International Conference on Islamic Leadership-2 (iCiL-2) 2012

Strategy formulation within the framework of corporate strategic management is a process to plan for long term organizational sustainability. To plan a strategy, an organization needs all the resources available and utilizes these resources to achieve its vision, mission and strategic objectives set out in the beginning. how eve^ the use and utilization o f resources without control will only lead to strategies designed to be a source of damages to the organization that eventually also involves stakeholders directly or otherwise. Thus, from the facets of strategic management, each level in the organizational leadership must have a value of embedded ethics as guidance in the decision making process. This paper will be referring extensively the work of Abu Hamed Mohammad ibn Mohammad al- Ghazali, particularly Ihya ' 'Ulumuddin within the scope of formulation stage of corporate strategy in the aspect of the formation of the vision and mission of the organization. In the framework of Imam al-Ghazali ethics, critiques of the modern theory of motivation that moving psychological stimulus of employees from the modern perspective will also be explicated. Due to the Islamic worldview which recognizes that knowledge is all belongs to God, therefore, not all theoretical framework o f the modern management science be relinquished if it noticeably leads to goodness from the perspective of the ummah development. Predicating from this worldview, al-Ghazali's framework of ethics can be an alternative guideline for strategic decision-making process to take place within the modern framework o f modern strategic management theory.

The major difference that separates the survivors and perishers in human society is how the critical issue of "change " - which is the only constant in our lives - is being managed. Those that succeeded in managing "change" and constantly improving themselves, will proceed further and progress, while others who slumbers oblivious to the changing environment, will be left behind. Central to the progress and modernization of societies and civilizations as they meander the vicissitudes of life, is the ability and willingness to embrace the principal catalyst,for change, namely, "creativity and innovation". In the context of ASEAN, against the backdrop of a rapidly globalizing world environment, new knowledge and new ideas, together with.fresh and bold approaches are required to enable the ASEAN community to stay ahead and progress. It is here that Muslim scholars and intellectuals in this region can and should exercise some leadership in this matter. They should spur the governments and peoples of ASEAN to accord greater focus and emphasis on the pertinent issue of "creativity and innovation" in all aspects of their endeavors, including in socio-politics. In this latter regard, these scholars (ulama, especially mujtahid) have a role in articulating socio-political issues that are not only in sync with the Islamic governing and development paradigms but also offer alternative ideas and approaches that can complement existing approaches to ASEAN's nation building agendas and programmes. For this particular Paper on socio-politics, our attention will be devoted towards discussing the role of Muslim scholars in helping to bolster.further ASEANk effectiveness in general, and in urgently calling for reforms (read: creativity and innovation) in Governance, Ideology, and Education in particular.

This paper is aimed at presenting a set of solution for current muslim communities 'limited economic performance on entrepreneurial ideas. Library research is applied in this paper to do so. Firstly this paper oversees the nature of entrepreneurship and its development through Islamic teaching and history. Secondly it discusses current condition in Islamic countries regarding their economic performance, cooperation and ,further challenges. Thirdly it deals with the efforts to initiate entrepreneurship in Islamic communities mainly through academic process provided by higher education institutions. The results suggest that entrepreneurship has played important roles in economic development since primarily entrepreneurs are able to implement new ideas to work. Islam has also put great attention to entrepreneurship as seen in the Holy Koran verses and Prophet teachings. Nowadays,Muslims live more individualistically; each of them live in very different conditions based on their economic achievement with very limited cooperation among them. Some challenges arise to improve their competitiveness to attract investment as well as cooperation among them. Higher education institutions in Muslim-majority countries are expected to initiate Islamic entrepreneurship through their curricula to prepare young entrepreneur Muslim generations that could give direct contributions to stimulate business.

This article will focus on conceptions of leadership amongst muslim thinkers. Ideas of leadership not management will be explored in this article. Preference would be given towards the turath especially al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and Ibn Khaldun. Questions: Has muslim thinkers devised a certain way of thinking about leadership and its models that would then be applied at their particular time and context? Is there or are there conceptual models based solely upon the teachings of the Prophet or more dynamic in the sense that each of these models are open-ended which are wholly determined by various sociopolitical considerations? An analysis of muslim thinkers closer to our period would also be undertaken. Notably Muhammad Iqbal, Seyyed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas. It is believed that such leadership values are to be rooted within a particular understanding of the universe and the subject, thus a particular worldview which is based upon Islam. Ideas dealing with values and concepts are intertwined when discussing worldviews and leadership which is based upon such an idea. Were the muslim thinkers working within such a framework or was it more of an open-ended system? This is an interesting question in itself and would help further in locating and situating the ideas of values and its discussion in the wider field of Islamic thought and philosophy. Instead of the usual descriptive method normally employed, a more dynamic way would be used where conceptions are discussed vis a vis the thinkers involved/selected. In the end hopefully we would be able to answer some of the questions we initially set out to answer: The paper forms apart of an ongoing research on conceptions of leadership in Islam.

