Pangium edule, locally known as ‘pangium’ or Malaysian called it as ‘kepayang’ is a tall tree native to the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia. In this study, the functional groups such as phenolic and resin compounds contained in the extracts of Pangium edule were investigated. The fruits of this species were collected, dried, and grounded. The powdered samples were subjected to a solid-liquid extraction process using hot water for 4 hours at 80ºC and ethyl acetate as a solvent (100 g/L) for 48 hours. Phytochemical screenings and Fourier-Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were further carried out and the samples were found to have phenolic, flavonoid, resin and tannin, steroid compounds

Since prehistoric times, medicinal plants, often known as medicinal herbs, have been identified and employed in traditional healing practices. Because of the existence of phytochemical ingredients, medicinal plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds and are a key source of molecules with therapeutic qualities. Wild herb leaves were taken from the green region of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, specifically Peperomia pellucida, also known as 'sireh cina' in Malaysia. The dried wild herb leaves were crushed. For 48 hours, the powdered materials were treated to a solid-liquid extraction method utilising hot water and ethyl acetate as a solvent. For all examined samples, a phytochemical screening test of hot water and ethanolic leaves extract confirmed the presence of antioxidant chemicals such as flavonoid and phenolics. Meanwhile, resins were only found in ethanolic leaves extract, and steroid was not found in any of the studied samples. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the organic component in greater depth by evaluating the chemical ingredients in the crude extracted samples of ethyl acetate. The study of FTIR spectra revealed that the hydroxyl group, alkanes, alkyl groups, benzoic compounds, and phenols were the primary functional groups. The identification of functional groups indicates a possible source of antioxidants and highlights a potential prospect for the development of natural products from these wild plants in the drug discovery business.

Tabebuia rosea, locally known as ‘tecoma’ or ‘Malaysian Sakura’ is a popular planted trees along roadsides with beautiful pink and white flowers. In this study, the functional groups such as phenolic compounds containing in the extracted oil from T. rosea flowers were investigated. The fall flowers of Tabebuia rosea were collected, dried and grounded. The powdered samples were subjected to solidliquid extraction process using ethyl acetate as a solvent (100 g/L) for 48 hours to extract the oil. Fourier- Transfrom Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were furthered carried out and the sample were found to have phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

Since prehistoric times, medicinal plants, often known as medicinal herbs, have been identified and employed in traditional healing practises. Because of the existence of phytochemical ingredients, medicinal plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compoundsand are a key source of molecules with therapeutic qualities. Wild herb leaves were taken from the green region of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, specifically Peperomia pellucida, also known as 'sireh cina' in Malaysia. The dried wild herb leaves were crushed. For 48 hours, the powdered materials were treated to a solid-liquid extraction method utilising hot water and ethyl acetate as a solvent. For all examined samples, a phytochemical screening test of hot water and ethanolic leaves extract confirmed the presence of antioxidant chemicals such as flavonoid and phenolics. Meanwhile, resins were only found in ethanolic leaves extract, and steroid was not found in any of the studied samples. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the organic component in greater depth by evaluating the chemical ingredients in the crude extracted samples of ethyl acetate. The study of FTIR spectra revealed that the hydroxyl group, alkanes, alkyl groups, benzoic compounds, and phenols were the primaryfunctional groups. The identification of functional groups indicates a possible source of antioxidants and highlights a potential prospect for the development of natural products from these wild plants in the drug discovery business. Disc diffusion analysis of antibacterial properties exhibited significant clear zone formation against Gram-positive and Gram-negative tested bacteria.