Journal of Islamic Social Sciences and Humanities (Al-Abqari)

The aim of this article is to examine the origin of epistemology in Islamic theology. Therefore, I examined some early Muslim theological works on knowledge and the link between early Mutakllimun and Greek philosophy. The study indicates that although the discussion on knowledge is available in the Qur'an, the systematic appearance of epistemology in IsIamic theology gained momentum after the penetration of Greek philosophy in the Islamic world through the translation project during the 'Abbasid caliphate.

This study was carried out to assess the efectiveness of two secular-based counseling groups (clientcentered and rational-emotive behavior) and Islamic based group counseling (psychology cognitive Ad-Din) on social support of a group of teachers. The researcher hypothesized an increase in social support as indicator of the effectiveness of the treatment. The Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) was administered for social support. The reliability of the OSI was measured using the Alpha Cronbach coefficient. The item-whole and construct validity indicated a high level of validity of the questionnaire. The control pre and post design was used to measure the effectiveness of the treatment.

This study discusses the techniques of the khalwah(seclusion) between two main orders, namely Naqshabandiyyah and Ahmadiyyah in Malaysia. Thus, the explanation of the concept of khalwah by sufism are based on authentic sources of Islam i.e. al-Quran, al-Hadith and consensus of scholars and qiyas. Furthermore, the khalwah that is practiced in sufism which has many types and forms will also be discussed critically. Indeed the real aim of khalwah is to complete and full the shara' requirements from the aspect of interior dimension i.e. purification of the soul. This involves the process of cleaning the soul from blameworthy qualities and substituting it with praiseworthy qualities in order to get close to Allah SWT.

This article discusses the importance of religious teaching in developing the ethical value. Religious teaching is able to unite various ideologies through fulfilling their psychological need especially the feeling of togetherness. The ethical values in Islam are based on several foundations that the key element is the belief in Allah and judgement day. This article indicates the importance of the feeling of constant observant by Allah that available in human soul. If a believer controls his heart and remembers his God, he will reach at a level where he can see the impact of that feeling in his heart, body and actions. Therefore, in this period of time we are in need of spiritual revolution in our soul to become the foundation for our ethical value.

The clash between the East and the West is one of the phenomenon of the end of time. It is defined as the clash between the understanding and faith and thus, have a direct relation with Islam and other religion in the world. The clash of culture between the West and Islam had always existed since the Crusades. Recently this has given rise to the globalization era. Howeve< the concept of globalization proposed by the West may not be equivalent to alamijyah which is the Islamic equivalent to term which was taught by Islam some fourteen centuries ago. Hence, the noted principle of "al-Islam Ya'lu Wala Yu'la Alaih" will always be relevant for the development of human and time.

In the history of Islamic thought, there could be found some influences of Greek philosophical thought within the philosophical schools in the Islamic world such as the philosophy of Neoplatonism and Aristotelianism. This is due to the deep interest of the Islamic scholars towards the sciences and cultures of other nations, which culminated with the rendition of literatures into Arabic language. Resulting from this translation effort was the encounter between the Islamic sciences and the Hellenistic philosophical thought. Among Islamic schools of thought which were affected: AlMu'tazilah, Al-Asha 'irah and Al-Maturidiah. In addition, one of the Shiite groups, which were also affected by philosophical thought, was the Ismailiyyah. In Greek philosophy, Neoplatonism is very well known to have its fondness towards mystical teachings whereas Aristotelianism towards rationalism. In such case,it could be traced in the streams of Al-Zama'iliyyah thought the influence of Neoplatonic philosophy, while Al-Mu'tazilah and the other streams were mostly affected by Aristotelianism.

In the history of Islamic thought, there could be found some influences of Greek philosophical thought within the philosophical schools in the Islamic world such as the philosophy of Neoplatonism and Aristotelianism. This is due to the deep interest of the Islamic scholars towards the sciences and cultures of other nations, which culminated with the rendition of literatures into Arabic language. Resulting from this translation effort was the encounter between the Islamic sciences and the Hellenistic philosophical thought. Among Islamic schools of thought which were affected: AlMu'tazilah, Al-Asha 'irah and Al-Maturidiah. In addition, one of the Shiite groups, which were also affected by philosophical thought, was the Ismailiyyah. In Greek philosophy, Neoplatonism is very well known to have its fondness towards mystical teachings whereas Aristotelianism towards rationalism. In such case,it could be traced in the streams of Al-Zama'iliyyah thought the influence of Neoplatonic philosophy, while Al-Mu'tazilah and the other streams were mostly affected by Aristotelianism.

Book Review: Daniel L. Pals. Eight Theories of Religion. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. 2"d Edition. 340 pp. RM 147.73.

This paper deals with Shamsuddin's sufi-theological doctrines based on his selected works. This paper also intends to highlight Shamsuddin as one of the prominent Malay Sufis who made an attempt to systematise the teachings of the earlier theologians. Shamsuddin has demonstrated the application of speculative theology by making adaptation and modification of the thought of earlier Ash'arites theologians in general and al-Sanusi in particular. The main discussion of this paper comprises Shamsuddin theological discussion of the meaning of Tawhid and Shahada as well as the elaboration of Divine Essence, Attributes and Names.

