Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law (MJSL)

Konsep 1Malaysia, Rakyat Didahulukan Pencapaian Diutamakan adalah untuk membawa Negara kearah kemajuan yang lebih tinggi.Ia mampu untuk mencapai kesaksamaan dan keadilan dikalangan rakyat berbilang kaum dan agama di Negara ini supaya tidak ada satu kaum pun yang merasa dipinggirkan atau tidak diberi perhatian. 1Malaysia menggalakkan supaya rakyat berbilang kaum dan agama ini bekerja sebagai satu pasukan yang jitu dan mewujudkan perasaan saling hormat-menghormati antara satu sama lain dan yakin-meyakini antara satu sama lain.Aspirasinya adalah untuk memperbaiki, memantap dan memperkasa hubungan kaum bagi memastikan rakyat Malaysia membina dan menjalin persahabatan berasaskan rasa hormati-menghormati dan percayamempercayai, dan saling menerima

There is today a general perception that the traditional differences between the Common Law and Civil Law systems have shrunk greatly and that both, being secular “Western” systems, should be able to accommodate one another and impact on one another easily and positively. It is the Shar_‘ah system, being based on divine law, that is often perceived as being radically different and possibly not having anything in common with either the Common Law or the Civil Law systems respectively. Our analysis of administration of justice in this paper however demonstrates that the jurisprudence of the three legal systems have evolved along similar lines and that under each of the systems the relevant theories and principles of administration of justice have been influenced by reasonableness and expediency which gives room for the necessary flexibility to ensure the realisation of substantive justice under each one of the three legal systems, if there is the political and judicial will to do so on the part of the ruling authority, the judiciary and other relevant institutions of administration of justice respectively. In view of the continuing interaction between the three legal systems in different countries of the world today, there is a need to continue promoting a better understanding of the systems to enhance an effective administration of justice across the legal systems globally.

Scientific studies have revealed that a large percentage of Malaysian society suffers from psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia and others, which is the biggest health problem among Malaysians after heart disease. The aim of this study is to explain the reasons for the prevalence of these psychological illnesses and to analyse the prevention methods, approaches and treatment of psychological illnesses according to Shariah scholars and then to show a therapeutic and preventive approach to psychological illnesses according to Shariah, using the inductive and analytical approach. The study concluded that psychiatrists have not clarified the exact causes of mental illness, but they suggested that they are the result of genetic, biological, environmental and psychological factors. Among the reasons mentioned by Shariah scholars are love of the world, committing sins, distance from Allah S.W.T., ignorance of religion, isolation, family and environment. The therapeutic and preventive model for contemporary psychological illnesses in Malaysia consists of the following methods such as seeking Islamic knowledge, belief in Allah S.W.T and the Last Day, patience and striving for reward, good deeds, good company, reading the Quran, reflecting on it and acting upon it (the Quran), remembrance and gratitude to Allah S.W.T., prayings on the Messenger of Allah S.W.T., supplication, treatment with legal ruqyah and psychological medicine, striving to eliminate the causes that cause sorrow and reaching the causes that cause joy. There are studies and testimonies from psychiatrists that confirm these methods and prove their effectiveness in preventing and treating mental illness. The study also contains important recommendations for the parties concerned in this matter.

Tanah adat merupakan salah satu ciri utama dalam pewarisan harta mengikut adat perpatih yang memberikan amanah kepada kaum perempuan untuk mewarisi tanah adat. Namun, sejauh manakah pengamalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan ini terhadap tanah adat? Apakah isu-isu yang timbul sepanjang perlaksanaan adat ini? Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan dalam pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat serta isu-isu yang berkaitan dengannya. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah survei yang melibatkan 525 orang sampel berdasarkan teknik prosedur pensampelan rawak mudah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan berkaitan pewarisan tanah adat masih lagi tinggi disamping perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat yang terus berjalan sehingga kini . Namun, terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul di sepanjang perlaksanaan undang-undang ini. Masalah yang timbul berpunca sama ada daripada pihak pejabat tanah mahupun pengamal tanah adat itu sendiri. Implikasi kajian ini dapat meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat terhadap tahap amalan serta isu-isu yang timbul berkaitan tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti kaedah yang terbaik untuk menangani masalah-masalah yang timbul agar amalan pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat boleh dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan.

