Study on anti-quorum sensing potentials and phytochemical constituents of Euphorbia hirta

Abstract

Euphorbia hirta is an annual broad-leaved herb and widely used as traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This herb was tested on the anti quorum sensing (anti-QS) potentials in fresh (edible or macerated) forms and acetone extracts via biomonitor strain Chromabacterium violaceum (ATCC 12472). The biomonitor strain has an ability to produce purple pigment (violacein) under QS-control. The different parts of E. hirta extracts were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard procedures and finally analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Preliminary screening on fresh parts of this herb revealed that leaves exhibited the highest anti-QS activities towards C. violaceum. The results also exhibited the wide variation in the anti-QS activities on whole plants, flowers, stems, leaves and roots of E. hirta from acetone extraction. The highest anti-QS activities were recorded by leaves and flowers extracts as the lowest of minimum QS inhibition concentration values (1.8906 mg/ml) were indicated by both extracts respectively. Phytochemical screening of E. hirta extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, resins, steroids, acidic compounds, tannins, glycosides, phenols and terpenoids. The quantitave phytochemical assays via GC-MS indicated that this herb rich with fatty acids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds.