Ijtihad kolektif merupakan suatu usaha bersepadu yang menggabungkan kepakaran pelbagai bidang dalam merungkai permasalah fiqh yang timbul. Antara permasalah fiqh yang memerlukan aplikasi ijtihad kolektif adalah isu perubatan kontemporari. Hal ini kerana, isu perubatan merupakan suatu isu kompleks yang memerlukan para sarjana hukum Islam memahami dahulu gambaran isu perubatan tersebut sebelum memutuskan sebarang hukum. Justeru, artikel ini akan membincangkan konsep ijtihad kolektif dan aplikasinya dalam isu perubatan kontemporari dengan menjadikan resolusi Akademi Fiqh Islam Antarabangsa (Internasional Islamic Fiqh Academy – IIFA) sebagai kajian kes. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualititatif dengan menggabungkan analisis dokumen dan kajian kes. Hasil kajian menunjukkan IIFA telah memutuskan 29 resolusi perubatan daripada sejumlah 216 resolusi sepanjang 22 siri persidangan bermula tahun 1984 hingga 2015. Kajian kes ke atas 9 resolusi yang diputuskan pada tahun 1985 hingga 1990 menunjukkan semua resolusi diputuskan selepas melalui sesi perbincangan antara pakar rujuk hukum Islam dengan bantuan doktor pakar dalam bidang perubatan dan menepati konsep ijtihad kolektif.

The Islamic Banking industry has observed many disputes regarding the legality of the sharī῾ah status of different products due to the contradictions in different schools of thought. That created the need to standardize and harmonize the industry's sharī῾ah practices. The Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) has done tremendous work in standardizing and harmonizing different opinions of different schools. It designs products according to the needs and practices of the industry in a sharī῾ah-compliant way. Its sharī῾ah standards are developed through a rigorous and professional process. They are widely accepted globally in the Islamic banking industry. The development of the sharī῾ah standards is based on the application of the collective ijtihād approach. This collective ijtihād approach is not limited to a specific school of thought. Instead, it has benefited from all the schools and harmonized them, making it a unique collective ijtihād approach. Hence, to find AAOIFI’s collective ijtihād approach, the study objective is to extract the juristic methodology of AAOIFI sharī῾ah standards. The method used for the analysis is qualitative content analysis. A sample of six standards from the 57 standards is selected based on purposive sampling. The coding is done on these six sample standards to deduce the embedded themes and categories related to the juristic methodology applied by AAOIFI. The findings were further verified by interviewing five experts. Therefore, the data analysis through coding and validation through experts’ opinions, the study found that AAOIFI’s juristic methodology is lenient, flexible, maintains equilibrium, avoids injustice and is not confined to a specific school of thought. Further study is recommended to analyse the criteria on which AAOIFI prefers one opinion over others among the schools. The study's results are expected to enhance the adoption of the AAOIFI’s collective ijtihād approach, globally, which will improve the standardization of the fatwa’ practices in the Islamic banking industry.