This article discusses the importance of religious teaching in developing the ethical value. Religious teaching is able to unite various ideologies through fulfilling their psychological need especially the feeling of togetherness. The ethical values in Islam are based on several foundations that the key element is the belief in Allah and judgement day. This article indicates the importance of the feeling of constant observant by Allah that available in human soul. If a believer controls his heart and remembers his God, he will reach at a level where he can see the impact of that feeling in his heart, body and actions. Therefore, in this period of time we are in need of spiritual revolution in our soul to become the foundation for our ethical value.

Penembungan tamadun antara Timur dan Baral adalah satu gejala akhir zaman. Ia bermaksud pertembungan antara fahaman dan akidah, oleh itu ia berkaitan langsung dengan agama Islam dan agama lain di dunia. Petembungan budaya Baral dan Islam sememangnya telah terjadi sejak perang salib lagi. Perkembangan terakhir telah menghasilkan satu era yang dipanggil era globalisasi. Namun konsep globalisasi yang dikemukakan oleh Baral tidak mampu menyaingi konsep "Alamiyah" yang telah diajarkan oleh Islam sejak empat betas kurun yang lalu. Oleh itu prinsip " al-Islam Ya 'Lu Wala Yu 'la Alaih" akan tetap relevan untuk kemajuan ummah dan zaman.

lslam is a religion of peace and security. It imposes many rules that guarantees peacefulness of human life. The difference of thought is the nature of the people. This will reach some people to the extent of fighting between two different groups. lslam asked to reconcile between the two disputed Muslim groups. This research focuses on the efforts of Sufi orders in Darfur, west Sudan, in reaching a peaceful solution for the conflict which have claimed many lives. This study aims to reveal the role of Sufi Orders and their influence in Sudanese society. The method employed is the library research method with a case study. The finding of research prove the influence of Sufi Sheikh's and Orders in the ordinary lives of the people in Sudan and their involvement in solving social and political problems among the Muslims.

يفهم كثير من املسلمني خطئا أن الدعوة إلى دين اهلل إلقراره والعمل به في األرض مهمة العلماء في الشريعة فقط ، وأنه ال ينبغي ألحد أن ينازعهم هذه املهمة ، ولكن القرآن يفند هذا املفهوم ويبني عكسه متاما ، بل ويشير في مواضع كثيرة أن البالغ والدعوة إلى اهلل تعالى ، وإلى كل فضيلة هو ضرورة كونية ينفذها كل مخلوق في هذا الكون في سمائه وأرضه بفطرته ، وقد يستغرب كثيرا من الناس هذا املفهوم لكن الذي يقرأ القرآن بتمعن يجد تأكيد ما أقول جليا واضحا ، وسوف أتناول في هذه الورقة بإذن اهلل وتوفيقه ، أمنوذجا من القرآن يظهر أن الدعوة إلى دين اهلل وإصالح ما أفسد الشيطان ، فريضة على كل الكائنات التي خلقها اهلل تعالى في هذا الكون الرحيب ، وهذا األمنوذج هو : ] الداعية الطيار [ وكيف أن هذا الداعية كان سببا في جناة أمة من البشر لهم في األرض شأن عظيم رغم أنه ليس من البشر ، بل هو من الطير ) إنه هدهد سليمان ( الذي سطر اهلل لنا قصته في قرآن يتلى إلى يوم القيامة ، وسوف نستهدف من ذكرنا لهذا النموذج ، أن نحيي جانب اإليجابية الدعوية ، والغيرة للدفاع عن حرمات اهلل ، وإثبات أن مفهوم الدعوة إلى اهلل قاصر على علماء الشريعة فقط هو مفهوم جانب الصواب ، ويجب تعديله وتصويبه ، وإمنا قصدت اإلشارة إلى هذا املوضوع في هذا الوقت بالذات لكي نحشد وجنند كل ذي همة عالية للدفاع عن دين اهلل ، ونشحذ همة ونصحح فهم من ال يستشعر مبا يستشعر به سائر املخلوقات غيرة ، حرصا على الدين وإحياء لتوحيد اهلل وعبادته وحده في هذا الكون العظيم الذي يخضع ومن فيه طوعا أو كرها هلل رب العاملني ، وما توفيقي إال باهلل وال اعتمادي إال على اهلل عليه توكلت وإليه أنيب ، واحلمد هلل رب العاملن

lslam is a religion of peace and security. It imposes many rules that guarantees peacefulness of human life. The difference of thought is the nature of the people. This will reach some people to the extent of fighting between two different groups. lslam asked to reconcile between the two disputed Muslim groups. This research focuses on the efforts of Sufi orders in Darfur, west Sudan, in reaching a peaceful solution for the conflict which have claimed many lives. This study aims to reveal the role of Sufi Orders and their influence in Sudanese society. The method employed is the library research method with a case study. The finding of research prove the influence of Sufi Sheikh's and Orders in the ordinary lives of the people in Sudan and their involvement in solving social and political problems among the Muslims.