In Indonesia, there is no mechanism to ensure spousal maintenance payments are made in a timely manner upon divorce as they only rely on the goodwill of the ex-husband. This is further strengthened by reports that the complaints regarding ex-husbands not providing maintenance to their ex-wives have increased. This research focuses on the patterns of violation Muslim women’s maintenance rights upon divorce within Islamic marriage institutions in Indonesia. By using qualitative methods, the research will investigate barriers and obstacles to the realization of Muslim women’s maintenance rights in the practice of divorce in Indonesia. At the end of the research, an analysis of data findings regarding the issue of violation of maintenance rights upon divorce will be highlighted that can assist the policymakers to stimulate more effective and meaningful ways for the realization of Muslim women’s maintenance rights during iddah within marriage institutions in Indonesia particularly related to divorce.

Corruption among public and private workers has become a hot debate issue in foreign countries as well as Malaysia. According to a report by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (SPRM), the statistics on the number of arrests from 2014 to 2021 has increased sharply to 205 percent, which is equivalent to 552 cases to 1125 cases. Malaysia has recorded a loss of almost RM 1.8 Trillion due to corrupt practices. Various measures and initiatives to prevent corruption in Malaysia have been taken by the government but reports on corruption continue to rise and show no reduction. The main thing to emphasize before creating the best method of prevention is to identify what is the cause of the problem.Thus, this article aims to analyze the factors that contribute to corrupt activities and the challenges faced by Malaysia in dealing with them. This qualitative study uses documentation and observation methods in the data collection process. Results of the study found that internal factors that cause a person to commit corruption are the existence of opportunities, personal weaknesses and lack of integrity.While external factors are due to low wages, financial stress and work pressure as well as ineffective national policies. The use of technology by perpetrators to prevent corrupt activities from being detected, interference and lack of cooperation from politicians as well as lack of public support and confidence are challenges faced by the government and anti-corruption agencies in tackling corruption in Malaysia. It is hoped that this study can be used as a reference and guide the authorities in curbing corruption while ensuring the community and individuals in the office are free from the symptoms of corruption

The publication of books reflects the advancement of a country’s civilisation. This right is affirmed by Article 10(1) of the Federal Constitution (FC), which guarantees every person the right to freedom of speech and expression. However, this right is subject to certain limitations that may be imposed by Parliament, as prescribed in Article 10(2) of the FC. Among the laws governing this freedom is the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (Act 301) (PPPA 1984). Section 7(1) of the PPPA 1984 empowers the Minister to prohibit publications whose content is, or is likely to be, prejudicial to public order, morality and security or other specified interests. An issue arises from Section 7 of the PPPA 1984, which lacks clarity regarding the requirement for the Minister to provide reasons when banning a publication. This research adopts a doctrinal approach, involving detailed analysis of the FC, the PPPA 1984, relevant case law, and scholarly writings in this area. The research finds that, although Section 7(1) of the PPPA 1984 does not explicitly require the Minister to provide reasons for issuing a ban, judicial decisions have established the necessity of doing so when executive discretion is exercised. The research proposes amending the section, considering the Court of Appeal’s case of Menteri Dalam Negeri & Anor v Chong Ton Sin (t/a Gerakbudaya Enterprise) & Anor (2024) 1 MLJ 611, where not only must the Minister state the reason for a ban as provided in section 7 of the Act, but also briefly explain it. Such a requirement would enhance transparency in governance by ensuring that ministerial decisions are clear and comprehensible, thereby aligning with the principles of natural justie.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are increasingly active in Malaysia and are a cause for concern. Various campaigns and events are held to promote and normalise this contrasting culture in the community. The slogan of human rights (HAM) is misused to call for the recognition and equality of rights locally and internationally. Therefore, this study aims to explore the approach of al-zajr bi al-hajr (prevention through boycott) in Islam and to analyse the compatibility of this approach in dealing with LGBT symptoms in Malaysia. The methodology of this study utilised a qualitative approach through exploration. Data were collected through documentation and structured interviews. The findings of this study concluded that the method of al-zajr bi al-hajris an important approach to prevent people from making mistakes or repeating them in the future. One of the subdivisions of al-hajris the approach of boycott or ostracism, which has been practised from the time of Rasulullah SAW to the present day. This study outlines an approach that can be used for LGBT individuals who wish to change through isolation, through regular programmes such as mukhayyam and religious education. For the vocal LGBT groups, on the other hand, the appropriate approach is isolation through law enforcement, economic boycotts and the imposition of restrictions on the real and virtual platform. Overall, al-zajr bi al-hajr is an approach that can be applied to LGBT issues in Malaysia depending on the group's current situation. Authorities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the community at large are encouraged to apply this method in addition to existing methods to deal wisely with LGBT issues in Malaysia.   ABSTRAK Golongan lesbian, gay, biseksual dan transgender (LGBT) kini semakin aktif hingga menimbulkan kebimbangan di Malaysia. Pelbagai kempen dan himpunan dilakukan untuk mempromosikan serta menormalisasikan budaya yang bertentangan ini kepada masyarakat. Slogan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) disalahguna bagi menuntut pengiktirafan dan kesamarataan hak di peringkat tempatan dan antarabangsa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pendekatan al-zajr bi al-hajr (pencegahan melalui pemulauan) di dalam Islam dan menganalisis kesesuaian pendekatan ini dalam menangani gejala LGBT di Malaysia. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui eksplorasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui kaedah dokumentasi dan temu bual berstruktur. Hasil kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa kaedah al-zajr bi al-hajr merupakan pendekatan yang penting untuk mencegah manusia daripada melakukan kesalahan atau mengulangi kesalahan di masa depan. Salah satu cabang al-hajr adalah melalui pendekatan boikot atau pemulauan yang telah dilakukan sejak zaman Rasulullah SAW hingga kini. Kajian ini menggariskan pendekatan yang boleh digunakan terhadap golongan LGBT yang ingin berubah dengan melalui pengasingan melalui program berkala seperti mukhayyam dan kelas pengajian agama. Manakala, bagi golongan LGBT yang lebih tegar, pendekatan yang sesuai adalah pengasingan melalui penguatkuasaan undang-undang, boikot ekonomi, dan pelaksanaan sekatan di alam realiti dan alam maya. Secara keseluruhannya, al-zajr bi al-hajr merupakan pendekatan yang dapat diterapkan untuk menangani gejala LGBT di Malaysia mengikut keadaan semasa golongan tersebut. Pihak berkuasa, pertubuhan bukan kerajaan (NGO), dan seluruh masyarakat digalakkan menggunakan kaedah ini sebagai tambahan kepada kaedah sedia ada untuk menangani isu LGBT di Malaysia dengan hikmah.

