LexForensica: Forensic Justice and Socio-Legal Research Journal

This study examines the topic of customs inspection of women in light of constitutional, jurisprudential, and legal references, with a focus on the procedural and legal guarantees accompanying this process. The study aims to clarify the legal and jurisprudential framework regulating inspection and measure its consistency with international human rights standards. The study relied on a comparative analytical approach that combines constitutional texts, national laws, and Islamic jurisprudence, in addition to analyzing field studies and practical experiences in some Arab countries. The results revealed shortcomings in national legislation in terms of explicit provisions on controls for the inspection of women, compared to greater clarity in Islamic jurisprudence, which sets precise rules based on the objectives of Islamic law. It also revealed that practical implementation gaps exist in the application of these guarantees, particularly given the shortage of female personnel and weak judicial oversight. The study recommended the development of national legislation, enhanced training and qualifications for female customs personnel, and the development of unified inspection protocols, utilizing the objective-based framework to regulate these provisions to achieve a balance between security requirements and human rights.   ملخص البحث يتناول هذا البحث موضوع التفتيش الجمركي للنساء في ضوء المرجعيات الدستورية، والفقهية، والقانونية، مع التركيز على الضمانات الإجرائية والحقوقية المصاحبة لهذه العملية. يهدف البحث إلى بيان الإطار القانوني والفقهي المنظم للتفتيش، وقياس مدى اتساقه مع المعايير الدولية لحقوق الإنسان. اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج تحليلي مقارن يجمع بين النصوص الدستورية والقوانين الوطنية والفقه الإسلامي، إضافةً إلى تحليل دراسات ميدانية وتجارب تطبيقية في بعض الدول العربية .أظهرت النتائج وجود قصور في التشريعات الوطنية من حيث النص الصريح على ضوابط تفتيش النساء، مقابل وضوح أكبر في الفقه الإسلامي الذي وضع قواعد دقيقة قائمة على المقاصد الشرعية. كما تبيّن أن الممارسة العملية تشهد فجوات في تطبيق الضمانات، خصوصًا في ظل نقص الكوادر النسائية وضعف الرقابة القضائية. أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تطوير التشريعات الوطنية، وتعزيز التدريب والتأهيل للكوادر الجمركية النسائية، ووضع بروتوكولات موحدة للتفتيش، مع الاستفادة من المرجعية المقاصدية في ضبط النصوص بما يحقق التوازن بين مقتضيات الأمن وحقوق الإنسان.

Modern Islamic jurisprudence faces various challenges in dealing with customary issues, particularly those related to long-standing social traditions of certain communities. Among these issues, the inheritance system of Tanah Adat (customary land) in Negeri Sembilan serves as an important example that needs careful study and review. This study aims to assess the fiqhi (Islamic legal) classifications that have been proposed in interpreting the inheritance of Tanah Adat in Negeri Sembilan. Since this practice is deeply rooted in local custom, it also raises the need to compare it with the principles and regulations of Islamic law. The research focuses on the validity of these interpretations and whether they suit the customary practices of the community. This research uses a qualitative methodology through content analysis of relevant scholarly writings, fatwas, and legal reports. Data is analysed using thematic and critical evaluation methods to determine the accuracy and appropriateness of the fiqhi classifications applied to the issue of customary land inheritance. Findings reveal several issues in the previously proposed legal interpretations. A few do not have a strong foundation in Islamic law, while others are based on incorrect comparisons with other legal rulings. Considering these findings, the study suggests that there is a need to continue reviewing how Islamic law is applied to Tanah Adat, through more systematic and context-aware approaches. The study also highlights the importance of involving Islamic scholars, local leaders, and government policymakers when making any religious rulings related to this matter. Finally, it recommends that further field research should be done to see how well the suggested Islamic solutions work in real life. By aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, this study emphasizes the importance of establishing a fair and inclusive legal framework that respects both Islamic principles and indigenous customary rights, thereby promoting social cohesion and legal clarity within the affected communities.