Abstrak: Farmers-herders conflicts pose significant challenges to socioeconomic development in Nigeria, particularly in Kwara State. This study aims to provide a broad appraisal of the effects of farmers-herders conflicts on the socioeconomic well-being of selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kwara State, Nigeria. The study uses a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach to studying farmers-herders conflicts in Kwara State, Nigeria. It focuses on understanding their impacts, exploring root causes, analysing responses and interventions, and identifying pathways towards peace and development. The study focuses on analysing the multifaceted impacts of these conflicts, including their consequences on livelihoods, food security, education, healthcare, and overall community well-being. Drawing from a wide range of scholarly sources, this review examines the historical context, root causes, and dynamics of farmers-herders conflicts in Kwara State. It explores the complex relationship of factors such as land access, resource competition, and communal tensions that trigger these conflicts. Also, the review investigates the responses and interventions by both government and non-governmental organisations to mitigate the adverse effects of these conflicts on the affected communities. Besides, the review sheds light on the resilience and coping strategies affected communities adopt to navigate the challenges posed by farmers-herders conflicts. It highlights community-based initiatives, conflict resolution mechanisms, and grassroots efforts to restore peace and socioeconomic stability. The findings of this study underscore the urgent need for sustainable conflict resolution strategies and development initiatives that prioritise the well-being of affected communities in Kwara State. It also calls for a holistic approach involving various stakeholders to address the complex and interconnected issues arising from farmers-herders conflicts. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on conflict management, peacebuilding, and socioeconomic development in Kwara State and similar conflict-affected regions.   Abstract: Konflik peladang-penternak menimbulkan cabaran besar kepada pembangunan sosioekonomi di Nigeria, khususnya di negeri Kwara. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi penilaian menyeluruh mengenai kesan konflik peladang-penternak terhadap kesejahteraan sosioekonomi Kawasan Kerajaan Tempatan (LGA) terpilih di negeri Kwara, Nigeria. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan menyeluruh dan pelbagai dimensi untuk mengkaji konflik peladang-penternak di negeri Kwara, Nigeria. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan untuk memahami kesan mereka, meneroka punca asal, menganalisis tindak balas dan intervensi, serta mengenal pasti jalan ke arah keamanan dan pembangunan. Kajian ini juga memberi tumpuan kepada menganalisis impak pelbagai konflik ini, termasuk kesan mereka terhadap cara hidup, keselamatan makanan, pendidikan, penjagaan kesihatan, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan pelbagai sumber ilmiah, kajian ini mengkaji konteks sejarah, punca asal, dan dinamik konflik petani-pengembala di negeri Kwara. Ia meneroka hubungan kompleks faktor-faktor seperti akses tanah, pertandingan sumber, dan ketegangan komunal yang mencetuskan konflik ini. Selain itu, kajian ini turut menyelami respons dan intervensi oleh pihak kerajaan dan pertubuhan bukan kerajaan untuk meredakan kesan buruk konflik ini terhadap komuniti yang terjejas. Tambahan pula, kajian ini menerangkan strategi daya tahan dan penyesuaian yang digunakan oleh komuniti yang terjejas untuk menangani cabaran yang timbul akibat konflik peladang-penternak. Ia mengetengahkan inisiatif berasaskan komuniti, mekanisme penyelesaian konflik, dan usaha-usaha akar umbi yang bertujuan untuk mengembalikan keamanan dan kestabilan sosial-ekonomi. Dapatan kajian ini menekankan keperluan mendesak untuk strategi penyelesaian konflik yang mampan dan inisiatif pembangunan yang memberi keutamaan kepada kesejahteraan komuniti yang terjejas di negeri Kwara. Ia juga menyeru kepada pendekatan holistik yang melibatkan pihak berkepentingan pada pelbagai peringkat untuk menangani isu-isu yang rumit dan berkaitan yang timbul daripada konflik peladang-penternak. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada perbincangan berterusan mengenai pengurusan konflik, pembinaan keamanan, dan pembangunan sosial-ekonomi di negeri Kwara dan kawasan yang mengalami konflik serupa.

This study investigates the effect of training transfer to organizational performance through collaboration among academic staff. It provides a clear understanding of specific training transfer concepts and processes during their engagement in the university activities. Several issues affecting training transfer from the learning environment to impact the performance of academic staff were reported.