Muslims living in non-Islamic lands,face numerous challenges. In that, they are likely to be subjected to persecution and they would, therefore, suffer from lack of means to assert their existence and multi-facet development. In this circumstance, Muslims 'needs and their expectations are to be met through Islamic systems and intuitions. With these arguments in view, the mosque as a prime intuition of Islam, can play the leadership role in accomplish growth and development in all aspects of Muslim life. The first and ultimate duty for a mosque leadership is to articulate its mission, which implies reasons,for its existence and responsibilities towards the stakeholders (jama'at). The central objective of the study is to provide in depth theoretical discussion on the mission of mosques. For this purpose, the Islamic textual sources, prophetic model and historical accounts were interpreted in order to conceptualize the mosque in Islam. It is followed by a serious criticism made on the opinion about the mosque as merely a house of worship. The Islamic concept of mosque derived from the discussion advocates a compelling mission ,for the mosque in order to lead the community for a holistic development of its jama'at considering of their context they are living as minorities. Ideally, this mission helps set strategic planning of the mosque and guides its actions and functions.

Now competent managers are one of the most important factors in organization successfulness whether in public sector or private. So have been increased researches in field of managerial competencies in recent decades. This research designed with aim of attainment to competency model of Iranian public administers. The first with investigate on literature with regard to carried out researches in competences in public and private sector emphasized on competency concept and then used grounded theory approach ,for capture a rigorous and scientific model. In the first stage of grounded theory is that open coding, 22 vol text of Sahifah (consist of lmam Khomeini speeches and writings) codified and in the axial coding stage after capturing main categories and subcategories presented competency model of Iranian public administers in based of Imam 'Sahifah . Validity and reliability test carried out by expertise in relevant fields also. At result competency model of Iranian public administers consist of seven main category which each category have subcategories. Theses main competencies are Sewing, Being Islamic, and being with people, non attention to self-interest, accountability, personal competencies. Finally in the selective coding stage, Serving generated as a core category of competency model and core competency of Iranian public administers.

Idea good governance dilahirkan di barat sebagai implikasi terhadap gabungan beberapa teori politik pemerintahan yang digagaskan ahli falsafah mereka daripada zaman Yunani. Regunya ialah idea-idea Islami tentang ha1 pemerintahan yang baik. Islam telah menawarkan alternatif terhadap sebarang bentuk idea-idea yang didatangkan oleh peradaban barat, untuk melengkapkan usaha pemikiran yang telah digerakkan oleh pemikir mereka. Alum Melayu menerima manfaat paling besar apabila kemasukan Islam. Lahirnya tamadun dun tokoh-tokoh ternama, didukung oleh Islam yang membawa bersamanya cahaya pengetahuan. Raja Ali Haji adalah sebahagian daripada tokoh yang lahir daripada zaman keemasan tamadun Melayu-Islam. Tanpa perlu belajar ilmu-ilmu barat, Raja Ali Haji telah menyajikan sentuhan 'syarak mengata, adat menurut' dalam tulisannya tentang bagaimana sesebuah pemerintahan yang baik dan seimbang mampu dibina. Syarak adalah peraturan dun ketetapan Khaliq yang tuntas, manakala adat adalah perkara cabang yang boleh diijtihadkan dalam usaha "membaik-baik negeri " dun menjaga keseimbangan hubungan negara, raja dan rakyat. Beliau menekankan mengenai pemimpin dan kepimpinan yang perlu bersikap adil dalam berhukum mengikut tuntutan syariat dun menganjurkan kepentingan ilmu, pembinaan sahsiah rohani, rajin dun sikap terpuji lain. Raja Ali Haji mewakili peribadi pemimpin yang ideal atas kedudukannya sebagai ulama dun umara dalam sebuah negeri Melayu yang masyur. Kepimpinannya bertapakkan Islam sebagai dasar pautan disamping berintegrasi dengan nilai-nilai adat kelaziman bagi membangunkan sebuah idea pemerintahan yang baik dun wasatiyyah dalam memelihara hubungan antara Tuhan, manusia, alam dan negara.

