This article explores the English language reform carried out by the Seroja Technical Group of Colleges (STC) in accordance with the English Language Education Reform in Malaysia: The Roadmap 2015-2025. This article specifically intends to examine the affordances and limitations encountered by STC lecturers in implementing the English language reform initiative. This research project is a component of a broader study that employed a concurrent mixed method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative data. The paper's discussion focuses on data obtained from the qualitative component of the inquiry. The study was carried out at STC, a group of TVET institutions that is actively aiming for making English as one of the primary instructional languages. The participants of the study were 10 technical lecturers from STC. The data collection method was semi-structured interviews . The data was subsequently transcribed and categorized and subsequently organized into meaningful themes. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings indicate that STC's endeavours to reform the English language have achieved a moderate level of success, as the language is effectively integrated into teaching and learning practices, classroom resources, and teacher-student interactions. Nevertheless, the data also indicates that the lecturers encountered difficulties in properly implementing the strategy as a result of students' backgrounds and other situational considerations. Ultimately, the lecturers employed a contextualized strategy to accomplish the policy objectives. The results of this study are advantageous for policymakers and practitioners in reorganizing the English language at their institutions.

This research discusses an application of Couple-Charge Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system. Tomography is a system that could capture a cross-sectional image based on sensor data scattered across the periphery of the examining device in non-invasive and non-intrusive framework. This project is focusing on how to quantify the level of object transparency based on CCD and mathematical modelling assessment. The objective of this project is to investigate the light refraction, reflection and absorption effect on object transparency. The study will include discussion on the light parameters and its mathematical expression. The voltage output measured by CCD defines the degree of intensity of light that is obtained after penetrating through different object transparency. In conclusion, this research has successfully proved the potential of CCD in OPT configuration to detect different size diameter of targeted transparent object which is the air bubble in non-flowing crystal-clear liquid.

The aim of this study was to describe the acceptance of Kuala Lumpur Malay residents towards: i) treatment through rukyah (incantation), ii) traditional Malay healer (bomoh), and iii) learning of rukyah (incantation). For this purpose, 343 respondents from various backgrounds were identified using a convenient sampling technique. Taman Segambut SPPK and PPR Kg. Baru, Air Panas were randomly selected as research locations. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed as a descriptive statistic. Findings indicated that the level of acceptance towards the treatment through rukyah (incantation) and the Malay traditional healer (bomoh) was moderate. Meanwhile, the level of acceptance towards learning of rukyah (incantation) was low. In conclusion, the respondents were found to accept treatments done through rukyah (incantation) and the Malay traditional healer (bomoh) moderately, but they were less acceptence towards the learning of rukyah (incantation). These bring the implications that the respondents living in the city still accept treatments through rukyah (incantation) and the traditional Malay healer (bomoh) but they are not interested in the learning of rukyah (incantation). Thus, based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that efforts which give prestige to the rukyah (incantation) be supported by all parties to maintain the practice of the Islamic medicine.

This qualitative study investigates how undergraduate students integrate artificial intelligence (AI) tools into their Final Year Project (FYP) literature review writing processes, addressing growing concerns about academic integrity and learning effectiveness in the age of AI. Through semi- structured interviews with students from Applied Linguistics and English Language programs, we conducted thematic analysis to examine AI integration practices, verification strategies, and ethical boundaries. Five major themes emerged: AI as organizational and discovery tool, cautious integration with human oversight, ethical boundaries and academic integrity, proportion and balance guidelines, and skills development concerns. Students demonstrated sophisticated understanding of AI limitations, employing rigorous verification strategies while using tools like Elicit, Claude, and ChatGPT primarily for structural organization, source discovery, and preliminary content support rather than direct writing. Participants established clear ethical guidelines, recommending 10-30% AI assistance with mandatory human synthesis and critical analysis. The study reveals that students recognize risks to research skill development from over- dependence while appreciating efficiency gains in organizational tasks. We propose a four-phase Human-AI Collaborative Model that balances technological efficiency with academic integrity, emphasizing transparency, verification, and human-controlled critical thinking. These findings inform best practices for ethical AI integration in academic writing and suggest that current students are developing healthy frameworks for responsible AI use that preserve educational value while enhancing research efficiency.

