The term pedophilia was coined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and is recognized as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), specifically within the paraphilia class, characterized by an abnormal sexual attraction to minors. This research aims to compare child protection measures against pedophilic crimes in Indonesia and India, focusing on prevention, to serve as a reference for potential legal reforms in Indonesia. It utilizes a normative research methodology. The findings reveal that both countries lack specific regulations addressing pedophilic crimes. Instead, such offenses fall under broader categories like sexual abuse of children and sexual violence against minors. However, India has taken a significant step by enacting the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act in 2012 (POCSO), while Indonesia has recently implemented Law No. 1 of 2022 concerning Crimes of Sexual Violence. Importantly, pedophilia is not just a criminal act but also a mental disorder necessitating treatment. Hence, a comprehensive approach is vital for prevention. India has established a Program for Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence (PPPSV), offering support and medical intervention to individuals experiencing sexual attractions toward children, setting a valuable example for addressing this issue.

Harta pusaka yang tidak dituntut atau harta ‘pusaka beku’ sudah sekian lama menjadi masalah kepada masyarakat dan ianya menjadi semakin kronik sejak akhir-akhir ini ekoran jumlah kes yang semakin meningkat pada setiap tahun. Akibat dari itu maka timbullah pelbagai isu yang memberi kesan yang amat negatif kepada pihak-pihak yang terlibat khususnya ahli waris. Terdapat banyak faktor serta punca yang membawa kepada berlakunya keadaan ini; antaranya sikap acuh tidak acuh atau sambil lewa masyarakat dalam pengurusan harta pusaka milik mereka. Selain itu, ketidakfahaman masyarakat tentang kaedah dan cara serta prosedur yang perlu dilakukan untuk menguruskan harta pusaka juga merupakan faktor penyumbang kepada berlakunya isu harta pusaka yang tidak dituntut semakin bertambah di Malaysia. Keadaan ini tidak boleh dibiarkan dan perlu dicari kaedah dan mekanisma dalam menyelesaikan kemelut ini dari terus berlarutan. Artikel ini akan menfokuskan kepada perbincangan tentang punca-punca mengapa berlakunya isu harta yang tidak dituntut ini serta kaedah yang boleh diaplikasikan bagi membantu menyelesaikan dan mengurangkan masalah dalam isu harta yang tidak dituntut ini.

Through its founding treaty, the Rome Statute, the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) has received support and opposition from many countries. Despite working toward universal ratification or accession to the Rome Statute, Signatories and State Parties to the Rome Statute have decided not to ratify and withdraw from being Member States due to, among other reasons, the issue of immunity and criminal responsibility of the Head of State, which are not in line with their respective Constitution, particularly by Malaysia. As such, this study analyzes the position of immunity of the Head of State as well as the criminal responsibility of a military commander under international law, particularly under the Rome Statute and the Malaysian Constitution. Based on doctrinal analysis, this study argues that the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, as the Malaysian Head of State and the Commander-in-Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces, has immunity before the national court and, thus, will be highly exposed to ICC jurisdiction because the complementary principle under the Rome Statute cannot be implemented. This study concludes that being a part of the ICC Membership is untimely for Malaysia without the reconciliation of these contradictions.