This study seeks to develop a roadmap for (Human Resource Management [HRM] in Small and Medium Size [SMEs]) using bibliometric analysis techniques. It also seeks to examine elements have affected HRM in last two decades. The study examined 612 of 825 documents from Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis comprises three primary techniques such as performance analysis, science mapping, and network analysis. We utilize VOSviewer software to examine authorship, co-occurrence, co-citations, and thematic mapping. Based on results obtained, 2023 is most productive year with 104 publications. Surya, Batara has got the most influential author based on total citation, and University of Lincoln, UK, is most prominent organization. Additionally, USA is most influential country. “Sustainability (Switzerland)” is most influential journal in its category. Furthermore, top cited article, A structured review of Lean Six Sigma in various industrial sectors. This study has found five themes’ clusters of “human resource management practices in small and medium sized enterprises.”

This article explores the English language reform carried out by the Seroja Technical Group of Colleges (STC) in accordance with the English Language Education Reform in Malaysia: The Roadmap 2015-2025. This article specifically intends to examine the affordances and limitations encountered by STC lecturers in implementing the English language reform initiative. This research project is a component of a broader study that employed a concurrent mixed method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. The paper's discussion focuses on data obtained from the qualitative component of the inquiry. The study was carried out at STC, a group of TVET institutions that is actively aiming for making English as one of the primary instructional languages. The participants of the study were 10 technical lecturers from STC. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews . The data was subsequently transcribed and categorized and subsequently organized into meaningful themes. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that STC's endeavours to reform the English language have achieved a moderate level of success, as the language is effectively integrated into teaching and learning practices, classroom resources, and teacher-student interactions. Nevertheless, the data also indicates that the lecturers encountered difficulties in properly implementing the strategy as a result of students' backgrounds and other situational considerations. Ultimately, the lecturers employed a contextualized strategy to accomplish the policy objectives. The results of this study are advantageous for policymakers and practitioners in reorganizing the English language at their institutions.

Identifying and comparing the tyre (rubber) threads are crucial in forensic investigations involving collision accidents and hit-and-run incidents. Focusing on improving the effectiveness of tyre classification and identification, the current study pioneered the utilisation of Raman spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA on 140 samples of light-motor vehicle (LMV) and heavy-motor vehicle (HMV) automobile tyres. All the spectral peaks were examined from the region of 400–2000 cm−1, which indicated the molecular vibrations of the tyre (rubber) composition. Meanwhile, the chemometric method of PLS-DA achieved a very highly accurate (99.4 %) classification between LMV and HMV samples. The model was further tested using 17 unknown samples (treated as blind samples). 94.1 % of these blind samples were accurately predicted into their respective classes. Following after 6 months period, the study proceeded to explore the application of the PLS-DA model in real settings using 12 different unknown samples after scratch on the road, which resulted in 83.3 % correct predictions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive on tyre classifications and source correspondence as a non-destructive approach to examine tyre rubber, yielding valuable insights for related crime scene investigations.

This qualitative study investigates how undergraduate students integrate artificial intelligence (AI) tools into their Final Year Project (FYP) literature review writing processes, addressing growing concerns about academic integrity and learning effectiveness in the age of AI. Through semi- structured interviews with students from Applied Linguistics and English Language programs, we conducted thematic analysis to examine AI integration practices, verification strategies, and ethical boundaries. Five major themes emerged: AI as organizational and discovery tool, cautious integration with human oversight, ethical boundaries and academic integrity, proportion and balance guidelines, and skills development concerns. Students demonstrated sophisticated understanding of AI limitations, employing rigorous verification strategies while using tools like Elicit, Claude, and ChatGPT primarily for structural organization, source discovery, and preliminary content support rather than direct writing. Participants established clear ethical guidelines, recommending 10-30% AI assistance with mandatory human synthesis and critical analysis. The study reveals that students recognize risks to research skill development from over- dependence while appreciating efficiency gains in organizational tasks. We propose a four-phase Human-AI Collaborative Model that balances technological efficiency with academic integrity, emphasizing transparency, verification, and human-controlled critical thinking. These findings inform best practices for ethical AI integration in academic writing and suggest that current students are developing healthy frameworks for responsible AI use that preserve educational value while enhancing research efficiency.