Islam is a religion that has been marked by human civilization. The reality shows the researcher and scientist, that Islamic civilization derived all its components, and elements of its existence, and the reasons for development and prosperity of Islam. This fact coupled with a suitable and favorable culture of seeking knowledge, resulted in the flourish and growth in all disciplines of science. In addition to that, many Caliphs strives to create a conducive environment for scholars and scientists to work, and rewarded innovative scholars generously. This paper will examine the evolution of Al-Razi to the modern science being the first physician in human history who described in details the symptoms and signs of smallpox and measles based on clinical examination, and he was the,first who distinguished between these two diseases by putting what is called now the differential diagnosis. This paper will focus on Al-Razi h Book on Smallpox and Measles (Kitab al-Jadari wa 'I-Hasba), the Scientific Value of the Book, how the smallpox and measles diseases were dealt with by a/-Razi in several of his medical works, as shown in Al-Hawi fi '1-Tibb, A treatise on pediatric diseases (Risala fi amradh al-aftal wa 'I- 'ianaya bhihim), and the effect of al-Razi concepts related to smallpox and measles on the physicians after him. Finally, this paper will show the great impact of Muslim scholars in evolution of Modern science.

Di antara perkara yang dititik beratkan di dalam sesebuah institusi kepimpinan ialah etika. Penulisan ini mempersembahkan teori etika kepimpinan menurut pandangan al-Mawardi menerusi bukunya "Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyyah Wa Al- Wilayat Al-Diniyyah ". la merupakan satu cetusan idea yang sangat menarik bagi membentuk sebuah institusi kepimpinan yang cemerlang dan gemilang. Perbincangan menjuruskan kepada beberapa aspek penting seperti tugasan yang perlu ditunaikan, karakter dan ciri-ciri seorang pemimpin dan nilai etika bagi mencorakkan seorang pemimpin yang berwibawa dan berkarisma.

This paper is a preliminary study on the concept of Islamic creative thinking through the life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). This study is aimed to reassess the creativity of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) specially in political and statesmen point of view. This study also aimed to highlight his creativity in diplomacy, conflict resolution and international affairs. The study employed qualitative method with content analysis approach by evaluating on necessary and relevant reports, articles and texts. It is hoped that this preliminary paper will provide a distinctive perspective on the concept of creativity and innovation and its necessity in contemporary Islamic political approach which should be considered as an important characteristics for both modern Islamic and western worlds.

Kepimpinan merupakan elemen penting dalam menentukan halatuju dun kejayaan sesebuah organisasi dan negara. Oleh yang demikian, pelbagai negara dan organisasi di dunia pada hari ini menubuhkan institut serta pusat pembangunan kepimpinan bagi melahirkan pemimpin yang kompetan untuk memimpin organisasi dan negara. Walaupun pelbagai usaha telah dilaksanakan untuk melahirkan pemimpin yang berketerampilan melalui pelbagai strategi latihan dan program pembangunan kepimpinan, namun dunia masih menyaksikan kegagalan pemimpin menerajui organisasi dan Negara yang didedahkan oleh pelbagai media. Pada masa yang sama, kita juga menyaksikan pemimpin-pemimpin yang terlibat dengan isu-isu moral dan integriti. Lebih menyedihkan isu-isu yang agak memalukan ini juga melibatkan pemimpin dari dunia Islam. Padahal Islam dengan jelas menggariskan kepimpinan merupakan satu amanah dan bukannya satu kedudukan untuk kepentingan diri. Fenomena ini menimbulkan persoalan adakah program pembangunan kepimpinan tidak begitu berkesan untuk melahirkan pemimpin yang berintegriti serta cekap bagi mengemudi organisasi dan negara. Menyedari isu-isu moral yang melibatkan pemimpin sangat berkait rapat dengan integriti, maka kertas konsep ini mengemukakan kerangka integriti bagi kepimpinan Islam. Melalui kertas ini, penulis mencadangkan supaya integriti yang berpaksikan Islam menjadi dasar kepada kepimpinan Islam seperti yang pernah ditunjukkan oleh kepimpinan Rasulullah SAW. Kertas ini juga mencadangkan agar kerangka integriti menjadi asas kepada perencanaan program pembangunan kepimpinan atau lebih dikenali sebagai Leadership Development Program (LDP).

A rich tapestry of Islamic scholarship and Islamic leadership intricately entwined with Islamic knowledge culture and Islamic knowledge management has never ceased to fascinate the present day Islamic educationists and researchers. One of the most distinguished features of Islamic education that has existed for the last fourteen centuries is free education in its purest meaning. The rich and the poor were provided with equal opportunity to acquire the highest order of Islamic knowledge. This profoundly beautiful Islamic culture has witnessed the emergence of some of the brightest intellectual luminaries of the Islamic world in the like of al-Ghazali, al-Biruni, al-Razi and al-Farabi. In a similar line of thought, the Islamic education of days gone by had seen the establishment of world renowned Islamic universities besides encouraging the love for books to the point of building a number of famous libraries for the collection of Islamic books and manuscripts.