To attain a desired perspectives of academic staff alliance in any work setting, several factors are often considered. This paper discussed how organizational behavior affects academic staff by extensively reviewing research conducted in this aspect. Although much research has been conducted on motivation, commitment, and task distribution. However, few have made theoretical integration among academic staff. Attention was given on balancing among these factors to their connectivity on academic staff ethos. Therefore, extensive literature was reviewed to show the gap within and proposed that the factors need to be integrated. The review concluded that to achieve a balanced organizational behavior motivation, commitment and task distribution is required to be integrated.

Purpose: This study investigated perceptions about collaborative leadership style via a study among administrative assistants of the faculty of Economics and Management Sciences and Faculty of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia. Precisely, the study examined their perceptions, collective decision making and differences between faculties under study. Methodology: A survey method was employed to collect the data. The data were analyzed using t-test and descriptive statics (frequencies and percentages). A total of 44 administrative assistants were sampled through a self-administered questionnaire from two faculties, namely Economics and Management Sciences (KENMS) and Faculty of Knowledge and Human Sciences (IRKHS) at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Main findings: The results of the analysis indicated that perceptions of administrative assistants were positive towards a collaborative leadership style. The study also found statistically significant differences between administrative assistants of KEMNS and IRKHS. It was found that IRKHS administrative assistant was more elicit to activities of collaborative leadership than their counterparts. Overall, the study revealed that administrative assistants were of the view that applying a collaborative leadership style will facilitate effective decision making in their respective faculties. Implications/Applications: This study is useful for administrative assistants in institutions of higher learning to adopt and adapt to understanding a clear collaborative leadership concept. Therefore, collaboration among staff will be recognized to develop a general perception in the educational institution. Novelty/Originality: In this research collaborative leadership style had been studied among administrative assistants critically. Permission was granted by the Dean of post-graduate studies from the kulliyyah of Education (IIUM).

This study examined the determinants of women leadership style. Three variables were considered namely; communication skills, decision-making skills and personal character as independent variables and women leadership style as the dependent variable. Transformational leadership theory by Bass (1998) was adopted and a questionnaire from Bass & Avalio (1992) was adapted. A sample of 35 academic staffs through quota sampling responded to the instrument from faculty of leadership and management (FKP) Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Three statistical analyses were utilized to answer the research questions namely: of mean of all means, correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of means of all means was (2.48) and (MRA) shows that communication skills, decision making, and personal character are predictors at (0.69) of women leadership effectiveness. Communication skills was found to be the most contributing variable at (0.83). However, there is no difference between demography factors (gender, age, educational level and length of service) towards women leadership style determinants. The findings also concluded that there is a significant relationship between women leaders behavioral and women leadership effectiveness. Therefore, this research asserted that all variables are predictors of women leadership style effectiveness.

In Kwara State, Nigeria, women's empowerment in the face of farmer-herder conflicts and socioeconomic challenges is a pressing issue. This study delves into the resilience strategies adopted by women in conflict-affected areas, examining the effectiveness of existing empowerment programs. Employing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were gathered through survey questionnaires and secondary data analysis, while qualitative insights were derived from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The findings illuminate the diverse coping mechanisms employed by women, encompassing income diversification and the reliance on social support networks. However, persistent challenges hinder their empowerment, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. Existing policies and programs exhibit both strengths and weaknesses in addressing women's needs within this context. To effectively empower women in Kwara State, a comprehensive approach is required. This approach should acknowledge the variety of resilience strategies women employ, bolster economic opportunities, and tackle the root causes of conflicts. Tailored interventions that consider the unique challenges of conflict-affected regions will be instrumental in fostering sustainable development and advancing gender equality.

The study discussed the impact of administrative creativity to raise the job performance of administrative leaders in Al-Dakhliyah governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The problem arose in the need to raise the job performance of administrative leaders, and to address the factors that led to it (originality and intellectual fluency), as it aimed to measure the extent of the impact of administrative creativity on the job performance of administrative leaders in government institutions in Al-Dakhliyah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The study utilized the quantitative descriptive approach to achieve its goals and using the theory of creativity (Hang & Aiken, 1970) to reach the best expectation of job performance in return for provided incentives and promotions, qualification and training. A questionnaire was constructed for datacollection, where it was built from (27)pharse,and a stratified sample of 280 respondents was obtained. The data wereprocessed using multiple regression analysis, and the results have reached a direct impact of administrative creativity rate of(64.2%)among the administrative leader on job performance, and the most important recommendations were:to conductsimilar studies on other governorates that may face same challenges in job performance.

