2023 INPAC

The development of copyright legislation to keep up with technical breakthroughs was prompted by the direct impact of technology on copyright. Because the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 is out of date, it does not address this issue's regulation. The state of Palestine drafted a proposal for new copyright legislation that governs the copyright protection for digital works, but owing to the suspension of the parliament, it has not been authorized by the expert authorities. In order to reinforce a significant portion of the legislation, this study looks at issues related to copyright in digital works as they are outlined in the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 and the Palestine Copyright Draft (Proposal). The descriptive-analytical method is being used in this library-based study. The findings of this research indicate that the Palestine Copyright Act lacks copyright protection for digital works, while the Palestine Copyright Draft 2013 governs this issue to some extent. This study suggests that before the copyright draft is approved, changes need to be made, especially in regard to the issue of copyright protection requirements.

Eksploitasi paten bagi tujuan pengkomersialan boleh dilakukan melalui pelbagai cara, salah satunya ialah melalui pelesenan. Artikel ini membincangkan tentang pengkomersialan paten melalui pelesenan, jenis-jenis perjanjian lesen, klausa khusus perjanjian pelesenan paten dan undang-undang yang berkaitan dengannya. Kertas kerja ini menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan dengan menganalisis dokumen seperti Akta Paten 1983, Akta Kontrak 1950, Akta Persaingan 2010, jurnal, buku dan juga kes yang diputuskan Mahkamah berkaitan pelesenan paten. Hasil kajian mendapati walaupun pengkomersialan paten melalui pelesenan diperuntukkan dengan jelas di dalam Akta Paten 1983, namun masih terdapat isu dan cabaran yang perlu diatasi bagi memastikan pelesenan paten dapat dilaksanakan dengan jayanya

Jenayah kolar putih merupakan jenayah yang dilakukan oleh golongan atasan yang berjawatan tinggi dan berkedudukan tinggi dalam masyarkat. Secara umumnya, jenayah kolar putih terdiri daripada jenayah rasuah, penyelewengan wang dan pecah amanah. Walau bagaimanapun, dari segi kajian ilmiah, jenayah kolar putih ini terutamanya rasuah kurang diberi perhatian disebabkan ia adalah isu yang sensitif dan sukar mendapatkan maklumat terperinci. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenalpasti literatur atau kajian terdahulu yang telah dilakukan dari segi definisi rasuah, jenis-jenis dan bentuk rasuah, gejala dan faktor berlakunya jenayah rasuah serta cabaran yang dihadapi dalam usaha menangani jenayah rasuah di Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisa dokumen. Hasil kajian mendapati kajian mengenai keberkesanan undang-undang rasuah masih kurang dijalankan. Oleh itu, kajian lanjut mengenai keberkesanan penguatkuasaan undang-undang rasuah di Malaysia adalah perlu dilakukan untuk mengkaji tahap keberkesanan undang-undang tersebut.

Sustainable solid waste management contributes to three important aspects of sustainable development, namely, the environment, and economics, and social well-being. Electronic waste (also known as e-waste) is a type of household hazardous waste that will contribute to environmental pollution if it is managed unsustainably, as its disposal in landfills will contribute toxic substances to the landfill leachate, which subsequently could adversely affect the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the sustainable household e-waste management in Malaysia from a legal perspective by employing library research methodology. The lack of a legislation in respect of household e-waste management is identified as one of the challenges, which has caused difficulty in managing household e-waste. Hence, there is a need to improve the existing legal framework to enhance the sustainable management of household e-waste in Malaysia.

It is agreed that the property right is one of the sacred rights guaranteed by the Islamic sharī'ah for individuals and bodies, but this right is not absolute, but it is permissible for the state in some cases to take the property from its owner by coercion in the event of a public interest that is achieved by taking the property from its owners and the owner's refusal to sell the property to the state by mutual consent. Since the state bears the responsibility for achieving the public interest and protection it, it must take the private property from its owners to achieve the public interests of society, and although some may see the expropriation of the private property to achieve the public interest as exceeded and infringed the right of the property to individuals and an attack on one of the five purposes for sharī'ah which is save property, but it is possible to infer the legitimacy of this behavior by reviewing and analyzing the prophetic Sunnah represented by the actions of the Prophet, PBUH, and taking the ownership of others to achieve public interest, in addition to the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs after him and the equivalent caliphs from their pledge who followed the guidance The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and talked some of the properties from their owners to achieve the public interests of society. It is also possible to infer the legitimacy of this behavior by researching the position of the four Sunni schools from taking the private property from its owner to achieve the public interest in addition to the application of some jurisprudential and fundamentalist rules to this behavior. The aim of this study is to clarify the concept of taking the private property to achieve public interest, and to explain the position of the Islamic Sharia from this behavior.