This qualitative case study is designed to explore the application of basic counseling skills for beginning counselor (BC). Eleven counseling students participated in this study which comprised of eight second year students as mentees and three third year students as mentors. The objective of this study is to explore the application of basic counseling skills in conducting individual counseling sessions with the client from first year counseling students. Content analysis was used to identify themes from two documents based on transcriptions of counseling sessions and self reflection journals. The theme emerges from the analysis of data shown the strength and weaknesses of BC applying basic counseling skills. This study has implications for professional development of counseling students including; (1) The role of peer mentor which provides emotional and professional support to BC (2) peer mentoring and coaching project enhance self-efficacy, and (3) continuous development of self-efficacy and competency for BC. Future study suggests an intervention for both mentors and mentee in order to enhance professional competency of counseling Future studies are recommended to include group counseling which involve first year counseling student as member of the group counseling. Finally, this study proposes to develop module of coaching and mentoring for beginning counselor.

The study examines on innovating "spiritually competent" counselors and its issues and concerns. It also deals on how spirituality and religiosity can be integrated into clinical practice and further used for personal spiritual growth. This study is based on a qualitative research, looking into the importance of spiritual and/or religious beliefs to the physical and mental health of counselors and clients. Discussions of the paper will also consider how counselors should be creative and innovative in handling conflicts between conventional social values and laws and religious beliefs. The importance of training and curriculum and a more standardization of the curricular experiences for counseling students are warranted in preparing them as "spiritually competent" counselors.

Man, who is history has often suffered from injustice and oppression, has always dreamed of equality locally; as well as globally. Indeed, people have been struggled for it in bygone, but usually found it only in the boob of philosophers. In relation to this, it can be observed that it was like a mirage which vanishes as you approach it. In fact, it is undeniably true that women also face a greater discrimination in employment, and proactive initiatives must be taken to ensure that they do not persistently to be exploited. In relation to this, spec$c steps should be taken to help women workers in struggling for their rights respectively. Thus, this paper is aimed at analyzing the issue of gender discrimination at the workplace; focusing.from the international legal framework; as well as ,from the Islamic approach. This paper also shall look into the roles and.functions of International Labor Organization (ILO) as the "guardian" of the workers; with regards to their protection of rights of women and welfare holistically. It is hoped that throughout this paper; a better understanding could be achieved pertaining to the sign@cant and unique position of women as a part of the vital component of organizational success respectively.

Latihan penyediaan kaunselor seperti Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) perlu memberi perhatian yang serius dalam memastikan latihan penyediaan kaunselornya bermutu tinggi, berkepimpinan dan dapat memenuhi syarat-syarat keprofesionalisme dalam bidang kaunseling. Perancangan yang rapi dari sudut kurikulum pengajaran, pemilihan calon, taraf kelayakan pensyarah, syarat minimun kelayakan, kemudahan latihan, tempoh masa latihan dan juga ijazah yang ditawarkan perlu disediakan oleh institusi terlibat. Latihan penyediaan kaunselor juga bertujuan untuk menyediakan kaunselor yang tinggi kualiti kepimpinannya disamping memenuhi syarat keprofesionalisme. Kertas kerja ini melihat latihan penyediaan kaunselor Program Kaunseling, Fakulti Kepimpinan dun Pengurusan USIM yang membentuk ciri kepimpinan pelajarnya. Selain itu, kertas kerja ini melihat latihan penyediaan kaunselor yang rapi dari sudut kurikulum pengajaran, pemilihan calon, taraf kelayakan pensyarah, syarat minimun kelayakan, kemudahan latihan, tempoh masa latihan dan juga ijazah yang ditawarkan.

