Scopus

In the title compound, C22H24N4O 2S2, the two thiourea segments of the side-arm groups are inclined at a dihedral angle of 73.09 (9)°. The central cyclohexane bridge adopts a chair conformation. The molecule is stabilized by N-H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bonds forming S(6) rings, and N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming infinite chains developing parallel to the b axis.

A two point block backward difference method is established to solve Riccati differential equations directly. Based on a predictor-corrector two point block backward difference method (2PBBD), a code is developed using a set of integration coefficients that eliminates the need to be calculated at every step change. The method requires calculating the integration coefficients only once in the beginning. The 2PBBD has an added advantage of a recurrence relationship between coefficients of different orders which provides a more elegant algorithm. The recurrence relationship between coefficients also reduces the computational cost. � 2016 Author(s).

Minimally invasive surgery results in faster recovery. The objective of this study is to identify criteria for the feasibility of 24-hour discharge post laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. This is a prospective cross-sectional study that was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department in Putrajaya Hospital between 1 January and 31 December, 2016. The inclusion criteria were: age between 15 and 45, no comorbidities, no family history of malignancy, BMI of less than 30, mass size less than 18 weeks, single uninoculated simple cyst and no ascites. The exclusion criteria were post-menopause women, known medical illness, family history of malignancy, mass size more than 18 weeks, multiloculated or bilateral ovarian cyst, presence of solid area within the cyst and ascites. The sample size was calculated to be 14. A total of 16 participants were identified. Results showed that using the Visual Analogue Score (VAS), the mean pain score post operatively in the first six hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, two weeks and three months were 3.67, 2.57, 0.5, 0 and 0, respectively. Two of the subjects experienced post-operative nausea and vomiting, one had urinary tract infection and one had minor bleeding from the surgical site. All the participants were discharged within 24 hours post-operatively. There was no readmission. In conclusion, 24-hour discharge post laparoscopic cystectomy is safe and feasible. Factors determining the success must be adhered to closely to ensure a good and satisfactory outcome. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. � 2018 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.

3D printing has emerged as a potential solution to fabricate different RF components and embed prepackaged devices. In this work, 3D printed interposer layer is proposed to enable vertical stacking of different heterogeneous components and substrates. Different design parameters were first simulated using HFSS to optimize for maximum possible bandwidth. After optimization, the design parameters were used to fabricate a wireless battery less digital modulator as an example IoT device. Measurement results are provided to validate the design and simulation results. � 2019 IEEE.

Drug delivery constitutes the formulations, technologies, and systems for the transport of pharmaceutical compounds to specific areas in the body to exert safe therapeutic effects. The main criteria for selecting the correct medium for drug delivery are the quantity of the drug being carried and the amount of time required to release the drug. Hence, this research aimed to improve the aforementioned criteria by synthesizing a medium based on calcium carbonate-nanocellulose composite and evaluating its efficiency as a medium for drug delivery. Specifically, the efficiency was assessed in terms of the rates of uptake and release of 5-fluorouracil. Through the evaluation of the morphological and chemical properties of the synthesized composite, the established 3D printing profiles of nanocellulose and CaCO3 took place following the layer-by-layer films. The 3D printed double laminated CaCO3-nanocellulose managed to release the 5-fluorouracil as an effective single composition and in a time-controlled manner. � 2020 by the authors.

Trans-radial prosthesis is a wearable device that intends to help amputees under the elbow to replace the function of the missing anatomical segment that resembles an actual human hand. However, there are some challenging aspects faced mainly on the robot hand structural design itself. Improvements are needed as this is closely related to structure efficiency. This paper proposes a robot hand structure with improved features (four-bar linkage mechanism) to overcome the deficiency of using the cable-driven actuated mechanism that leads to less structure durability and inaccurate motion range. Our proposed robot hand structure also took into account the existing design problems such as bulky structure, unindividual actuated finger, incomplete fingers and a lack of finger joints compared to the actual finger in its design. This paper presents the improvements achieved by applying the proposed design such as the use of a four-bar linkage mechanism instead of using the cable-driven mechanism, the size of an average human hand, five-fingers with completed joints where each finger is moved by motor individually, joint protection using a mechanical stopper, detachable finger structure from the palm frame, a structure that has sufficient durability for everyday use and an easy to fabricate structure using 3D printing technology. The four-bar linkage mechanism is the use of the solid linkage that connects the actuator with the structure to allow the structure to move. The durability was investigated using static analysis simulation. The structural details and simulation results were validated through motion capture analysis and load test. The motion analyses towards the 3D printed robot structure show 70%–98% similar motion range capability to the designed structure in the CAD software, and it can withstand up to 1.6 kg load in the simulation and the real test. The improved robot hand structure with optimum durability for prosthetic uses was successfully developed. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

