Wood-carving arts in Malaysia started out in the 14th century with Animism and then the Hindu- Buddha influence. The motifs and patterns were mostly flora and fauna based. But with the rise of Islam in the 15th century, the art was basically resurrected with appearance that is accordance to the Islam Law. Though, there might be a slight issue in knowing the difference of motifs between the eras and why certain motifs are no longer used now. Carving is one of the branches of art that the Malays have as a traditional legacy. High level of skill and techniques are needed in the art of wood-carving as it is both a decoration, an art form as well as a display of symbolic carved elements. That is why ratherthan totally abandoning the art form, to comply with the Islamic rules, it is evolved into something beautiful and at the same time showing obedience to the creator, Allah SWT. For that, it is important to understand the evolution of Malay wood-carving motifs before the rise of Islam and after it is implemented. After conducting a research on multiple past papers, the reasons and proof on why there are woodcarving motifs that are forbidden and some are allowed, were found. This article will discuss some aspects in traditional wood-carving concepts, history and after the emergence of Islam. Keywords: Wood-Carving, Animism, Islamic Influence, Tanah Melayu.

The existing urban campus is very much affected by rapid urbanization and the globalized knowledge economy. It must adapt its development to these challenges to ensure its continuous significance in the context. This study evaluates the new urban spaces of the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur (UTM-KL), an urban campus that had evolved since the 1950s. Using a qualitative method for a single case study, a morphological study was done based on visual observation, and document review. The finding reveals that the new development applied a different planning approach to the original campus planning, affecting the urban spaces. It is recommended to design the new planning development concerning the existing context to maintain the spaces' value towards retaining the sense of belonging and attachment to the place.

As modernization and urbanization grow, there has been a rising interest in townships with historical elements in their urban landscape. The identification and classification of Malay architectural language are crucial to architects seeking to instill history and culture into the new design. The paper traced the characterizations of classicality in Malay architecture through a thorough study of palaces and aristocrat buildings in Malaysia. Morphological analysis of 50 case studies was mapped but only six palaces from different sites and eras were marked as samples in this paper. The focus of the study not only on their origins, typology, history, and stylistic characters but also on the proportions and elemental attributes of the frontal façade. These case studies were selected as sentinels or samples of successive evolutionary phases in classical Malay architecture which had a huge gap and carried different historical evolutions. It was argued that while the earlier palaces reflected all Malay style attributes, the later expression reflected the cultural pressure of globalization via colonialism diffused from colonial institutions. The study extracted the five parameters of the Malay classical architecture, whereby it was found that even under such pressure, certain features were still maintained to root the identity of the Malays and later developed as new city urbanscape.

The booming development of transit-oriented development (TOD) worldwide, especially in high-density urban areas, has shown that many cities have started to transform their urban spaces into more sustainable and liveable cities. TOD integrates the mixed-use development around the public transport stations and promotes a pedestrian-and bicycle-friendly environment as a city lifestyle. However, such developments often lack integration with the contextual condition of the surrounding area, which in the case examined in this study is the waterfront. Many cities in developed countries such as Singapore, U.S. and Canada have started to reintegrate their TODs with the water bodies. Recent trends show that TODs are widely established in areas near the water body such as dockland and waterfront, as part of urban regeneration. Various urban design principles of waterfront transit-oriented development are available, but most of them are scattered across many documents. Thus, this research aimed to identify the urban design principles for waterfront transit-oriented development. The principles were developed using a qualitative method that included content analysis of journals, reports, and guidelines on transit-oriented development (TOD), waterfront development, and waterfront transit-oriented development (WTOD). In the end, the urban design principles of WTOD can guide professional stakeholders such as architects, planners, engineers, and others relevant to the field to reintegrate the TOD with the waterfront in future planning.

This research focuses on the opportunity to integrate a few components of Islamic Building Principles (IBP) to improve the spatial quality of low-cost vertical housing in Malaysia, especially Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) housing in Malaysia. As everyone is aware, PPR homes were able to meet the basic requirement in terms of housing and meet the basic need of occupants as a shelter. However, several major problems continue to exist, keeping the spatial quality in most PPR homes less than ideal. Therefore, this study examines which IBP components are most effective in enhancing spatial quality in PPR homes. The IBP elements act as a benchmark indicating Islam as a way of life. The major goal of this study is to determine which of the Islamic building principles (IBP) are important to a vertical housing development in Malaysia and to evaluate the extent to which these principles or Islamic guidelines have been incorporated to the existing vertical housing in Malaysia. Throughout the research, a literature review and systematic visual observation approach were used to achieve both research objectives. The main findings of this study shows that… (add 1 sentence of main finding). With the implementation of IBP elements and maqasid shariah as a guideline for housing design, the well-being and quality of life of much needed focus can be enhanced and improve.