This article discusses about the principle of the welfare of the children or the best interest of the children in determining custody decisions under Islamic jurisdictions. Although the qualifications of the conflicting parties are a matter of great importance, the welfare of the children is the paramount consideration with the aims protecting the childrens interests. The qualifications' aspects or other matters are examined only insofar as they relate to their welfare. The discussions also evolve regarding irresponsible and neglectful actions committed by the parents denying the rights and welfare of their own children.

The demand for Halal pharmaceutical products in Malaysia has been on the rise, but this positive trend is accompanied by concerning issues such as the use of fake Halal logosand the inclusion of non-Halal ingredients in pharmaceutical products, which present risks to consumers and undermine trust in the industry. Accordingly, tort law emerges as one of thelegalmechanisms for consumers seeking redress in cases involving fake Halal logosand non-Halal ingredients. With the application of a doctrinal method based on qualitative legal research methodology, this article analyses the remedies under tort law. The study investigates the effectiveness of remedies provided by tort lawin dealing with these issues. Findings reveal that the existing remedies under tort law do notentirelysafeguard consumers’apprehensions related to fake Halal logosand non-Halal ingredients.Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive review of existing laws to ensure that they provide complete protection for consumersand help to promote the continuous growth of the Halal pharmaceutical industry in Malaysia.

This article discusses the concept of true sale and its application in sukuk issuance whereby the existence of this concept is vital to ensure the permissibility of sukuk issuance especially for asset-backed sukuk. �The purpose of this study is to differentiate the application of true sale contract in asset-based and asset-backed sukuk and to examine whether the concept of true sale involved therein is similar to the Shariah concept of sale. Thus the sukuk underlying contracts are analyzed in order to understand the concept and the practice of both asset-based and asset-backed sukuk. Finally, the study found that the true sale contract is really practiced in asset-backed sukuk but not in asset-based sukuk which make the previous comply with the shariah concept of sale whereby the later although did not apply the true sale contract but still the sukuk is comply with shariah rules.