In this paper, Additive Manufacturing (AM) using 3D printing has been shown as a potential candidate for realizing customized compact solutions for RF packaging applications. Cost effective 3D printing based packaging solutions with customized substrates and air gaps allow easier integration of multiple RF components with lower substrate losses. Using a damascene-like conductor patterning process and a LEGO-like assembly process, an amplifier coupled to an air-substrate based patch antenna is demonstrated in a single integrated package. The antenna overlays the amplifier circuit leading to a compact design. The proposed customization of substrates and 3D printing strategies can be extended to multiple-system level stacking for SOP/SIP packaging customized for applications such as 5G. � 2019 IEEE.

Chronic oral ulcer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a diagnostic challenge in primary health care. The possible causes include the disease itself, side effect of treatment, malignancy and infections. This is a case of a 63-year-old woman with underlying rheumatoid arthritis presented with chronic solitary oral ulcer. She was on oral methotrexate (MTX) and high dose folic acid for five years with good compliance. Tissue biopsy showed marked inflammatory cells infiltration and nuclear hyperchromatism with no evidence of malignancy nor infection. The ulcer was resolved after completing antifungal treatment for six weeks following failure of improvement after empirical antibiotic, elimination of possible trauma and discontinuation of MTX. The fungal staining was negative. There are possibilities of false negative results, thus broadened diagnosis with repeated and further investigations are recommended in cases who did not respond to conventional treatment.

In this paper, classification of brain wave using real-world data from Parkinson�s patients in producing an emotional model is presented. Electroencephalograph (EEG) signal is recorded on eleven Parkinson�s patients. This paper aims to find the �best� classification for brain wave patterns in patients with Parkinson�s disease. This work performed is based on the four phases, which are first phase is raw data and after data processing using statistical features such as mean and standard deviation. The second phase is the sum of hertz, the third is the sum of hertz divided by the number of hertz, and last is the sum of hertz divided by total hertz. We are using five attributes that are patients, class, domain, location, and hertz. The data were classified using WEKA. The results showed that BayesNet gave a consistent result for all the phases from multilayer perceptron and K-Means. However, K-Mean gave the highest result in the first phase. Our results are based on a real-world data from Parkinson�s patients. � Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.

Smart wearables have gained considerable attention from Information Systems (IS) academics, business managers, and health practitioners. In spite of the availability of authentic research studies of smart wearables, there is still a lack of systematic review on the different aspects of smart wearables concept to find the current state of research, particularly from the perspective of IS field. Therefore, the predominant aim of this research is to review smart wearables literature, recent advances, and future challenges. Accordingly, a systematic literature review was conducted to explore smart wearables by reviewing previous studies from 2010 to 2019. For covering all related papers during these years, an integrated review protocol consisting of automatic and manual stages was pursued. 244 papers were identified to address smart wearables issues and challenges. According to the findings, it is observed that smart wearable studies have increased dramatically during the last years. Moreover, the results show that current studies covered different research themes which are related to smart wearables area, particularly user behavior, technology-focused, security and privacy, design, and social acceptability. Furthermore, based on the results of the weight analysis technique, perceived usefulness, attitude toward technology, social influence, and privacy concerns are identified as the best predictors of smart wearables adoption. Additionally, the results show that the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is the most commonly adopted theory in the smart wearable studies. The findings of this review would assist academics to realize the existing limitations and gaps as well as the future works for smart wearables research studies. � 2020 Elsevier Ltd

Nowadays, mobile botnet is considered as one of the biggest cyber threats attacking the smartphones especially on the Android platform. The loss of money, confidential information and productivity due to mobile botnet attacks to the smartphones, have triggered the formation of this research paper. This research paper presents a comprehensive review on the existing techniques in mobile botnet detection. A comparison with the existing works related with mobile detection techniques is further investigated and evaluated. Furthermore, this research paper explores the possibilities to integrate the genetic algorithm in mobile botnet detection to optimize the detection rate. Based on the comprehensive review made, it has been identified that the genetic algorithm is offering a promising result for a higher mobile. � 2006-2015 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).