English proficiency is essential for Malaysian graduates to thrive in today’s competitive global job market and digital economy. At Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), graduating students are required to meet an English language proficiency exit requirement. They usually sit for Malaysian University English Test (MUET) or the University English Proficiency Test (UEPT). MUET is a national test while UEPT is an internal assessment, but both are aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Alongside these exams, Aptis is introduced as an alternative English proficiency test that is flexible, practical, and widely recognised by employers. Developed by the British Council, Aptis is a computer-based assessment that evaluates reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills, as well as grammar and vocabulary. It measures proficiency levels ranging from beginner (A1) to advanced (C), based on the CEFR framework. This study investigates the potential of Aptis as an alternative exit test for USIM students. Data were collected through document analysis, including test results and written feedback from 219 students. They were the third and final year students from seven faculties in USIM. The findings indicate strong student performance and highly positive experiences with Aptis. These results provide compelling justification for considering Aptis a viable alternative to existing English proficiency assessments

This paper reviews the techniques for optimization switching frequency used in Wireless power transfer (WPT). WPT is one of the most useful ways to transfer power. Based on distances power transfer, the WPT system can be divided into three categories, namely, near, medium, and far fields. Inductive coupling and capacitive coupling contactless techniques are used in the near-field WPT. Magnetic resonant coupling technique is used in the medium-field WPT. Electromagnetic radiation is used in the far-field WPT. From the comparison in this paper, a model and design algorithm to optimize switching frequency for energy encryption of medium field wireless power transfer system are purposed. The maximum value of the performance are suitable to compute the optimal circuit parameter by algorithm itself.

Introduction- Writing is a skill that amalgamates various knowledge like vocabulary, sentence structure, spelling, and grammar. ‘Carousel with a Destination’ (CwaD) is a concept that provides the students with the required knowledge which is to be pieced together in writing. Carousel refers to the stations arranged in a circle and each station offers different activities which are related to the chosen topic and skills for writing. In the case of this study, it was ‘Picnic’. Hence, the usual carousel that goes round and round now has a destination which is writing. Students go around the carousel to complete an activity related to the knowledge and skill in writing at each station. The activities are in variety and competitive in nature. The conceptual framework for CwaD combines Perceptual Learning Styles, Gamification, and Affective Filter. Purpose – This paper highlights CwaD - the project and more importantly, it discusses the concept of effective fun learning. Thus, to show its effectiveness, the paper puts forth a study as proof of the success of CwaD. Methodology – This study utilised a simple and direct pencil-paper questionnaire. The respondents were 56 year five students who participated in the project. The questionnaire consists of four dichotomous questions. The dichotomy is symbolised by a smiling face and a sad face. Further, three of the questions are accompanied by two short lines with questions like ‘Why’ and ‘What’. They are for the students to express themselves in detail using words they know. Findings – There are three findings that can be shared. Firstly, the students really enjoyed participating in the project. It was discovered that all of them circled a smiling face for each of the four questions. Secondly, the writing they produced was good as they used the vocabulary, the paragraph structure and correct grammar which they just learnt at the carousel stations. Thirdly, the words they chose to express themselves in the questionnaire reflect the elements that they like about CwaD – either regarding the activities, the teachers or the ‘learning’ itself. All the words are positively-connotated. Significance – CwaD is sustainable in terms of scalability where it can be conducted for any subject and for any number of students. It is beneficial as an introduction or as a recapitulation of any topic.

After Leo Esaki had reported the first tunnel diode in the early of 1960, there are development of Asymmetric Spacer Tunnel (ASPAT) diode. This device appears to have unique I-V characteristic, where it has zero turn on bias with minimum leakage current. Hence, with respects to this unique characteristics, this study will perform the physical modelling of Gallium Arsenide/ Aluminium Arsenide (GaAs/AlAs) of single barrier asymmetric spacer tunnel diode in COMSOL by considering all the parameters involved in designing the device such as the dimensions of ASPAT, the concentration, materials and numerical modelling involved. These parameters are significant in the calculation of current density when the device being applied with external voltage. At the end of this study, the I-V characteristics of ASPAT in COMSOL will be analysed and compared with the reported I-V characteristics of ASPAT diode in SILVACO to determine either it is reciprocated in terms of zero voltage switching and minimum reverse bias.