In the modern age, organizations are facing several challenges due to the dynamic working environment. One of the many challenges for organization is to gauge the performance of its staffs to meet the mission and vision. Therefore, this study investigates the level administrative work environment on job performance among administrative staffs at Budaya Restu SDN BHD, Malaysia. The study employed a quantitative methodology. Data was collected through a self-administered a survey questionnaire. The variables involved in this study comprises of work environment, reward, stress, and job performance. The questionnaire was adapted from a previous validated questionnaire. Stratified sampling was used to obtain data from 30 administrative staffs for the study. The results indicate a positive relationship between work environment factors and job performance through a multiple regression analysis which accounted for (96.8%). The most contributing factor is stress on job performance which accounted for (34.8%). The study concludes with some brief prospects that organizations need to appreciate the importance of good working environment for administrative staff to maximise the level of job performance.

The drug story can easily, and probably will, return again and agin to the media attention in the level of national and international. But it is unlikely that the media itself will make a meaningful achievment unless if there is a very serious effort and a very good strategy to cure the society illness. In making the transition from assessing the influence of "natural" media such as entertainment, advertising, news and even new Media to an examination of the effects of media campaigns, one is struck with the very poor record of evaluated mass media health promotion programs. Television is the preeminent mass medium among adolescents, adolescents abserve and listen to drug use, particularly alcohol drinking, being modelled and discussed as a natural and everyday event on primetime television. Among the illicit drugs, it has been suggested that merijuana use, while rerely matter and is commonly regarded with humor as a harmless escape. Other illcit drugs are rerely shown and fairly consistently associated with bad consequences. This paper will discuss how effective are media campaingns on drug abuse? What are the strategies of media to avert the society from evil of drug abuse and to prevent the adollescent from drug abuse? What are the approprate role of Islamic media in comberting drug abuse? This study will provide some example of an effective programs on drug abuse, it will also propose some surggestions that the writher believes it will help in eradicating drug abuse or at list eliminate it.

The organizations operations have directly or indirectly affected by COVID-19 pandemic, which making them undergo a major transformation and rethinking the implementation of their business using technology to maintain operations and provide services to customers and users alike, while adhering to the change imposed by the conditions of this pandemic and prohibiting direct face-to-face communication and work. Through the new principles, directives and procedures imposed by the competent authorities. All these procedures and transformations undoubtedly affected the performance of institutions, organizations, and their employees it constituted a challenge to know the impact of these changes on performance. This paper discusses the impact of management information systems (MIS) on job performance with taken the postgraduate students' satisfaction at the University of Islamic Sciences Malaysia (USIM) during COVID-19 pandemic as mediator variable. The study questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of international students registered at the university, consisting of 68 students, and the questionnaire was sent electronically. 51 were obtained with a response rate of 75%. The Spss 25 program was also used to process the data and the hypotheses were tested in a partial least square's manner using the Smartpls3.3 program. The study showed that users' satisfaction mediates the relationship between management infosrmation systems and job performance, and that users' satisfaction is a positive average between management information systems and job performance. It is clear that the dimensions of management information systems have a positive impact on job performance with a value of R2 = 0.620, and this shows that management information systems affect by 62% on job performance and enhance it User satisfaction has a statistically significant effect on job performance, as it appears that user satisfaction positively affects job performance by 31%, where the value is 0.312. There is medium satisfaction with the performance through the information systems used in the university, where the results of the elements of management information systems and performance are shown to a medium degree, and it is good to work on improving the systems used to increase performance and satisfaction of users on this work and the system.

This quantitative study discussed the impact of modern strategic planning on the performance of human capital at the Ministry of Interior in the United Arab Emirates. When it aimed to: measure the level of strategic planning in the ministry, the level of human capital performance in it, and indicate the impact of modern strategic planning on human capital performance. The descriptive analytical method was adopted, and the quantitative method was used in data collection. The study population consisted of all leaders and computer specialists, technical officers, and administrative leaders, which numbered (874) single. The researcher chose a stratified random sample, which amounted to (267) individuals. The researcher designed the scale of strategic planning and human capital performance, which consists of (45) statements, distributed in two domains: The first strategic planning consists of (27) statements, distributed in (4) four areas. The second human capital performance: It consists of (18) statements. The statistical methods used: Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, (Spearman-Brown) equation, descriptive analysis, one-way analysis of variance. The findings revealed that: the level of strategic planning in the Ministry of Interior came at a medium rate. In the first axis; Environmental analysis occupied the highest dimensions at a large level, Pele after developing and formulating strategic plans, at a medium level, and the third was the evaluation of the implementation of the strategy, and the third dimension: the implementation of the strategic plan occupied the lowest dimensions. The findings showed: that the level of human capital performance in the Ministry of Interior came at a medium rate; The phrase: "Affiliates employ all material and technical capabilities during the implementation of plans" came in first place and with great appreciation. Finally: There is an effect of the independent variable strategic planning on the dependent variable, human capital performance in the Ministry of Interior.

