The consumption of Halal cosmetics products has experienced significant growth in recent years. The State of the Global Islamic Economy Report (2022) reported that the global market size of Halal cosmetics is estimated to reach US$93 billion in 2025 at a 4-year CAGR of 7.4%. This empirical study attempts to examine the determinant factors of purchasing behavior of Muslim Millennials and Gen Z in Malaysia towards Halal cosmetics behaviors in the expansion of the Halal economy. In addition, it also seeks to unearth whether faith acts as the mediating variable between determinants of purchasing behavior of Halal cosmetics amongst Malaysian Muslims. The determinants of purchasing behavior(product, price, place, promotion, and people) were examined in this study. Data were collected from 303 Malaysians through a questionnaire used to test the proposed model drawn from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that three marketing stimuli variables of price, product, and promotion affect the faith and purchasing behavior of Halal cosmetic products, that faith mediates the relationship between price, product, and promotion and purchasing behavior of Halal cosmetic consumers. Results indicated that price, product, and promotion are considered as complementary mediation and that price is “direct-only non-mediation” in Gen Z, but “no-effect non-mediation” in Gen X and Millennials. The outcome of this research will not only advance theoretical knowledge but also provide practical implications to industry players involved in Halal cosmetics industry.

Corporate waqf has contributed a great change into thewaqfsystem as a whole and been generally accepted as a way of waqfpractice. However, the literature that discusses about the factors influencing people to contribute or involve in this practice is very limited. Prior to action, intention is taken place. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors influencing people’s intention to contribute in corporate waqf,particularly to the employees ofMajlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (MAIWP), based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). A set of a questionnaire was constructed in order to measure the validity of the theory towards people’s intention in contributing for corporate waqf. The result of this study found that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control were significantly related to intention to contribute in corporate waqfamong people. Keywords:CorporateWaqf, Intention to Contribute in Corporate Waqf, Theory of Planned Behaviour

Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA) di Malaysia telah melaksanakan dana endowmen dan wakaf bagi membantu mereka untuk mengukuhkan sumber kewangan untuk terus beroperasi, selari dengan saranan daripada pihak kerajaan. Memandangkan terdapat IPTA yang melaksanakan kedua-dua instrumen tersebut, maka kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persamaan dan perbezaan dalam pelaksanaan dana endowmen dan wakaf. Untuk merungkai objektif tersebut, kajian ini dilaksanakan menerusi kaedah kajian perpustakaan dan temu bual dengan pihak yang terlibat dalam pengurusan endowmen dan wakaf daripada IPTA yang terpilih (iaitu Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) dan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) dan Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA)). Kajian ini telah mendapati bahawa struktur governan dana endowmen dan wakaf di IPTA terpilih adalah sama; namun berbeza dari segi cara penubuhan, keizinan yang diperlukan, dan hak pemilikan.

Purpose: The current study aimed to evaluate the factors of public willingness to engage in a co-creation ecosystem with waqf institutions in Malaysia. The impacts of trust, reciprocity, commitment, shared social responsibility, loyalty, and satisfaction towards the willingness to co-create in waqf activities among stakeholders in Malaysia were investigated. This approach enhances social innovation to revitalise waqf institutions by fostering greater stakeholder collaboration. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research approach was employed by utilising the information-sharing theory. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the demographic factor for descriptive analysis along with hypothesis testing using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and SMART PLS4. The study was conducted between April and August 2023 involving 370 purposively sampled respondents who comprised waqif, Mawquf Alaih, or those with knowledge of waqf endowment. Additionally, the validity of factors influencing waqf stakeholders’ willingness to co-create with waqf institutions in Malaysia was also demonstrated. Findings: Reciprocity, loyalty, and satisfaction positively and significantly influenced the willingness to co-create with waqf institutions, while shared social responsibility and commitment revealed the opposite effect. Research limitations/implications: Given that the current study relied solely on questionnaires for data collection, a qualitative approach (interviews) should be incorporated to provide in-depth data. As the respondents were limited to the general public, data from waqf institutions should also be collected to gain a more comprehensive perspective and generate new ideas to increase a person’s willingness to co-create initiatives in waqf. Practical implications: Significant contributions include encouraging policymakers to develop stakeholder-oriented strategies to promote trust, reciprocity, loyalty, and satisfaction and increase the willingness of waqf stakeholders to share information. Furthermore, the current study highlighted the need for waqf institutions to improve the waqf shared social responsibility and commitment to social innovation with values. Several empirical insights were also outlined, such as bridging the gap between theory and practice in building collegiality and togetherness to enhance waqf contribution among stakeholders. Originality/value: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is among the first to examine public willingness to co-create with waqf institutions. Thus, these findings critically contribute to waqf institutions to strategising and improving waqf sustainability. Specifically of the waqf stakeholders sharing information for co-creation in Malaysia (WSIC-MY).

Endowment is one of the most important sources of income globally for higher education institutions, and it should be invested for permanent use. Unfortunately, such funds are not optimally managed in Malaysia’s public universities. Therefore, this study was conducted to find ways to manage funds effectively among universities with the highest recorded collection of endowment funds. The participating universities in the study were: Universiti Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Interviews were conducted with representatives from their financial divisions. This study found that endowment funds in Malaysian public universities can be better invested with the appointment of dedicated fund managers. Their role is to assess the assets in which to invest with their expert knowledge to enhance the investment portfolio of endowment funds.