Rehabilitation in healthcare systems provides therapy and training to restore quality life after certain illness, addiction or accident. Currently, there is a significant unmet need for rehabilitation services, and it is frequently undervalued in the health system. As populations age and the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and injuries increases, and the demand for rehabilitation grows, strengthening rehabilitation in health systems becomes ever more paramount. Conventional rehabilitation service can be costly and time consuming to people not living near the rehabilitation centres. Often people with lower income who live in rural areas refuse rehabilitation services due to the logistic issue. On the other hand, in urban areas, most people are too busy with their daily activities and unable to keep their therapy schedule consistently. In consequence, patients do not enjoy the actual benefit of rehabilitation because of a certain limitation such as cost and time. These limitations can be surpassed by putting telerehabilitation, an emerging area of performing rehabilitation medical treatment with the use of technology from a distance into practice. Scientific studies of telerehabilitation in the current literature are discussing primarily in the area of readiness, technologies, and illnesses such as children autism and heart failure. However, there is limited evidence about telerehabilitation service for stroke patients, concentrating on the pre-implementation and implementation stages, which makes this paper viable and significant, potentially for telerehabilitation implementation in Malaysia. This paper proposes a new conceptual model of hybrid telerehabilitation that combines several technological principles, such as cloud, virtual reality, and computer-based system. The model was derived based on a study of a public tertiary hospital in Malaysia. The current traditional system was investigated and discussed. A new telerehabilitation model is proposed to widen the access for rehabilitation to patients of all ages. � 2019 IEEE.

A sensitive dip test strip for detection of formalin (HCHO) in tofu samples based on immobilized pararosaniline (PR) has been developed. The test strip has been fabricated by immobilizing PR reagent on filter paper. By using image color analysis (ImageJ) as the average of ?RGB value as color sensor response, the analytical parameters are obtained from an area of the sensing zone of the test strip using digital output of the color scanner. By using this scanometric method, it is possible to determine HCHO as low as 0.05 mg/L with the concentration range of 2-80 mg/L and the response time of 3 minutes. The reproducibility was found to be 8.04% (RSD) for good recovery. The test strip has been successfully applied to detect formaldehyde in tofu samples, and the results show in good agreement with the Nash method using UV/vis spectrophotometry.

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a perovskite crystal structure and it is well known to have many potential applications in microelectronic industry due to its high capabilities to enhance the performance of the capacitors and other energy storage devices. BaTiO3 has been reported to have a wide band gap around 3.4 eV from previous experimental studies. In theoretical studies, the analysis of the band structure of perovskite type of materials still under investigation due to high disagreement with the experimental result. The objective of this research is to investigate the band gap of the tetragonal BaTiO3 calculated using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and hybrid functional (HSE03) with various pseudopotential methods performed by CASTEP module. The calculation using GGA show underestimation of energy band gap. However, the band gap calculated using HSE03 approximation shows an agreement with the experimental result. � 2017 Author(s).

Quality-in-Use (QinU) is one of the most important quality aspects of a web application, which represent users' viewpoint. Measuring QinU gives a strong indicator on the success of web applications. In addition, it has been used frequently to evaluate the overall quality of web applications. There are many studies in QinU that enriched the science of web engineering. However, contributions of these studies were dispersed and usually address a certain aspect of QinU. This study attempts to gather and improve the best contributions of the previous studies in a conceptual framework to evaluate QinU based on ISO/IEC 25010 and 25012 standards. The outcome is a proposed framework, which will demonstrate the procedural flow between different stakeholders (Decision-maker, Evaluator, Developer and End-user). This procedural flow affects the evaluation process of web application quality. Furthermore, the framework demonstrates the process of measuring QinU attributes by implementing the proposed Quality-in-Use Evaluation Model (QinUEM). The future works are to evaluate the Quality-in-Use of several web applications using the proposed conceptual framework and test the results using quantitative and qualitative methods. � 2015 IEEE.

Recommendation Systems help users search large amounts of digital contents and identify more effectively the items�products or services�that are likely to be more attractive or useful. As such, it can be characterized as tools that help people making decisions, i.e., make a choice across a vast set of alternatives. This research work has explored decision-making processes in the wide application domain of online services, specifically, hotel booking. This research work is a combination of collaborative filtering (Item-based) recommendation and knowledge-based recommendation system. In which collaborative filtering recommendation will work for user searching and knowledge-based recommendation will work as default recommendation system. In knowledge-based recommendation system it reads the user profile along with his activity of certain last time period as our main knowledge base where this work define the fact of user�s activity. Then this research work applies sorting and counting algorithm. Contextual data are temporarily stored in the knowledge base as the time user stay logged in. Each login will take an updated contextual database. In searching, using item-based k-nearest neighbor algorithm for prediction by collaborative filtering. This work proposed a new rating system which based on hotels performance. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.