Ar-Rahnu is a concept of pawnbroking that based on the principles of Sharī‘ah. Contrary to conventional pawnbroking (PGK) practices, Ar-Rahnu emphasizes pawnbroking practices free of prohibited elements by Sharī‘ah, such as ribā and gharar. Based on the current situation in Malaysia, this study was written to address critical issues related to the practice of Ar-Rahnu, the provided solutions from the aspects of Fiqhī discussion, and the relevance of the existing legislation in Malaysia. This study was written in addition to the existing literature relating to Ar-Rahnu, which is still relatively scarce. Using qualitative, comparative analysis methods and observation from the practices in the industry, this research found that Ar-Rahnu can still be practiced in Malaysia even without specific laws. The method of harmonization between civil and Sharī‘ah laws is still needed to appreciate of Ar-Rahnu’s practices in order to ensure the effectiveness of this practice among the members of the society.

Syariat Islam telah mengharamkan penggunaan arak sebagai minuman dan telah menetapkan hukuman hudud kepada pesalah. Isu permasalahan yang timbul adalah dengan adanya pelbagai jenis minuman selain arak pada masa kini yang juga boleh memabukkan baik dengan prosesnya secara mutlak seperti bir mahupun perubahannya secara semula jadi seperti perapan anggur. Isu tersebut telah dibahaskan oleh para ulama� fuqaha� 4 mazhab. Arak bukan sahaja minuman yang dihasilkan dari perahan buah anggur, malah para ulama� fuqaha� empat Mazhab juga mendefinisikan arak sebagai segala minuman yang memabukkan. Akan tetapi, terdapat perselisihan pendapat antara mereka mengenai beberapa keadaan yang membolehkan sesuatu minuman itu dikategorikan sebagai arak. Mereka bersepakat dalam menetapkan 40 sebatan bagi hukuman had minum arak. Namun, Mazhab Hanafi berbeza dalam membahagikan hukuman had minum arak kepada dua iaitu hukuman had minum dan had mabuk. Selain itu juga, mereka mempunyai pandangan yang berbeza tentang syarat perbuatan minum itu bagi mensabitkan seseorang bersalah serta dihukum had minum arak. Oleh itu, kajian ini dibuat bagi menjelaskan perbezaan pendapat tentang arak di kalangan empat mazhab Islam dan fatwa ini.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being integrated into systems influencing decisions, analysing complex situations and conducting processes, which may be dangerous for humans. Yet AI is not strong enough to be able to feel or suffer and maybe it never will. However, the complexity of AI deciding will grow with the technical progress and it should be discussed, how far we are willing to integrate future AI systems into important social processes such as legal decisions or teaching. The article seeks to give an overview over constitutional problems of an integration of strong AI systems into social deciding processes. It analyses the ability of AI to have similar legal positions as natural persons and corporations in the light of the question, whether AI can be an agent for ethic. Furthermore, it presents options of a liability for damages caused by the activity of AI systems. The article is the paper of a presentation on the topic held by the author on October 25, 2018 at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM).

This article examines some of the key provisions in the Working Draft of theHague Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance from the SharÊÑah perspective and appraises the current practice of the SharÊÑah Courts in Malaysia in the light of them. Part One of this article provides an overview on the Malaysian legal system as a backdrop to Part Two which is an analysis on the extent of application and implications of Articles 1, 2, 3 and 15 of the said Convention from the SharÊÑah perspective. The objective is to highlight problems and to suggest improvements and modifications to reflect international compromise.

Aut dedere(extradition) is an erga omnesobligation towards the international community aimedat closing the gate of safe haven so that the international criminal will face the consequence of his heinous act directed at the international communityfrom the requesting state. The term aut dederehas not been used in conventions or treaties untiltheeighteenthcentury.This paper examines the necessity of integrating the doctrine of 'aut dedere' (extradition) into International Aviation Conventions to combat civil aviation offensesand seeks toexploreits treatment under Islamic law, and the potential for punishment for refusal to extradite offenders. Through doctrinal legal research, the paper reveals that while aut dedereis obligatory under conventional law, it lacks enforceability without associated punishments. Conversely, extradition under Islamic law is deemed mandatory due to its universal nature. The paper underscores the relevance of Islamic jurisprudence in moderninternational legal frameworks and recommends amendments to International Civil Aviation Organization conventions to enforce extradition provisions and recognize civil aviation crimes as international offences, consistentwith Islamic legal principles.