Makalah ini bertujuan menelitiperintah Allah ke atas para pemerintah untuk mengutip zakat daripada golongan yang layak serta membahaskan aplikasi dan kaedah penguatkuasaan zakat yang menjadi amalan pemerintah Islam sejak di zaman Nabi Muhammad s.a.w, para khulafa' al-rashidin serta beberapa pemerintahan Islam selepasnya. Aspek utama yang akan dibincangkan adalah pendekatan yang digunakan para pemerintah kerajaan Islam tersebut dalam mengurus dan mengumpul harta zakat daripada masyarakat Islam; adakah tertumpu melalui kaedah dakwah dan penerangan semata-mata ataupun melalui kaedah-kaedah lain yang lebih tegas. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif menggunakan metode kajian analisa kandungan bagi mengumpulkan maklumat berkenaan perintah Allah ke atas pemerintah untuk memungut zakat. Kaedah ini juga digunakan untuk mendapatkan data berkaitan amalan penguatkuasaan zakat ketika zaman kegemilangan pemerintahan Islam bermula sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad s.a.w sehingga ke beberapa zaman pemerintah Islam selepas kewafatan baginda. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa pendekatan pendidikan dan dakwah diaplikasikan oleh para pemerintah Islam terdahulu ketika umat Islam masih menjadi golongan minoriti iaitu ketika zaman awal kedatangan agama tersebut. Manakala kaedah masyhur yang seringkali digunakan oleh Nabi Muhammad s.a.w dan beberapa pemerintah Islam selepasnya adalah melalui penguatkuasaan lebih tegas iaitu mengutuskan amil untuk mengutip zakat secara langsung daripada masyarakat Islam dan bertindak tegas terhadap golongan yang enggan menunaikan zakat.

Psikologi adalah salah satu cabang ilmu yang bercambah dari ilmu falsafah. Walau bagaimanapun psikologi juga bukan tergolong dalam cabang ilmu sains hayat atau sains tulen. Ini kerana psikologi mengambil cebisan dari kedua-dua bidang ilmu ini. Bidang ini telah lama berkembang sejak zaman kegemilangan tamadun purba Mesic Greek, China dan India. Perkembangan ilmu psikologi kini dilihat kini semakin jauh dari penerapan awal ilmu ini oleh tamadun terdahulu yang menggunakan pendekatan untuk mendekatkan diri dengan Maha Pencipta. Tugas memurnikan dan mensucikan kembali pemikiran dan rohani mereka ini bukan sahaja terletak di bahu pemimpin dun pendakwah, malah ahli psikologi yang beragama Islam. Ini kerana kepakaran ahli psikologi Islam adalah amat penting dalam memperbetulkan kembali pemikiran dan konsep yang terdapat dalam ilmu psikologi kini. Malah Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. sendiri menggunakan pendekatan psikologi dalam penyebaran dakwahnya dengan wahyu Allah s.w.t. Ini dapat dijelaskan dengan keperibadian yang disenangi oleh kaum di Mekah dan diperlihatkan dalam fasa dan peringkat penyebaran itu sendiri secara bersembunyi hingga secara terang-terangan.Oleh yang demikian adalah penting ahli psikologi Islam kini memainkan peranan penting dalam pemurnian dan pembetulan konsep psikologi yang sedia ada. Ini kerana ilmu psikologi itu asanya adalah diperkembangkan oleh umat Islam itu sendiri.

The purpose of this research is to explore and examine the similarities and differences between the concepts of Servant Leadership (S-L) and Islamic Leadership (I-L) through identifying the characteristics of both concepts as represented in the literature. Data,for analysis were collected from three major secondary sources: the literature of Islamic Leadership (I-L), Servant Leadership (S-L), and General Leadership (G-L). The result of an approach based on hermeneutics and content analysis revealed that the concept of Servant Leadership (S-L) accords with Islamic Leadership (I-L) particularly in the aspect of how both of the concepts focus on the aspect ethical leadership. Moreover; based on the nineteen clusters of Islamic Leadership (I-L) designed to examine the ten characteristics of Servant Leadership (S-L) in the open and axial coding process, this research found that the ten characteristics of S-L accord with the nineteen clusters, except in five clusters: justice and equity; profit-orientation; moderation and balance; spiritual, religious, faith in God and piety; and coerciveness under certain circumstances with limitations. The differences have suggested that in general the literature of Servant Leadership (S-L) should be enriched with more ideas pertaining to other aspects of leadership, for example Islamic Leadership (I-L) besides those to do with organisational leadership, while the literature of Islamic Leadership (I-L) should be enriched with more information pertaining to contemporary leadership processes and contexts.

Personal problem that originated from family, financial and work place affairs can be main contributors to stressful life. The way people handle it depends to the stress retention level and the way they managing the stress. Hence, to experience and having stress is considered normal to every human. However in some cases stress become too pressurize, uncontrollable and damaging. This paper is to highlight how the researching info Islamic views and practice able to materialize the Islamic way in managing stress. The roles of religiosity no doubt play an important factor in stress solution. Therefore, the focal point of discussions throughout this paper are fortifies on belief and religiosity which proven as substantial remedy in Islam. Further emphasis will be given on the role of prayer (solat) for Muslim and how does it impact on helping to cope with the stressful condition.