Makalah ini membincangkan hasil analisis awal menurut pandangan pakar dalam mengenalpasti perbincangan sarjana Islam unggul, Ibnu Khaldun berkenaan karakteristik ‘asabiyyah yang menjadi faktor utama dalam Teori Kitaran beliau. Usaha ini bagi menangani kelompangan kajian terdahulu untuk merungkai secara sistematik, karakteristik yang ada dalam perbincangan ‘asabiyyah oleh Ibnu Khaldun. Sebagai analisis awal, pengkaji telah menjalankan kajian ke atas tiga orang pakar dalam pengkajian ilmu Ibnu Khaldun yang diperoleh secara temu bual mendalam dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil analisis awal mendapati terdapat empat karakteristik utama dalam konsep ‘asabiyyah Ibnu Khaldun, iaitu kekuatan agama, perkongsian tujuan dan nilai, melangkaui pertalian darah, bersifat positif dan berani mengajukan tuntutan. Justeru, kajian ini dapat menjadi sumber rujukan yang lebih sistematik dan tersusun dalam menjelaskan karakteristik ‘asabiyyah Ibnu Khaldun yang menjadi teras utama jatuh bangun sesebuah tamadun. Malahan dapatan kajian ini dapat mengangkat kerelevanan perbincangan yang menjangkau 600 tahun yang lampau untuk diaplikasikan kepada masyarakat heterogen yang unik dan pelbagai dalam peradaban masa kini.

Within the context of the Islamic religion, having Taqwa or the traits of righteousness is imperative because Taqwa reflects the level of a Muslim's faith. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to identify the traits of Takwa in surah Al-Baqara in the Holy Quran. The data for this study were obtained from verses in surah Al-Baqara. Purposive sampling was used to select the verses that contain the traits of Taqwa using an established tafseer (Quranic interpretation) in the Qurainic field as a guideline in marking the Taqwa traits in sampling the verses. Two experts in the field of Quranic tafseer validated the traits of Taqwa extracted from each selected verse. The data were analyzed using manifest and latent content analyses. The findings reveal 10 categories of traits of Taqwa which are tawheed, do good to others, performing solah, paying of zakat, honouring rights, repentance, doing good deeds, righteous communication, being grateful, being sincere, and recognition of the absoluteness of Allah's sovereignty. Sequential emphasis-based analysis was used to tabulate the reiteration of each trait of Taqwa in order to find out the trait that is most frequently emphasized in the form of reiteration. Among the Taqwa category traits, the major emphasis is on tawheed or believing the oneness of Allah. The findings help in enhancing the understanding and the meta-framework of the traits of Taqwa, which is particularly useful for non-scholarly Muslims in strengthening their Islamic faith in accordance to what is commanded in the Holy Quran.

English proficiency is essential for Malaysian graduates to thrive in today’s competitive global job market and digital economy. At Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), graduating students are required to meet an English language proficiency exit requirement. They usually sit for Malaysian University English Test (MUET) or the University English Proficiency Test (UEPT). MUET is a national test while UEPT is an internal assessment, but both are aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Alongside these exams, Aptis is introduced as an alternative English proficiency test that is flexible, practical, and widely recognised by employers. Developed by the British Council, Aptis is a computer-based assessment that evaluates reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills, as well as grammar and vocabulary. It measures proficiency levels ranging from beginner (A1) to advanced (C), based on the CEFR framework. This study investigates the potential of Aptis as an alternative exit test for USIM students. Data were collected through document analysis, including test results and written feedback from 219 students. They were the third and final year students from seven faculties in USIM. The findings indicate strong student performance and highly positive experiences with Aptis. These results provide compelling justification for considering Aptis a viable alternative to existing English proficiency assessments