This study aims to develop a disinfection chamber that is portable and equipped with an automatics disinfectant spray system. The automatic disinfection chamber works by implementing a mechatronics system design which involves the use of the sensor, controller, and actuator. Firstly, an ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the presence of a user at the entrance of the chamber. Then, a microcontroller that acts as a brain to the system processes the sensor reading and produces an electrical signal to activate the water pump (actuator). This allows the water pump to channel the disinfectant solution from the tank to the spray nozzle for the human disinfection procedure. The proposed disinfection chamber has several advantages including automatic operation with minimal human intervention, as well as a modular design for easy transportation and assembly.

Islamic Law, Halal Standards and Acts, Halal Science, Halal Management and Health Implications are some of the elements that make up the idea of Halal Forensics. A product's halal status can be ascertained by combining these components, which work in concert with one another. It integrates Forensic Science and Syariah as the foundation for the development. Halal Forensic would help in many ways and cover a wide range of subjects. The halal status of a specific product was also significantly impacted by Halal Integrity. Despite blockchain technology's development, Halal Integrity still faces hundreds of hurdles to maintain its integrity. The raw material and ingredients still need to be ensured scientifically to get strong and accurate evidence compliance with syariah explanation. Thus, this study therefore intends to address the relationship between Halal Forensic and Halal Integrity, how Halal Forensic's role will impact Halal Integrity and recommendations for an action plan to strengthen Halal Integrity through Halal Forensic.

Evolusi fatwa zakat di Malaysia memperlihatkan keanjalan ijtihad dalam menyesuaikan hukum dengan perubahan bentuk harta, tuntutan masyarakat, serta kemajuan teknologi. Kajian ini menilai bagaimana evolusi fatwa menyokong kelestarian institusi zakat sebagai instrumen pembangunan sosioekonomi umat Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen yang melibatkan teks fatwa negeri dan kebangsaan, enakmen pentadbiran agama Islam, laporan institusi zakat serta literatur berwasit. Dapatan menunjukkan empat fasa utama perkembangan: tradisional, institusionalisasi, pemodenan/diversifikasi, dan kelestarian/digitalisasi. Evolusi fatwa telah memperluas asas kutipan (seperti pendapatan, KWSP, saham, dan aset digital), menambah baik mekanisme pembayaran (potongan gaji, perbankan atas talian, aplikasi mudah alih), serta mengukuhkan legitimasi agihan berorientasikan pembangunan asnaf. Walau bagaimanapun, perbezaan fatwa antara negeri, tahap literasi zakat yang tidak seimbang, dan risiko integriti digital kekal sebagai cabaran. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa fatwa yang progresif, digabungkan dengan tadbir urus profesional dan pendidikan masyarakat, merupakan prasyarat penting untuk menjamin kelestarian institusi zakat di Malaysia.

This participatory action research (PAR) study explores how mental well-being awareness and enactment can be fostered through ESL writing instruction at a Malaysian university. Addressing affective barriers, stigma, and limited access to mental wellbeing support, the study co-designed well-being–infused ESL writing lessons using PERMA+ principles. Eleven undergraduates and two expert collaborators participated across two PAR cycles over seven weeks. Qualitative data from focus groups, reflective journals, observations, and classroom artefacts were thematically analysed. Findings indicate enhanced emotional awareness, reduced writing anxiety, improved engagement, and reported transfer of well-being practices beyond the classroom. The study demonstrates that embedding well-being within language instruction offers a sustainable, culturally responsive model for supporting student flourishing through everyday pedagogy.

