The present work investigated the effect of carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) solid polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium carbonate (AC) prepared from solution cast technique. The CMC-AC solid polymer electrolytes system has been analyzed using EIS to understand its conductivity and dielectric behavior at temperature range of 303 K to 363 K. The highest conductivity achieved at room temperature (303K) is 7.71 x 10-6 S cm-1 doped with 7wt.% of AC and all samples follows Arrhenius behaviour. The dielectric constant (?r) value was found to be dependent of ionic dopant.

Alkoxylated-chalcone having push-pull system has been integrated as additive in solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The structural, optical and thermal stability of the additive were characterized via FT-IR spectroscopy, UVeVis, 1D NMR and TGA prior film casting as SBE. The optical band gaps (Egopt) of alkoxylated-chalcone additive exhibited low range, 3.14 eV which are comparable to that corresponding simulated findings, whereas they lie within the range of organic semiconductor materials. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis,chemical reactivity and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) revealed that the oxygen on alkoxy chain and eNO2 substituent tuning the energy level of HOMO and LUMO. The investigation of their potential as additive in SBE system has been accomplished by incorporating CMC-NH4Cl electrolyte using solution-casting method. A various weight ratio (0e8%) of additive was tested and doped with CMC-NH4Cl as new SBE. The highest ionic conductivity achieved was 2.3 10 2 Scm 1 at ambient temperature (303K) for the system containing 8 wt.% of chalcone-based additive. The findings imply that the designated chalcone-based moiety has a potential to be employed as additive materials towards the performance enhancement for electrochemical the interests

The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of each 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2HEC) doped with glycolic acid (GA) solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBE) sample has been deconvoluted in the wavenumber region between 1390 and 1490 cm-1 in order to predict the percentage of free and contact ions in the samples. Through solution casting method, 2HEC was complexed with different composition of GA and sample with 40 wt. % GA achieved the highest ionic conductivity at room temperature of 4.01x10-4 S cm-1, two magnitude orders higher relative to the parent host polymer. The FTIR of carboxyl stretching mode is deconvoluted, representing bands of free ions, contact ion pairs and ion aggregates to obtain an insight on ion associations. The results show that the number of free ions increases and attain maximum at 40 wt. % GA. The correspondence between free ions, contact ion pair, ion aggregates and conductivity is obvious. The increase in ion dissociation improves conductivity, while the formation of contact ion pair and ion aggregates reduces conductivity. From Transference Number Measurement (TNM), the calculated ionic species of the 2HEC-GA complexed system is confirmed predominant cationic.

Green materials of the future 2 – Hydroxyethyl cellulose (2-HEC) doped with dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) have been prepared via solution cast technique. The typical XRD pattern shows this complexation has taken place in the amorphous phase. The system with 9wt. % DTAB presented the highest conductivity at room temperature, 2.80 x 10-5 S cm-1 and ionic conductivity was observed to be influenced by the DTAB concentration. It was found that the conductivity measurement at elevated temperatures follow Arrhenius model and dielectric values were found to increase with increasing temperature, thus indicating the green solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) system to be a non–Debye type. Jonscher’s universal power law was employed to obtain the exponent s values. The results imply that the conduction mechanism in the most conductive green SBEs system can be represented by small polaron hopping (SPH) model.

In this present work, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) - ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films were prepared by solution casting method. The ionic conductivity and electrical properties of SPE films were investigated using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. SPE film containing 16 wt. % NH4Cl exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of 1.43 x 10-3 S/cm at ambient temperature, 303K. The temperature dependence SPE films showed an Arrhenius-type relation where the regression values obtained from the log conductivity versus reciprocal temperature is close to unity (R2?1). The electrical properties have been measured as a function of frequency of Er, Ei, Mr, Mi shown a non-Debye type behavior.

Carboxymethyl cellulose–NH4NO3 solid biopolymer electrolyte films were prepared by solution casting technique. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) with 5–50 wt.% were dissolved in disparate carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution, respectively. The electrical properties and conduction mechanism of electrolyte films have been revealed by employing electrical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 1 MHz within the temperature range of 303 K to 353 K. The ionic conductivity was observed to be influenced by the NH4NO3 concentration. The conductivity–temperature relationship is Arrhenius. From dielectric loss variation with frequency, the power law exponent was obtained. The temperature dependence of the power law exponent for CMC– NH4NO3 system can be represented by the quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model.

The present work focuses on the preparation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC as host polymer doped with ammonium chloride, AC (0–20 wt.%) as ionic dopant via solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity and transport parameter of SPEs films were analyzed using electrical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1 Hz–50 MHz at selected temperature of 303–383 K. The highest ionic conductivity of 1.43 × 10−3 S/cm was obtained at 16 wt.% AC. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity showed that the ionic conductivity obeys Arrhenius rule where R2~1 and thermally assisted. Transport studies showed that the ionic conductivity was influenced by the ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient.

The solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBE) system has been formed by introducing various compositions of oleic acid as ionic dopant into carboxymethyl cellulose via solution casting techniques. The highest conductivity achieved at room temperature is 2.11 x 10-5 S cm-1. The coin cell proton battery were fabricated with the configuration of Zn + ZnSO4.7H2O | SBEs | MnO2 for the highest conductivity SBEs. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of the fabricated proton battery with the best performance is 0.87 V at ambient temperature. The discharge characteristics of the cell have been studied at different currents, and the cell remained stable for more than 15 h for low current (~0.03mA), thus making it suitable for low current density applications.