Technology is a double-edged sword when it changes the way we perform everyday activities for the better. Unfortunately, misfits will always find new ways to misuse technology to facilitate their misdeeds. CCTV are great security measures that can be used to catch culprits in action, but other than banks, hospitals, shopping malls, academic institutes etc., a CCTV solution is beyond most household budgets and require continuous monitoring. Because mobile phones are the primary hand-held device, it is only logical to integrate these with a CCTV solution. Motion Detection Security System Notifier using Raspberry Pi with Telegram is as the name suggests. Using Raspberry Pi, a motion detection system is developed through the method of background subtraction, which works by subtracting the static from the background frame from the constantly changing foreground. The change of value in noise and pixel density between the background frame and the foreground indicates motion. Each time a motion is detected, the system will automatically send the frame to the user via Telegram to notify that there has been movement in the area as captured in the frames. A prototype is first developed in a virtual environment using VirtualBox software before running it on the Raspberry Pi. This paper will show the relevance of the project.

Endometriosis cyst or endometrium is commonly found in women with subfertility. Traditionally, medical technologies fail to detect the disease automatically and it is fully dependent on the doctors to determine the peritoneal disease where it may lead to inaccurate findings. A method of assessment may give more accurate detection without the need for surgical procedure, especially in monitoring disease recurrence. This will avoid surgical risk and will not delay the management. In this study, the feature description is developed using pattern recognition, involving image processing techniques; the ultrasonic images is used as input in which the region of interest of images, image segmentation, feature extraction are studied

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a lifetime developmental disorder usually identified by social interaction impairment, communication deficits, and repetitive behavior. The cases of children detected with ASD are rising globally, including Malaysia. Parents, as the prime caregiver to these children, face numerous challenges due to what is entailed in taking care of their children. This paper describes a case study where we examined the views and experience of three mothers, each of whom has an ASD child. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, after which they were transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The mothers narrated that the challenges they encountered include the difficulty they had in initially accepting their child’s diagnosis; labelling and discrimination; phase-based temporal challenges; endless physical, emotional, and mental sacrifices; finding the strength and patience to deal with the situation; academic vs. non-academic struggles, as well as their own coping mechanisms. This paper concludes with the need to provide support for parents-especially mothers-to enable them to overcome their challenges and focus on the development of their autistic children.

The phrase ‘asabiyya was profoundly foregrounded 600 years ago by Ibn Khaldun in his magnum opus, the Mukadimah, as the principal determinant to the rise and fall of a civilisation. Nevertheless, the debate on contemporary concepts such as nationalism, patriotism, national identity and sense of belonging are adopted in addressing statehood and nation which are deeply related to the discussion of Ibn Khaldun’s ‘asabiyya. Accordingly, this article presents the revisiting act of discussing Ibn Khaldun’s ‘asabiyya within contemporary notions. This article considers the views of scholars from the works of literature on the concepts of patriotism, nationalism, national identity and sense of belonging and these concepts were derived from Ibn Khaldun’s ‘asabiyya. Ergo, many scholars have recognised the contribution of Ibn Khaldun's ‘asabiyya, and it stays relevant in today’s contemporary concepts.

The rise of audio-based social platforms has transformed how individuals interact, network, and share information in real time. One of the most notable of these is Clubhouse, a drop-in voice conversation app that gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic. While originally marketed as a space for casual socializing, Clubhouse has evolved into a dynamic venue for professional discourse, collaborative learning, and community engagement (Chen et al., 2022). Functioning as an audio-based social media platform, Clubhouse enables users to engage in real-time voice conversations in virtual rooms, fostering spontaneous and meaningful interactions akin to a live podcast or networking event. Its unique format offers a sense of exclusivity through its initial invite-only model and appeals to users seeking immediate, authentic social exchange beyond traditional text or video platforms until today. This paper explores the core motivations driving users to participate on Clubhouse, including the desire for social belonging, access to diverse perspectives, opportunities for learning, and engagement with people from various backgrounds. Past research highlights how Clubhouse’s exclusivity and surprise elements enhance user engagement while fostering strong community bonds (Hult et al., 2021). Furthermore, the voice-centered nature of Clubhouse significantly influences how users communicate and build social connections, differentiating it from other social media platforms (Carroll et al., 2021). This paper highlights how Clubhouse redefines social networking by emphasizing voice as a medium for connection, self-expression, and community building in the digital age.