Selain bidang Al Quran, Hadis, Akidah, Feqah, Tamadun Islam dan bidang Akhlak Islamiyah, Sirah merupakan salah satu bidang yang penting dalam silibus mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Islam di peringkat sekolah rendah dan menengah di Malaysia. Keperluan untuk memahami dan mengingati peristiwa-peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan Nabi Muhammad SAW yang agak menyeluruh mungkin menyukarkan pelajar sekiranya hanya membaca dan menghafal. Oleh itu, menggunakan diorama sebagai kaedah inovasi alat pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Islam adalah strategi yang berkesan untuk meningkatkan penglibatan dan pemahaman pelajar. Diorama membolehkan pelajar memvisualisasikan dan berinteraksi dengan bahan pembelajaran dalam format tiga dimensi, menjadikan konsep-konsep abstrak lebih nyata dan mudah difahami. Pendekatan praktikal ini bukan sahaja membantu dalam menghafal, tetapi juga menggalakkan kreativiti, kemahiran motor, dan pembelajaran secara kolaboratif. Dengan melibatkan pelajar dalam proses mencipta diorama—melalui aktiviti seperti mewarna, memotong, dan menampal—mereka akan menggunakan pelbagai deria dan proses kognitif, yang boleh membawa kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam terhadap bahan pembelajaran. Hasil kajian atas penggunaan diorama serta Latihan pengukuhan dalam kelas Tingkatan 1 sebagai kaedah inovasi telah membuktikan pelajar lebih mudah memahami bidang Sirah (Tajuk: Riwayat Hidup Nabi Muhammad) serta proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran matapelajaran Pendidikan Islam jadi lebih menyeronokkan.

The aim of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented food, to determine its antibacterial activity, and to identify the LAB in order to select candidate probiotic strains for preventing caries. The probiotic strains were isolated from eight fermented food which are tapai ubi, tapai pulut, rebung, tauchu, kimchi, incalok, tempeh and tempoyak, taucu. Ten-fold serial dilutions of the fermented food samples were made in sterile peptone water before plating on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. The pure cultures were then randomly picked and biochemically identified. Then, the antibacterial activity of LAB against Streptococcus mutans was assessed by using the disk diffusion method. A total of 120 LAB were isolated from eight different fermented foods. The morphologies of the isolates were circular, convex, dull opaque white or translucent white. Gram staining identification showed that the isolates were Gram-positive rods. Of the 120 LAB isolates, five strains displayed moderate to strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans with the inhibition zones ranging from 7- 12 mm. The antibacterial activity demonstrated from LAB isolated from fermented foods suggests that the isolates from fermented foods possess antibacterial properties against a pathogen which responsible for causing dental caries. These strains are currently investigated in depth to assess whether they can be fully characterized as probiotics.

The aim of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented food, to determine its antibacterial activity, and to identify the LAB in order to select candidate probiotic strains for preventing caries. The probiotic strains were isolated from eight fermented food which are tapai ubi, tapai pulut, rebung, tauchu, kimchi, cincalok, tempeh and tempoyak, taucu. Ten-fold serial dilutions of the fermented food samples were made in sterile peptone water before plating on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar. The pure cultures were then randomly picked and biochemically identified. Then, the antibacterial activity of LAB against Streptococcus mutans was assessed by using the disk diffusion method. A total of 120 LAB were isolated from eight different fermented foods. The morphologies of the isolates were circular, convex, dull opaque white or translucent white. Gram staining identification showed that the isolates were Gram-positive rods. Of the 120 LAB isolates, five strains displayed moderate to strong antibacterial activity against S. mutans with the inhibition zones ranging from 7-12 mm. The antibacterial activity demonstrated from LAB isolated from fermented foods suggests that the isolates from fermented foods possess antibacterial properties against a pathogen which responsible for causing dental caries. These strains are currently investigated in depth to assess whether they can be fully characterized as probiotics. 2020

In Malaysia, English language education plays a special role as both a tool for global communication and a way to support national development. This paper explores how English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching can be re-envisioned through the combined lenses of sustainability and social responsibility. Using the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the discussion shows how classrooms can tackle broader issues like equity in education, intercultural understanding, and moral engagement with global challenges. Instead of focusing only on language skills, this view highlights the importance of language education in developing socially responsible citizens who can think critically and engage actively in a multicultural society. Situated within the reform priorities of the Malaysia Education Blueprint (MEB) 2026 - 2036, this paper argues that language education should align with national aspirations for inclusivity, balanced bilingualism, and future-readiness. The Malaysian context, with its mix of languages and changing educational priorities, is a great place to integrate sustainability into language teaching. This paper contends that by adjusting teaching to include sustainability principles, educators can create new opportunities for curriculum innovation, teacher training, and national policy direction, ultimately making language learning a key driver of personal growth and social progress.