With modernization, historical structures are threatened by extinction. Preservation efforts are made, but eventually, maintaining the drawing’s physical form is no longer manageable. Hence, digital archiving is the best solution to preserve data. The research approach is a design-based study that aims at data collection and analysis of website development while reviewing many aspects of digital archiving in architectural heritage. The methods involved data compilation, sustainable digital archive development, and the arrangement of data digitally. Documentation of heritage digital archive model development is made to ensure the data of building a sustainable archive is available for future reference.

Sejak tujuh belas (17) Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari dilancarkan pada tahun 2015 oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu, kesemua negara dunia perlu mengambil initiatif untuk mencapai pembangunan lestari dalam pelbagai bidang. Walaupun demikian di dapati banyak negara maju yang mungkin maju dari segi ekonominya dan penciptaan teknologi baru tetapi tidak seimbang dari aspek sosialnya. Oleh itu objektif kajian ini adalah untuk memahami apakah maksud sebenar yang terdapat pada perkataan ‘pembangunan lestari’ dengan menggunakan metodologi qualitatif dengan pendekatan analisa kandungan dan teknik aplikasi Kod Jawi. Kod jawi adalah satu sistem permaknaan Bahasa Melayu. Satu sistem yang terhasil dari kearifan lokal yang terdiri daripada huruf jawi yang mempunyai maksud secara piawai. Melalui penerapan Kod Jawi, karekter setiap perkataan dapat dibedah. Dengan menaplikasikan kod jawi pada perkataan 'pembangunan lestari' akan membolehkan setiap orang atau organisasi yang terlibat dalam pembangunan memahami dengan lebih baik ciri-ciri sebenar yang boleh dilaksanakan sehingga pembangunan lestari dapat dicapai dengan jayanya.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) offers as a method to provide sustainable living and introducing place making as the essential needs of producing good public spaces. TOD may also help to achieve a greater positive outcome that satisfies the community’s demand. This study synthesized literature reviews from 1993 to 2021 on the ‘sense of place’ in creating a quality place making in public spaces. Views taken includes from the concern of methodological and components used to comprehend the association of sense of place within place making in public spaces accompanied by the individual’s perception of the place meaning. In conclusion, place making is essential in forming quality public spaces especially in TOD. It enables us to understand the place attachment as in the connection between a person and a place physically and spiritually thus, help to contribute to an effective place making.

Channelization of rivers, along with beautiication and structured designated landscape design along the riverbanks, are parts of the development that occur in the urban centres around the world. Such developments are often taken up to prevent natural catastrophes such as loods, without considering the nature of the river itself. Realizing this mistake and its adverse effects towards the environment, many developed countries, such as the U.S.A., U.K., Japan, China and, many more, have started to ecologically reorganize riverfront designs to ensure that rivers are restored to their natural condition. Various principles of ecological riverfront design are available, but the information is patchy and in different documents. Hence, this research aimed at redeining the principles of ecological riverfront design. A qualitative method, using comprehensive content analysis of journals and reports on ecological riverfront designs and ecological riverfront design guidelines from selected countries, was employed to redeine such principles. In summary, these principles could become a reference for architects, planners, engineers and other related professional bodies to reconsider the ecological aspect of riverfronts while planning and creating the urban spaces along the Riverfront Designriverbanks, thereby indirectly promoting urban sustainability within the urban cities.

Wood carving is a common trait seen in a Malay traditional house. Different types of wood carvings can be found in a Malay house based on the owners' status, wealth, culture, and religion. After Islam was introduced to Malaysia and became the main principle and guide for the people, they began to adopt Islamic values in their daily lives, including the illustration of the wood carvings. These beautiful wood-carving motifs were designed as a symbol of obedience toward a higher power. Unfortunately, over time wood carving has been neglected and is no longer a popular trend, leading to abandonment and ruins. Without proper acknowledgement, total loss of heritage and identity may happen. Hence, by employing qualitative methods such as literature review and observational study on selected heritage houses, the researchers managed to identify the typology of wood carvings in Malay traditional houses. The findings showed a wide variety of wood carvings based on the different placements in the traditional house. The motifs used during those times were floral, geometric, and calligraphy. Understanding the motifs would be a good start before introducing them to the public and educating them on the importance of conserving these motifs for future generations.

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