followedmodelin the field of development efforts to serve African societies and others, and the research problem lies in exploring the role that Arab relief institutions played in resisting poverty, and contributing to the development of poor African societies, as we apply this to a specific experience which is the experience of the Social Reform Association in the Djibouti country in eastern Africa, specifically in The Horn of Africa. The research aims to introduce Arab relief institutions, especially those workers in Africa, and to identify one of the distinguished development experiences and present them as a role model for integrated development projects. The research pursued an analytical and descriptive approach, as it depends on collecting data from its prohibitions in the form of initial reports issued by those institutions and the regulatory authorities, then we analyze all of this to put an integrated image on the issue the subject of the study. The research concluded that the Arab relief institutions, even if they are relatively newly established, are playing very important roles in terms of supporting development efforts in Africa, and they have helped a lot tofacing these problems and overcoming them, including the Kuwaiti Social Reform Association, which took over the undertaking of relief and development work on The international level in the various countries of the Islamic world, and we have found that it has already been able to provide a leading, integrated development work in its social, educational and health dimensions.

This study aims to investigate the effect of organizational climate on organizational commitment in Gaza Electricity Distribution Corporation (GEDCO). A questionnaire was employed as the study tool, and a descriptive analytical technique was used to meet the study's objectives. (269) questionnaires were distributed, but (221) returned with a response rate of 82.16%. Also (SPSS) was used for data analysis by using various statistical methods. To analyze the structural equation model and look at the study hypotheses, analysis of a moment structures program (AMOS) tool was utilized. This study mainly contributes in enhancing the literature of the concept of organizational commitment, improving the methods of the study in the human resource area, and in finding out the effect of the research factors on organizational commitment.The results showed that there is a direct, weak, positive, effect of the organizational climate on organizational commitment (27.8%). The organizational structure (OS) dimension has the most impact on organizational commitment (74.4%), the next dimension was decision making (DM) equals (69.7%), while the dimensions (available technology (AT) was the least influential on organizational commitment (44.5%). The study recommends for providing employees with a proper awareness concerning organizational climate dimensions and how it may affect their organizational commitment.

Nowadays, higher education is becoming increasingly globalized and internationalized. Malaysia today aspires to be a regional hub of higher education where internationalization is believed to be the best empowerment approach to throw the country’s higher education to world class. This research paper aimed to study the various factors influence international student’s intention on progressing their higher education in Malaysia. The total response collected is 200 international students in Malaysia from different level of education with various nationalities. the method of sampling techniques in this research will the non-probability sampling in the form of convenience sampling technique. Technique of regression analysis and Pearson Correlation in SPSS is used to identify the impact and to test the hypothesis. The findings are beneficial to the policy maker whereby the results could become inputs for them in formulating related policies.

At the beginning of the year 2020, massive fast spread Coronavirus or (COVID-19) pandemic caused a serious impact on the education system worldwide. This chapter aims to explore the students' attitude to use social media as a learning tool during COVID-19 pandemic based on the view of the Health Belief Model (HBM). A total of 504 students in Malaysian universities were involved in this study. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-PM) has been employed to analyse the data collected in this study. The results indicated that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived (health) motivation, perceived benefits and self-efficacy were significant in predicting the students’ attitude to use social media as a learning tool during COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study has been contributed to the existing literature by validating HBM in the Malaysian context and provide theoretical contributions and practical implications to the theory, and practice.

Driving heavy vehicles with dangerous cargo involves various work environments that can significantly impact road safety. This research aims to study the impact of oil and gas tanker drivers’ work environment on driving performance to identify and address any issues that may affect their ability to carry out their jobs effectively. To achieve this, a quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire survey adapted from the literature review. The data collected from a sample of drivers of oil- and gas-heavy vehicles were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The study’s findings reveal a significant association between the drivers’ work environment and driving performance, represented by a path coefficient of β = 0.237. These results highlight the substantial contribution of the work environment to driving performance, with an effect of 63%. Consequently, the study emphasizes the importance of considering the work environment as a potential factor when assessing and enhancing tanker drivers’ driving abilities during oil and gas transportation.

