Ijtihad kolektif merupakan suatu usaha bersepadu yang menggabungkan kepakaran pelbagai bidang dalam merungkai permasalah fiqh yang timbul. Antara permasalah fiqh yang memerlukan aplikasi ijtihad kolektif adalah isu perubatan kontemporari. Hal ini kerana, isu perubatan merupakan suatu isu kompleks yang memerlukan para sarjana hukum Islam memahami dahulu gambaran isu perubatan tersebut sebelum memutuskan sebarang hukum. Justeru, artikel ini akan membincangkan konsep ijtihad kolektif dan aplikasinya dalam isu perubatan kontemporari dengan menjadikan resolusi Akademi Fiqh Islam Antarabangsa (Internasional Islamic Fiqh Academy – IIFA) sebagai kajian kes. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualititatif dengan menggabungkan analisis dokumen dan kajian kes. Hasil kajian menunjukkan IIFA telah memutuskan 29 resolusi perubatan daripada sejumlah 216 resolusi sepanjang 22 siri persidangan bermula tahun 1984 hingga 2015. Kajian kes ke atas 9 resolusi yang diputuskan pada tahun 1985 hingga 1990 menunjukkan semua resolusi diputuskan selepas melalui sesi perbincangan antara pakar rujuk hukum Islam dengan bantuan doktor pakar dalam bidang perubatan dan menepati konsep ijtihad kolektif.

Whipping is a form of punishment that has its own meaning. Provisions of Islamic law related towhipping have been stated in the Syariah Criminal Offenses Enactment 1997 and the Syariah Criminal Procedure (State of Johor) Enactment 2003. This paper aims to discuss the definition of whipping according to Islamic and legal perspectives. This discussion focuses on whipping based on the Quran, al-Hadith and the views of the fuqaha 'as well as sharia criminal law in the State of Johor. The methodology used in this study is a literature review that is the analysis of documents such as the Quran, al-Hadith,books and articles, journals and related laws. The results of the study found that there is the concept of whipping in Islamic law and the views of the fuhaqa as well as Islamic criminal law in Islamic courts in the state of Johor.Keywords: WhippingPunishment, Islamic Law

A systematic property planning is one of the most important processes to ensure that the accumulated property over a person's lifetime can be fully utilized for goodness especially by their heirs. However, there are many problems of neglection and postponement in islamic estate distribution among the heirs nowadays, which result in difficulties in the management process. In fact, because of the unfamiliarity of the property distribution process among the heirs has caused them to ignore existing solutions. Therefore, this article aims to study the factors leading to delays in islamic estate administration and to highlight solutions to the arising issues from 107 research articles and discussions on islamic estate planning instruments from the year 2014 to 2019 to better understand this issue. This study is qualitative in nature and based on document analysis from previous literature in property management. The collected articles were analysed descriptively using Atlas ti 8 software and the total frequency of each variable was measured using Microsoft Excel 2007. This article is focusing on several variables including the frequency of articles issued on the topic, article production types, data analysis methods, approach pattern research, the gender of the authors, the rank of authors according to number of articles produced, list of journals and publication types. The initial review of this study has ascertained that there are numerous related studies done between the year 2014 to 2019 compared to the previous years. In general, this article is showing the islamic estate administration system and its laws are influencing factors apart from its relation to individual awareness in achieving better property management. In fact, each instruments; islamic inheritance, will, gift and islamic entrustment nowdays are growing rapidly in many sectors. These instruments offer good solutions in achieving effective islamic estate planning if its functions are well understood and observed. This indicates that the issue of islamic estate planning is still significant and has been extensively researched. Therefore, it is hoped that this study may provide a comprehensive overview of current issues related to islamic estate planning and provide a broader perspective to recent and future studies in addressing this issue.