This paper discusses readings on Malay cultural identities in the Malaysian context. While previous research on Malay cultural identity has presented a broad understanding, this paper attempts to frame this discussion based on three perspectives- elite constructions, socio-cultural worldviews, and resistance to the Malay world. By placing Malay cultural identities in relation to the Malaysian context, it explores the dynamics concerning what is distinctive and worthwhile about Malay cultural identities. In addition, this study forms some of the bases for a renewed understanding and interests on Malay cultural identities in light of the burgeoning industries of popular TV fiction.

Writing is a skill that amalgamates various knowledge like vocabulary, sentence structure, spelling, and grammar. ‘Carousel with a Destination’ (CwaD) is a concept that provides the students with the required knowledge which is to be pieced together in writing. Carousel refers to the stations arranged in a circle and each station offers different activities which are related to the chosen topic and skills for writing. This paper highlights CwaD - the project and more importantly, it discusses the concept of effective fun learning. Thus, to show its effectiveness, the paper puts forth a study as proof of the success of CwaD. This study utilised a simple and direct pencil-paper questionnaire. The respondents were 56 year five students who participated in the project. There are three findings that can be shared. Firstly, the students really enjoyed participating in the project. Secondly, the writing they produced was good as they used the vocabulary, the paragraph structure and correct grammar which they just learnt at the carousel stations. Thirdly, the words they chose to express themselves in the open-ended part of the questionnaire reflect the elements that they like about CwaD – either regarding the activities, the teachers or the ‘learning’ itself. All the words are positively-connotated. CwaD is sustainable in terms of scalability where it can be conducted for any subject and for any number of students. It is beneficial as an introduction or as a recapitulation of any topic.

Gangguan dalam rantaian bekalan ternakan memberi kesan besar terhadap kelestarian sektor penternakan negara. Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan satu model gangguan yang komprehensif dalam pengurusan rantaian bekalan ternakan di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan reka bentuk model secara sistematik yang merangkumi enam fasa utama, termasuk pembangunan dan pengesahan model melalui teknik Mini Delphi. Data dikumpul melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada 300 responden dalam industri penternakan. Hasil kajian mengenal pasti sepuluh konstruk utama yang memberi kesan langsung terhadap gangguan, antaranya proses penternakan, kewangan, teknologi, pengangkutan, dan pematuhan syariah. Model yang dibangunkan dapat membantu penternak dan pemegang taruh mengenal pasti serta meminimumkan gangguan dalam rantaian bekalan, seterusnya menyokong agenda kerajaan dalam memperkasa sektor penternakan negara.

Usahawan memainkan peranan penting dalam ekonomi global yang berubah dengan pantas. Untuk menjadi seorang usahawan berjaya dalam dunia perniagaan yang semakin kompetitif, ilmu menjadi asas yang sangat penting. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peranan ilmu dalam membentuk kejayaan seorang usahawan dalam kalangan murid Kolej PERMATA Insan. Selain itu, kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan dan kompetensi dengan pencapaian usahawan dalam perniagaan. Data dianalisis secara manual melalui kaedah tematik. Dapatan kajian mendapati, informan kajian bersetuju ilmu pengetahuan mampu dan penting dalam pembentukan kemenjadian dan kejayaan seorang usahawan dalam bidang perniagaan. Hasil kajian ini memberi sumbangan kepada institusi dalam merangka program yang sesuai kepada ahli kelab usahawan muda, Kolej PERMATA Insan. Akhirnya, kajian ini menekankan bahawa usahawan perlu berusaha untuk terus meningkatkan ilmu dan kompetensi mereka sebagai satu strategi penting untuk mencapai kejayaan dalam dunia perniagaan yang sentiasa berubah.