Organizational citizenship behaviour is essential in maintaining the pursuit of public universities in offering a quality of education. High sense of organizational citizenship behaviour among employees enables an organization to manage its resources efficiently. This conceptual article will add to the knowledge of the literature by investigating the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions. The expected findings will provide a guideline for both policy makers and universities management. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. KEYWORDS: Psychological Empowerment, Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Higher Education, Malaysia

While there is burgeoning interest in the influence of human resource management (HRM) on sustainability organizational outcomes (SOO), the intricate interplay with Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) has not yet been explored, particularly in manufacturing firms’ contexts. Therefore, this study aims to probe the symbiotic relationship between HRM practices, OHS, and SOO, spotlighting manufacturing firms. Data collection was conducted by utilizing a cross-sectional survey, convenience sampling technique, and a web-based form among the 256 respondents from an industrial company (Balexco) in Bahrain. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by Smart-PLS was used to analyze the collected data. Our analysis highlighted a significant positive relationship between HRM, SOO, and OHS. Moreover, this study highlighted the dual impact of direct and indirect HRM on SOO, mediated by OHS. These multi-layered insights reinforce the assumption that a comprehensive approach to HRM, aligning performance aspirations with employee well-being, is instrumental in improving SOO. This study is a novel contribution to the literature because, by uncovering the intricate interplay of HRM, OHS, and SOO, practical implications and limitations were provided.

The world is still suffering from theeffects ofthe COVID-19 outbreak, which has affected all aspects of life at the individual, collective, and international levels. The educational sectors at all levels of elementary and high school, as well as at university levels in all countries, were the most affected. Most countries of the world are still suffering from how students and teachers adapt to virtual education as an alternative to the traditional process. Since Yemen is still suffering from a lot of security, political, and economic turmoil, students in Yemeni universities and schools have become the most affected, not just out of fear of the virus, but also due to the weakness of internet connection in most areas. This study aims to identify the most important challenges facing the Yemeni studentsand to identify the most important effects that this exceptional and difficult situation may cause. The study will follow the inductive approach by tracking and narrating the effects and difficulties facing students, teachers, and academics in Yemen. The result ofthe current study sheds light on the most important challenges and presents some suggestions and solutions to address this problem, which may help those in decision-making power to take actionand find solutions to such challengesose in decision-making power to take action and solutions to such challenges.

This study aimed at investigating the views of Human Resources Department in Ministry of Municapility and Environment in State of Qatar with regards to their motivation, their organizational commitment, and their job performance. This study also aimed at investigating the relationships between these variables. This study used a quanitative research design. An online questionnaire was designed and the link was sent to 100 HRM employees out of 200 (the total number of HR department employees). The collected data was keyed in SPSS and analyzed. The results showed that that financial Rewards is the most important dimension of Motivation (mean 3.132) , after which in importance came financial Compensations (mean3.07) then Motivation (mean2.968). With regards to organizational commitment, the most important dimension to the employees was normative commitment (meana 3.736) while the most important dimension of job performance was task achievement (mean 4.08) followed by task achievement quality (mean 4.07). The correlation analysis showed that there is a correlation between the different dimensions of the study at both 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels. The regression analysis showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between promotions ,compensations and financial promotions and task achievement. There was also a significant relationship between fianancial promotions, compensations and task achievement speed. The results also showed that motivation and financial rewards are positively correlated with normative commitment. It is worth mentioning that this study is part of a more comprehensive study investigating the impact of motivation and organizational commitment on the job performance of the employees of Ministry of Municipality and Environment in State of Qatar, which has 14 thousand employees

This study aimed to shed light on the repercussions of the signing of the Abraham Agreement between the United Arab Emirates and the Israeli occupation onthe course and future of the Palestinian cause. Where the study employed the descriptive analytical approach and the forward-looking approach to answering the objectives and questions of the study, which came to a central conclusion that the “Abraham Agreement” is the greatest danger to the Palestinian cause in light of the state of free normalization, which is in the interest of the “Israeli” strategic goals beyond the Palestinian cause, It seeks to build a network of relations with Arab countries withoutlinking them to settlement efforts and the rights of the Palestinian people. Therefore, the Abraham agreement is considered a turning point in the Arab position towards the Palestinian issue, encouraging other Arab countries to normalize relations with Israel.