This study examines the evolving relationship between Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and the Afghan Taliban within the broader context of Pakistan’s counter-terrorism efforts and regional security environment following the United States (U.S.) withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research draws on a diverse corpus of news reports, official statements, and scholarly sources in English, Urdu, and Farsi. Our analysis focuses on the period post-September 1, 2021, using data from the Nexis Uni academic database. Employing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), the study analyses 2,889 articles to identify thematic patterns and discursive trends. A customised analytical framework categorises the findings into four key components: motivational, religious, ethno-racial, and administrative. By mapping these dimensions, the study offers insights into the factors shaping Pakistan’s strategic posture and decision-making. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on terrorism, counter-terrorism, and regional security in South and Central Asia, with a particular focus on the post-2021 dynamics between Pakistan, the Afghan Taliban, and the TTP.

This study is primarily focused on "adat beseang" (custom divorce) as it is known among the Sasak people. The study highlights the intricacy of Sasak divorce customs, which are deeply ingrained in inherited customs and deeply held regional beliefs. This study examines the compatibility of Islamic principles and customary law practices using maqasid al-shariah as an evaluation framework. Findings indicate conflicts between maqasid al-shariah principles and customary law, despite the fact that customary law is crucial to divorce agreements. An incisive viewpoint for assessing customary law practices is provided by a critical grasp of justice, social welfare, and the defense of individual rights in maqasid al-shariah. Analysis of customary law viewpoints with maqasid al-shariahreview confirms the necessity of balancing local customs and universal Islamic values in resolving conflicts, especially divorce, within the Sasak tribe and provides insights into the dynamics of divorce in this context. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of Islamic law and customary legal practises, particularly in regions where traditional customs remain influential. It provides a critical analysis of the need for reform in customary law to bring it in line with the principles of justice and equality enshrined in Islamic teachings. Furthermore, it emphasises the importance of examining the role of gender in these customs and calls for a more inclusive and equitable approach to marriage dissolution practises.

Kewujudan dua sistem undang-undang sivil dan syariah di Malaysia berkaitan rapat dengan perkembangan sejarah undang-undang di negara ini bermula dengan undang-undang adat Melayu/Islam sehinggalah penggunaan korpus undang-undang Common Law dan Kaedah Ekuiti dan undang-undang Inggeris. Dalam artikel ini, analisis dibuat terhadap institusi kehakiman, khususnya bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah sebelum dan selepas merdeka bagi perkara yang berkaitan dengan Islam. Kesan pindaan Perkara 121(1A) Perlembagaan akan dikaji termasuk campur tangan Mahkamah Sivil dalam bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah walaupun pindaan selepas pindaan dibuat dan terdapatnya keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan yang memutuskan perkara yang berkaian dengan orang Islam/Islam adalah di bawah bidang kuasa eksklusif Mahkamah Syariah. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang bidang kuasa eksklusif Mahkamah Syariah dan kesan pindaan Perkara 121(1A) dengan membuat analisis terhadap perkembangan awal hingga terkini Mahkamah Syariah. Perhubungan di antara kerajaan persekutuan dan negeri (federalisme) dan pengharmonian undang-undang/institusi kehakiman sivil dan syariah juga dibincangkan. Analisis juga telah dibuat terhadap beberapa kes penting yang berkaitan dengan bidang kuasa mahkamah dan beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan bagi mengukuhkan lagi bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah selaras dengan pindaan Perkara 121(1A) Perlembagaan.

It is part of the legal requirement for an individual to be conferred the right to consent when it involves the processing of their health data. However, with the advent of big data in healthcare, consent principle as a lawful basis for data processing and as a tool for data privacy in healthcare is being challenged. In this article, big data refers to the processing and analysis of large data sets to find new correlations—for example, for decision-making purposes and improving health delivery of health bodies. While big data may be beneficial, it also imposes certain legal complications regarding the sufficiency of the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act 2010 in implementing consent. This article aims to analyse consent principle under the PDPA 2010 as a tool for health data privacy and its sufficiency in big data. We adopt a doctrinal qualitative analysis as the methodology in this paper. It is found that the consent principle under the Act must be revisited because it is lacking in its suitability and functions in dealing with big data and the practical demonstration of explicit consent in protecting privacy. Therefore, it is suggested that Malaysia could look to the European’s Union General Data Protection Regulation as a potential model for enhancing its consent standards, with careful consideration of the existing constraints under the PDPA.