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menghuraikan definisi, konsep dan teori toleransi beragama. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kepustakaan. Toleransi adalah sikap atau tingkahlaku individu dari segi dalaman atau luaran. Toleransi dari segi dalaman seperti persepsi, prejudis dan stereotaip tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar, namun ia boleh berubah dan ditunjukkan melalui tingkah laku. Toleransi beragama pula boleh diertikan sebagai sikap atau tingkahlaku yang bersedia untuk menghormati dan membenarkan penganut agama lain mengamalkan agama masing-masing tanpa sebarang halangan selagi mana tidak menyentuh sensitiviti agama lain dan tidak melanggar batas syariat yang ditetapkan agama. Dari segi teori pula, artikel ini mengupas teori toleransi beragama menunrut sarjana Islam dan Barat.

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menghuraikan definisi, konsep dan teori toleransi beragama. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian kepustakaan. Toleransi adalah sikap atau tingkahlaku individu dari segi dalaman atau luaran. Toleransi dari segi dalaman seperti persepsi, prejudis dan stereotaip tidak dapat dilihat dengan mata kasar, namun ia boleh berubah dan ditunjukkan melalui tingkah laku. Toleransi beragama pula boleh diertikan sebagai sikap atau tingkahlaku yang bersedia untuk menghormati dan membenarkan penganut agama lain mengamalkan agama masing-masing tanpa sebarang halangan selagi mana tidak menyentuh sensitiviti agama lain dan tidak melanggar batas syariat yang ditetapkan agama. Dari segi teori pula, artikel ini mengupas teori toleransi beragama menunrut sarjana Islam dan Barat.

An all-optical demultiplexing of 40-Gb/s DPSK OTDM channels by using Raman-amplifier-soliton-compressor (RASC) flexible control-window is demonstrated. In comparison with other scheme, the function of RASC is not only as a control gate controller but also to amplify the signal with picosecond width-tunable output signal. Error free operation was achieved for the proposed all-optical 1:4 demultiplexer over all time demultiplexed 10 Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ)-differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals with less than 2-dB power penalties at 10(-9) bit-error-rate (BER). The experimental results show that this scheme is expected to be scalable toward higher bit-rates.

This article aims to highlight the insights of selected renowned Muslim scholars on the nature of good deeds. The article focuses on analysing spiritual insight of selected Muslim scholars towards the dual dimensions of good deeds, which is inner and outer or physical and spiritual. This article is library research which employs descriptive and analytical study. The article founds that these Muslim scholars affirms the existence of inner dimension of good deeds, and therefore, good deeds comprise of both inner and outer dimension. Both of these dimensions need to be observed accordingly. The balanced observance of these two dimensions of good deeds is critical in order to achieve its real purpose.

In adult refugees’ context, functional literacy is the biggest barrier for the refugees to socially navigate in the host community. Functional literacy is ‘the level of skill in listening, speaking, reading and writing that any individual needs in order to cope with adult life.’ Without functional literacy abilities in the language/s of the host country and uncertainties in the journey to resettlement, the refugees tend to become very vulnerable and traumatized. Thus, social navigation for survival becomes an issue not only because they have language barriers but also internal conflicts on the terrains of the imagined (the hopes) and the unexpected (the difficulties) they encounter in the host country. Employing both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, this study explored the current English language literacy ability of the Rohingya youth refugees and related challenges. Findings revealed that despite the keen interests the participants have in acquiring English language proficiency, the different alphabetical systems pose problems for them. Despite the challenges in language, the participants exhibited strong sense of brotherhood with other fellow refugees and willingness to extend assistance. Religion developed the powerful bond. Based on the empirical data gathered, a Functional Literacy Course was developed to address language issues embedded with Leadership as well as Islamic Psycho-spiritual elements.

Palestinian students in the occupied regions of Palestine are facing exceptional circumstances besides difficulties, unlike other neighboring countries in the world. These are due to the continuing occupation by Israel. This study, intended to find out English Language Education under Israeli Occupation through dramatization Method for the EFL students in Palestine. This study used a full qualitative method, the participants were eight students who had used drama as a technique in learning English language class. The researcher got the data from interviewing the students. The result of this study showed that the English Language Education under Israeli Occupation through dramatization method for the EFL students in Palestine dramatization method is effective in Learning English for Palestinian students. The results of interviews with eight students indicate that they have a positive perception of the dramatization method in learning English language class. Thus, the technique of dramatization examines their thoughts, memories, and responses, offering greater insights into this complex and disturbing situation due to conflict and occupation.