Audio steganography provides a smart solution for secure data transferring. Meanwhile, encryption provides a high level of robustness for the secret message. Combining steganography with cryptography provides a confidential, efficient, and hidden method of communication. Symmetric encryption algorithms alone like AES and 3DES are common, secure, and fast. However, they lack a secure mechanism of key exchange, which may limit the scope of a secure data transfer. On the other hand, asymmetric encryption algorithms overcome the key exchange hazard. The key size for a secure asymmetric algorithm like RSA should be above than 1024- bit long, which reduce the speed of encryption and decryption significantly. Those limitations, namely (1) the key exchange problem in the symmetric encryption, and (2) the longer time consumption of encryption and decryption in the asymmetric algorithms like RSA. The proposed method aims to overcome those limitations and therefore improve the security and robustness. The proposed method is based on two well known algorithms namely Diffie-Hellman and AES. Furthermore, the proposed method provides flexible key exchange mechanism in a hidden fashion and ensuring speed of performance. This method is expected to provide a significant improvement in security and robustness. � 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

The window of maximum susceptibility for the development of dental fluorosis for anterior teeth is during the first two to three years of life. The primary source of fluoride intake for infants at this age is mainly from the diet including infant formula. Thus, the present work aimed to investigate the fluoride concentration in commercially available Malaysian infant formulas that required reconstitution before consumption. A total of 29 infant formulas available in the Malaysian market were reconstituted with deionised water, fluoridated tap water, and filtered tap water. The fluoride concentration of the infant formulas was analysed directly using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The daily fluoride intake estimation from the infant formulas was calculated using the median infant body weight and recommended volumes for formula consumption from newborn to > 12 months of age. Results showed that the fluoride concentration of the infant formulas when reconstituted with deionised water ranged between 0.009 to 0.197 mg/L that contributed to the estimated daily fluoride intake ranging from 0.005 to 0.100 mg (total intake per day) or 0.001 to 0.025 mg/kg (total intake per body weight/day). The fluoride concentration in the selected infant formulas was low, but after reconstitution with fluoridated tap water, the overall fluoride concentration in infant formulas sample significantly increased (p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the estimated daily fluoride intake from infant formulas alone did not exceed the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of fluoride at 0.10 mg/kg/day.

Robust deforestation in peat land is not uncommon and is conducted in the form of land conversion that sometimes resorts to unsustainable land use methods that use fire as a tool for preparation of land for agricultural plantation. For the past two decades, the peat land bank area in Malaysia dominantly nestled in the states of Sarawak, Sabah and Pahang is reducing rapidly caused by intensive economic and human activities to encourage agricultural development largely in the oil palm industry. This paper seeks to address the Malaysian legal context in its challenges to a successful implementation of laws that prevent peat land fires from human activities. Although Malaysia has forest protection laws such as 1974 Environmental Quality Act that provides for prohibition of open burning activities in peat land, it is still plagued by risk of large scale burning on those areas due to rapid growth in agricultural sector, other changes in land use activities and lack of enforcement. Additionally, the over-generalised forest protection provisions in 1984 National Forestry Act are found to have gaps that need revision. It may be an opportune time to reinforce �polluter pay principle� in the national legal framework by proposing a Peatland Conservation and Air Pollution Prevention tax in the environmental legal framework in Malaysia. This is significant in ensuring that proper peat land management and clearing process in the agricultural sector is being carried out in a sustainable manner. � 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

Phishing is a threat in which users are sent fake emails that urge them to click a link (URL) which takes to a phisher's website. At that site, users' accounts information could be lost. Many technical and non-technical solutions have been proposed to fight phishing attacks. To stop such attacks, it is important to select the correct feature(s) to detect phishing emails. Thus, the current work presents a new method to selecting more efficient feature in detecting phishing emails. Best features can be extracted from email's body (content) part. Keywords and URLs are known features that can be extracted from email's body part. These two features are very relevant to the three general aspects of email, these aspects are, email's sender, email's content, and email's receiver. In this work, three effectiveness criteria were derived based on these aspects of email. Such criteria were used to evaluate the efficiency of Keywords and URLs features in detecting phishing emails by measuring their Effectiveness Metric (EM) values. The experimental results obtained from analyzing more than 8000 ham (legitimate) and phishing emails from two different datasets show that, relying upon the URLs feature in detecting phishing emails will predominantly give more precise results than relying upon the Keywords feature in a such task. � 2014 IEEE.