Endowment and waqf funds are essential sources of income for Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in many countries, including Malaysia. Identifying the elements that contribute to the success of these funds can help sustain them. The previous scholars discovered that several elements drive the success of endowment funds in HEIs; one such element is alumni networks. This was also discovered to determine successful fundraising in another study. In this regard, this study examines this element in the context of Malaysia to observe its role in determining the success of endowment and waqf funds, particularly in public universities in this country. Simultaneously, this study also investigates the factors that drive the establishment of these alumni networks. To achieve these objectives, this study adopted a qualitative approach using interviews. Several representatives from selected universities were interviewed, and the information obtained was transcribed and analyzed. It was discovered that alumni networks are essential determinants of the success of endowment and waqf funds at the selected universities. Several key factors were identified that can help build alumni networks, such as assistance from alumni associations, a positive experience while studying, and awareness of charitable giving. This study suggests that universities can emphasize these three factors to build relationships with alumni and ensure continual contributions.

Endowment is one of the important sources of income for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in many countries, including Malaysia. The elements that contribute to the success of this fund need to be identified so that its role can be sustained. There are several elements driving the success of endowment in HEIs were found in the previous study which consist of highly-skilled investment managers, superior investment committees and alumni networks. In this study, these elements were revisited in the context of Malaysia. This study is conducted based on a literature review which acts as a preliminary ground for further empirical research in this area. This study found that there are specific aspects that need to be included with the aforementioned elements to ensure that they are suitable to be applied in Malaysia. At the same time, other elements (i.e., diversity of income sources and effective fundraising) should be considered as well as they have the possibility to contribute to endowments’ success, especially in this country.

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is a powerful approach to measure behavioural intention. Among the elements of this theory are attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. It has been successfully applied in various fields of studies. An additional element proposed by some studies is moral norm. However, the literature that discusses the factors influencing people to make a donation is very limited especially in corporate waqf. Corporate waqf has been chosen to study as it is a new instrument in waqf system and only few have studied it. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors influencing people’s intention to contribute in corporate waqf, particularly to the employees of Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (MAIWP). A set of a questionnaire was constructed in order to measure the validity of the theory towards people’s intention in contributing to corporate waqf. The result of this study found that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control are significantly related to intention to contribute in corporate waqf among people. Attitude is recorded as the strongest factor compared to other factors. In addition, the set of variables in this study is still able to predict a significant amount of the variance in intention to contribute in corporate waqf even though moral norm is controlled.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the determinant factors of willingness to share the waqf information among Malaysian. The study investigates the impact of trust, reciprocity, power, life satisfaction and commitment as independent factors on the willingness of waqf stakeholders in Malaysia to share information. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a quantitative research approach, utilising the information sharing theory. The analysis employs the SPSS software to analyse the demographic factor for descriptive analysis and partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) using SMART PLS4 for hypotheses testing. The study was conducted between April until August 2023, involving 370 purposively sampled respondents who were Waqif, Mawquf Alaih, or possessed knowledge about endowing waqf. The study intends to demonstrate the validity of factors influencing waqf stakeholders' willingness to share information, thereby enhancing Malaysia's waqf co-creation ecosystem. Findings: The result show that power, life satisfaction and commitment positively significant with the willingness to share the waqf information. Meanwhile, trust and reciprocity do not appear significantly influence the willingness to share the waqf information. Research limitations/implications: Given that the current study relied solely on questionnaires for data collection, a qualitative approach (interviews) should be incorporated to provide in-depth data. As the respondents were limited to the public, data from waqf institutions should also be collected to gain a more comprehensive perspective and generate new ideas to increase a person’s willingness to share waqf information among Malaysian. Practical implications: This study contributes significantly to the current literature concerning the willingness to share the waqf information. Policy makers encourage to develop of stakeholder-oriented strategy to promote power, life satisfaction and commitment to increase the willingness of waqf to share information. Aside from that, waqf institutions need to improve the waqf trust and reciprocity. The study offers empirical insights, bridging the gap between theory and practice in building trust and improving waqf contribution among stakeholders. These findings can influence the economic impact through policy implications. Society's willingness to share waqf information significantly impact fund sustainability. Increased waqf contributions can drive substantial projects, benefiting society and improving overall quality of life. Originality/value: to the best of authors’ knowledge, this is among the first comprehensive empirical studies that examine the willingness to share information focusing on the waqf area. Thus, the findings offer a valuable contribution to the waqf institutions to strategise and improvement the waqf sustainability.

Based on a thorough literature review and meta-analysis, this research aims to outline the use of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in predicting Waqf Intention (WI). A meta-analysis was used as a research approach, and 17 studies with a total population of 4575 persons (mean = 269.118) were included in this study. Previous studies that employed the TPB to predict the authors summarized WI. WI is determined by Attitudes about Waqf, Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC). The fundamental implication of this meta-analysis is to deconstruct the core of Waqf and its determinants for Islamic financial institutions and Waqf Institutions to promote the practice of this behaviour in their respective fields. However, a notable weakness in the present literature is a potential "cooperation bias," in which individuals are inclined to overstate their WI. Therefore, this is the first meta-analysis to explore the TPB's predictive value for identifying WI. While there are various discrepancies noted in the research that employed the TPB in the Waqf setting, the outcomes of this research have been compiled and presented.