Kerancakan kegiatan terjemahan buku-buku agama berbahasa Arab di Indonesia dilihat amat ketara berbanding di Malaysia yang hanya mencatat bilangan yang amat sedikit. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti apakah motivasi atau motif yang mendorong kerancakan kegiatan terjemahan terhadap buku-buku agama berbahasa Arab di Indonesia dan apakah faktor yang menyumbang kepada kelambatan terjemahan buku berbahasa Arab di Malaysia. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dibuat, banyak kajian dalam bidang terjemahan melibatkan penterjemahan dari bahasa asing ke bahasa Melayu seperti bahasa Thai-Melayu, Cina-Melayu dan Perancis-Melayu. Manakala kajian terjemahan dari bahasa Arab ke bahasa melayu amat sedikit. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menganalisis dokumen-dokumen, artikel-artikel dan kajian-kajian tentang terjemahan buku berbahasa Arab di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa motif ideologi dan pendidikan menjadi faktor utama kepada penterjemah di Indonesia untuk terus-menerus melakukan aktiviti terjemahan. Selain itu, motif ekonomi juga turut mendorong penterjemah dan penerbit rancak menterjemahkan dan menerbitkan buku-buku agama.Walau bagaimanapun, di Malaysia terdapat beberapa cabaran dan kekangan yang menyebabkan kelewatan aktiviti terjemahan dan penerbitan buku-buku agama seperti adanya proses penapisan dan kawalan yang ketat terhadap penerbitkan buku-buku berbentuk fahaman dan idealogi agama. Selain itu didapati bahawa kegiatan penerbitan lebih tertumpu terhadap hasil penulisan jurnal ilmiah dalam institusi pendidikan berbanding terjemahan buku-buku sehingga menyebabkan aktiviti terjemahan menjadi agak perlahan. Di samping itu berlakunya pengurangan dana danstrategi pemasaran yang lemah turut memberi kesan kepada industri buku negara. Namun begitu, aktiviti terjemahan buku-buku agama tidak harus dipandang sepi.Perhatian serius pelbagai pihak perlu untuk menanggani masalah-masalah tersebut bagi memastikan karya-karya ulung dunia mampu diterjemahkan dengan baik dan menarik lebih ramai penggiat karya terjemahan menceburi bidang ini.

This research examines the phenomenon of intertextuality with folk proverbs in Najib Mahfuz's novels "CairoModern" and "Respected Sir". Folk proverbs, especially when embedded within literary works, hold significant importance in directing individuals towards the goals sought by the author or in conveying them to readers, thereby motivating recipients to pursue change and improvement. They strongly aid in self-construction, fostering self-confidence and self-esteem, as folk proverbs encapsulate long experiences in concise expressions, enabling readers to overcome various life challenges more effectively. Access to this Arab cultural heritage becomes crucial in shaping one's history and future, enhancing readiness to make informed decisions. From this perspective, this research aims to analyze instances of intertextuality with folk proverbs in the mentioned novels, elucidating how Najib Mahfuzemploys these instances to craft remarkable literary works, showcasing the significant role of the renowned author in the literary field and his adeptness in borrowing, assimilating, or modifying texts. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, deemed most suitable and prevalent in social and human sciences. Findings reveal that intertextuality with folk proverbs has a significant presence in the novel al-Qahira al-Jadidahand Hadrah al-Muhtaram showcasing Najib Mahfuz’s adeptness in handling this phenomenon. The research asserts that the novelist does not evoke these proverbs merely for embellishment, decor, or a display of poetic capabilities. Instead, he employs them purposefully to deepen his ideas and crystallize his vision on specific issues, seamlessly aligning with the artistic and stylistic structure of his novels.

Alif Lam is a simple binary composite character of alif and lam with various types: ‘ahdiyyah (‘default’ alif lam), jinsiyyah (generic), zāidah (additional), and mauṣūliyyah (relative). If the alif lam is maf’ul bih (prefixed to the direct object), it is either to define jins, called jinsiyyah, or to define its typical share called the ‘ahdiyyah. This research aims to study the meaning of definite object preceded by alif lam in the famous Forty Hadiths of al-Imām al-Nawawī which represents a problem among students to understand deeply the meaning of Hadith. This research was relied on the descriptive analysis method, where it describes definite object preceded by alif lam along with to analyse the alif lam from syntactic and semantic sides. The study has reached some pivotal results which are: the maf’ul bih associated with alif lam which denote ta’rīf (definition) and ta’yīn (specification) occur in twenty-two places, while for istighrāq, ihāṭhah and shumūl of alif lam in nineteen places, and the haqiqah (reality) and tabi’iyyah (nature) in thirteen places. The conclusion of this study establishes the multiple conditions that occur in the sentences and lead to different meanings benefited the grammarians in setting the grammatical rules. This study also found that this approach helps the students in understanding the prophetic texts correctly.