Kertas kerja ini akan menelaah persoalan pemimpin dan kepimpinan Melayu dan akan merujuk serta mengambil iktibar dari riwayat yang telah diungkapkan oleh Sulalat al- Salatin atau Sulalatus Salatin atau Sejarah Melayu. Dengan menelusuri teks berkenaan sama ada yang diselenggarakan oleh A.Samad Ahmad (Sulalatus Salatin: 2003, DBP); atau atau yang dikaji atau yang diperkenalkan oleh Muhammad Haji Salleh (Sulalat a/-Salatin: 1997, Yayasan Karyawan dan DBP); atau Abdul Rahman lsmail (1998, Sejarah Melayu, The Malay Annals). Kertas kerja ini cuba memperlihatkan ide dan ideologi penting mengenai pemimpin dan kepimpinan. Dalam kerangka teks berkenaan raja atau sultan adalah pemimpin. Bukan persoalan raja atau sultan, tetapi yang lebih penting ialah bagaimana idea dan ideologi yang diungkapkan melalui waad, wasiat dan nasihat yang dapat memberi iktibar, pedoman dan panduan kepada kita umat Melayu pada masa kini di Malaysia.

Culture covers a wide range of different aspects such as food, clothing, communication, relationship, way of life, way of thinking and etc. In Malaysia, with the diversity of the various ethnic groups and religions give us the opportunity to have cultural diversity. However, the practice of cultural awareness in Malaysia is still low because there are still some people who do not know even purposely disregard for other people's cultures. Hence, this paper will look into the history and definitions of cultural awareness in details by giving explanations from the experts. In addition, this paper also discusses the concept of cultural awareness and the necessity to practice it according to Islamic perspective and how the views and perceptions of cultural consciousness in Malaysia, whether among those who are Muslims and non-Muslims. This paper will also look at the aspect of the media as a medium to provide an understanding and knowledge of cultural awareness to the society. Lastly, in this paper, the authors also share their previous experiences with different ethnics, cultures and religions and has assessed how their level of acceptance of our culture and vice versa.

nterpretation of the Qur'anic Kawniyyah verses has undergone a transformation from the early emergence of epistemology until the current time. Studies of these verses by scholars have been carried out actively from the classical period until the post-modern era that witnesses the emergence of academic papers in that field. Hence, this article focuses on the work done by them in interpreting these verses. This article also focuses on the writing methodologies of prominent figures in the production of academic materials. In accordance with the changes of time and emergence of new discoveries in an issue being studied, of course, transformation occurs in the writings of a scholar. The interpretation exploration activity has begun from the Abbasid period, especially during the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid and followed by Caliph al-Mamun. Researches in this area continue to undergo a massive transformation through al-Ghazali, who is seen as a figure that gives legitimacy to this interpretation.

To implement any new or additional Islamic policy, procedures and or framework in business organization, apart front the corporate leadership consents, the organization itself must be an Islamic organization. In this case, the questions arise would be: How to build an Islamic organization and how to categorize whether the organization is Islamic or not? To answer these questions is akin to finding solutions on how to build an Islamic country. The effort must be done on a continuum momentum albeit a difficult one. However such task is noteworthy, especially in an effort to build an Islamic work place, which also would produce an Islam halal product. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss the understanding of what it takes to establish an Islamic organization. The focus of this study is on the principles of conduct and values that should be embraced in forming an Islamic organization. Thus, the literature review on this topic has been conducted via library research and the understanding is based on the various opinion analyzed from the previous and contemporary Muslim scholars. The finding shows that in building an Islamic organization it is very important to understand and practicing its' Islamic principles of conduct in good governance (GG), good values(GV),and good d ethics (GE)together with Islamic values which already enhanced within Islamic teachings such as truthfulness, trust, sincerity, brotherhood, knowledge, justice, ihsan, and benevolence. To build an Islamic organization is a must and the responsibility lies on each and every Muslim since the existence of Islamic organization would facilitate the implementation of other Islamic policies, procedures and or framework to the workers, all the stakeholders and organization a whole.

This article focuses on the Islamic State system by clarifying the definition, characteristics, classification, the position of lslam in Malaysia as well as the development of the implementation process of the Islamic system in Malaysia. The author elucidates that a the Malaysian Constitution has been promulgated from consultations and tolerance amongst major races in Malaya and subsequently Malaysia. It is imperative that the agreement based on mutual tolerance and solidarity of these major races be respected. This article discusses that Malaysia as an lslamic state requires commitment from all quarters to successfully implement and fulfil its aspiration.

Malay modern literary research has never ceased to discuss the significance on the contribution of Munsyi Abdullah in the Malay world. Although he was conferred the title of Father of Modern Malay Literature, his name was always hailed for some controversial remarks. His translation of the Kitab lnjil and other missionary works received severe criticism and he was even noted for being the Western ally. Even some of the Malays who were adhere to chauvinistic attitude, would dismiss him as loyal Malay since he was noted using some awful words to describe the conditions of the Malays in his writings. Thus, looking thoroughly on his life history, this paper would like to examine his contributions in the Malay Literary works, of which he had contributed tremendously. This would also consult some discussion on his controversy among the scholars and his other significant works that should not be ignored by the history.