This quantitative study discussed the impact of time management and strategic planning on employee performance through self-efficacy in the Ministry of Interior's general office. Aimed at: Measuring the impact of time management and strategic planning on employee performance. Measuring the effect of the mediating variable self-efficacy on employee performance. Measuring the effect of the independent variable on the mediating variable. Finally, measuring the role of the mediating variable in its mediation between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The study population consisted of all (874) officers, technicians, and administrative leaders. The researcher chose a stratified random sample, amounting to (267) individuals. The researcher designed (3) scales, the first: the scale of time management and strategic planning, consisting of (49) phrases distributed in two axes. The employee performance measure consisted of (15) phrases. The self-efficacy scale consists of (10) statements. The statistical methods used: Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, hierarchical regression analysis (HMRA). The study findings revealed: there is a significant correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable; It explains 49.8% of the dependent variable. The introduction and employment of modern technology was the most influential on the dependent variable. There is a positive significant correlation between the mediating variable and the dependent variable; It explains 44.5% of the dependent variable. There is a significant correlation between the independent variable and the mediating variable. As the results indicate; The interaction of the mediator variable and the independent variable affected the dependent variable, which confirms the influence of the mediator variable in its mediation of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

Administrative leadership, along with the processes of organization, planning, control, and decision-making, is one of the most significant functions of modern management. When studying administrative leadership, it's important to keep in mind that it encompasses all aspects of human resource development. Additionally, there can be no structure or planning without it as well as strategic decision is impossible without it. The problem statement of the study is to observe how much administrative leadership influences human resource development in light of organizations’ and institutions' rapid expansion and growth, their complexity, and the increased need for flexibility and the ability to deal with a variety of variables and problems, both organizational and administrative. The study aimed to identify the role of administrative leadership in the development of human resources in institutions or institutional organizations using a descriptive approach and theoretical analysis of books and studies that discussed administrative leadership and its impact on human resource development. The study found that administrative leadership is the most important factor in maintaining institutions' supremacy, longevity, and sustainability in view of the strong and high level of rivalry in the work environment as it is the basis for directing the administrative operations of the institution. Moreover, the institution can achieve greatness, survival, and sustainability through effective administrative leadership.

The recent appraisal of Islamic Banking and Finance (IBF) development has focused on the interest based banking system. Banks role and function have been retained to create sharia compliant instruments to replace conventional banks interest based instruments. Another issue is the objective of Islamic banking to contribute to social obligation despite profit maximization. In this context, IBF institutions have been involved in debt financing oriented transactions such as murabahah instead of musyarakah and mudharabah, as they are more profitable. This research attempts to clarify Islamic banking's objective derived from Muslim scholars views and how it complies with sharia. Thus, it is necessary to rethink the paradigm of IBF that is in line with pure Islamic economics, whereas conventional banking has been shifting toward social banking. The methodology used is qualitative-descriptive-literature. The result is, several applied integrated models in IBFs, such as Social Islamic Bank Limited (SIBL), have offered Mudaraba Waqf Cash Deposit Account (MWCDA). Then sadaqa house is provided by Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB), an integrated institution model in which Islamic banking can cooperate with other Islamic social finance such as waqf institutions in Indonesia. Finally, the research finding argues that Islamic banking's paradigm is to promote the ummah's maslahat by integrating commercial and social aspects into its operational and objective.

Workforce motivation is a concern for the corporate sector. Corporate governance and leaders have a significant role in motivating human resources to increase their productivity and efficiency. This study aims at identifying the impact of effective corporate governance and motivational leadership factors on the productivity and efficiency of human resources. The authors, in this paper, critically discussed determining human resources, elements of effective corporate governance, features of ideal corporate leader, and motivational leadership factors that influence the workforce in organizations. This study is descriptive and conceptual, and used secondary data obtained from different books, journals, and research articles (both theoretical and empirical) in the related field. After a thorough analysis of secondary materials, the authors identified several salient motivational factors and components for effective corporate governance; that directly influence human resources in increasing their productivity and efficiency. Organizations can use the findings of this study to ensure effective corporate governance and to motivate human resources in increasing their productivity and competence to cope with the changes and meet the challenges of the corporate sector.

This paper discusses Islamic management perspective of employee participation in decision- making on job performance. The decision-making role on employee working performance were extensively addressed. Data utilized were gathered from books, published journal articles in Islamic and conventional perspectives. Discovering literature gab and carefully using systematic approach of reviewing literatures based on decision-making and employee performance. Participation of employee is seen as crucial and vital for the vision and mission of the organization in attaining its goals. Therefore, employee participation has remained and suggested to play a significant role in up bringing the organization through a constructive decision-making. Hence, the implementation of decision-making and involving employee needs attention in the context of Islamic management to contribute to the existing literature. In addition, a clear understanding in strengthening the involvement of participative Islamic management through a concise decision-making. This review concluded that Islamic management perspective has a positive role to play in employee participation decision-making on job performance in the organization.

The media contributes to social, political, and economic stability, and it may be the opposite depending on the way the media is used. Since economic media is considered the most important branch of the media, as it transmits, analyzes and interprets the economic changes that occur in society, and since the economic problem is considered one of the most important dimensions of the development problem in society, it has become necessary to train specialized cadres in economic media and formulate legislation that protects this crew from distortion and contamination, and their training must include studying the objectives of Islamic Da’wah and knowing the aspirations of the Islamic community and the Islamic nation in general. This paper aims to explain the role of the media in spreading awareness about the importance of the Islamic economy. The researcher used the descriptive analysis approach to explain the role of the media and the importance of the Islamic economy for the Islamic community. The research has proven that there is a strong relationship between the media and the economy, and that the media is important for developing the economy in general and disseminating information about the Islamic economy in particular.

This quantitative study discussed the role of strategic leadership in achieving institutional excellence through the modern management system as an intermediary variable, at the Ministry of Interior in the United Arab Emirates. When I aimed to: Measuring the impact of strategic leadership in achieving organizational excellence. And the effect of the mediating variable on the dependent variable, and finally discussing the impact of the modern management system in its mediation between strategic leadership and institutional excellence. The study population consisted of all (874) officers, technicians, and administrative leaders. The researcher chose a stratified random sample, amounting to (267) individuals. The researcher designed (3) scales, the first: the strategic leadership scale consisting of (27) phrases, distributed in (3) dimensions. The second: The measure of institutional excellence consists of (27) phrases distributed in two dimensions. The third: The modern management system consists of (27) phrases, distributed in two dimensions. The statistical methods used: Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, descriptive analysis, multiple regression analysis, Hierarchical Moderated Regression Analyze (HMRA). The results of the study showed: There is a positive statistical relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, explaining 53.7% of the variable affiliate. There is a significant correlation between the mediating variable, the modern management system, and the dependent variable; So that 57.2% of the dependent variable explains the existence of a positive statistical relationship between the independent variable and the mediating variable, explaining 57.6% of the median variable. Which confirms the effect of the mediating variable in its mediation of the relationship between the independent variable strategic leadership and the dependent variable institutional excellence.

The study aims to identify the self-efficacy of employees in Libyan educational institutions. The problem of the study lies in the low self-efficacy of employees in Libyan educational institutions, which negatively affects the job performance of employees in these institutions. The study highlights the importance of highlighting the elements of self-efficacy to be used in all Libyan educational institutions. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to describe and analyze the self-efficacy of employees in Libyan educational institutions. The study reached many results, including that self-efficacy has a prominent role in improving the job performance of employees in Libyan educational institutions. Also, the results of the study concluded that verbal persuasion can be used to highlight self-efficacy at work. The results of the study also showed that emotional influence is one of the most prominent determinants of self-efficacy, as well as previous experiences of the most prominent determinants of self-efficacy in Libyan educational institutions. The results also showed that employees and the organizational environment are among the most important pillars of self-efficacy in Libyan educational institutions. The study recommended the necessity of working to provide the employees with the opportunity to clarify their self-efficacy and work to improve the performance of Libyan educational institutions significantly.

Many educational institutions have strived to involve their students to improve academic success through current technologies. This study examined the role hard work on academic success among university students. A sample of 131 from 4th year students through quota sampling responded to the questionnaire from faculty of leadership and management, University of Islamic Sciences Malaysia (USIM) were selected to obtain data for this study. This study adapted a quantitative methodology through a survey to obtain the respondent. Three statistical analyses were utilized to answer the research questions namely: of mean of all means, correlation, multiple regression analysis. The results of means of all means was (2.66) and (MRA) shows that hard work, honesty, andsincerity are predictors at (0.44) of academic success. Hard work was found to be the most contributing variable at (0.54). The results of this study found that the three factors namely hard work, honesty, and sincerity showed an effect of 44.4%. It was also found that among all the factors utilised in this this study hard work has the most impact on academic success among university students.