The role of English as a global lingua franca is increasingly significant in Malaysia, serving as a critical tool for accessing higher education, professional opportunities, and international communication. While Malaysia's educational landscape values multilingualism, the traditional Tahfiz system, which focuses on the memorisation and recitation of the Qur'an, predominantly uses Arabic and Malay as the primary languages of instruction. This emphasis often leaves Tahfiz students with limited proficiency in English, creating a potential barrier to their future academic and professional success in a globalised world. Despite this clear need, there is a notable research gap regarding the specific English language needs of this unique student population in Malaysia. This study addresses this gap by investigating the particular language requirements, challenges, and aspirations of Tahfiz students. As part of a larger study, preliminary data was gathered from a survey of 10 English language teachers at three Tahfiz schools in one Malaysian state. The findings reveal a significant need for a tailored English language curriculum that goes beyond general instruction to focus on practical communication skills relevant to academic and professional settings. This paper presents these initial findings and their implications for developing a more inclusive and effective educational framework. Ultimately, this research aims to inform the creation of a specialised English language module series designed to equip Tahfiz graduates with the necessary skills to thrive in a globalised society, thereby bridging the gap between their traditional education and modern demands

The national language is an assimilation instrument for fostering racial unity in a multi-ethnic society. Nonetheless, ethnocentrism always plays a crucial role in upholding the national language across ethnic groups in Malaysia. A study in Malaysian higher education institutions (HEI) was conducted on 407 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Selangor (UNISEL), and Multimedia University (MMU) using stratified random sampling to determine the differences in upholding the national language based on ethnic groups through three key dimensions, namely, i) fluency in speaking in the national language, ii) recognition of the importance of the national language, and iii) sophistication in the use of the national language. The results showed that there were significant differences in the upholding of the national language among the various ethnic groups. It was found that the Chinese students do not uphold the national language as much as the Malay and Indian students. This indicates that ethnicity plays a major role in determining the future of upholding the national language as the language of Malaysia. As Malaysian citizenship, ethnocentrism toward language should be managed to ensure assimilation of a multi-ethnic society through the most important medium, the Malay language as the national language of Malaysia.   Abstrak: Bahasa kebangsaan merupakan instrumen asimilasi dalam memupuk perpaduan kaum dalam kalangan masyarakat multi etnik. Walau bagaimanapun, etnosentrisme menjadi faktor penting yang sering dimainkan dalam isu memartabatkan bahasa kebangsaan oleh kumpulan etnik di Malaysia. Satu kajian di institusi pendidikan tinggi (IPT) telah dilaksanakan ke atas 407 mahasiswa sarjana muda dari Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Selangor (UNISEL) dan Universiti Multimedia (MMU) menggunakan pensampelan rawak berstrata untuk menentukan perbezaan dalam pemartabatan bahasa kebangsaan berdasarkan kumpulan etnik melalui tiga dimensi utama, iaitu i) kefasihan dalam bertutur bahasa kebangsaan, ii) pengiktirafan berkenaan kepentingan bahasa kebangsaan, dan iii) kecanggihan dalam menggunakan bahasa kebangsaan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam memartabatkan bahasa kebangsaan dalam kalangan etnik pelbagai. Dapatan mendapati bahawa mahasiswa Cina kurang memartabatkan bahasa kebangsaan berbanding mahasiswa Melayu dan India. Ini menunjukkan bahawa etnisiti memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan masa depan pemartabatan bahasa kebangsaan sebagai bahasa yang menjadi tanda kesetiaan terhadap Malaysia. Sebagai warganegara Malaysia, etnosentrisme terhadap bahasa perlu dihindari bagi memastikan asimilasi masyarakat pelbagai etnik berlaku melalui medium paling penting, iaitu Bahasa Melayu selaku bahasa kebangsaan Malaysia.