Al-Azkiya : International Journal Languages and Education

School closures affect about 1.2 billion children in 186 countries as a result of the pandemic COVID 19. Many people around the world are concerned about whether online learning will continue to evolve or how it will affect the global education sector. The key benefits of Education 4.0 are related to the digital, virtual, and smart revolution for educators and other stakeholders. Some educators believe that the philosophy of personalized learning involves a lot of work, but that they can still address the specific needs of students. Using this technology, the teacher can teach the students rather than the class. Teachers have used various techniques and tools to promote personalized learning. This leads to better learning outcomes for students and better educational outcomes overall. Digital technology facilitates the work of educators and teachers by giving them the best techniques to make their job easier. Individuals prefer a customized learning methodology. In this area, the role of artificial intelligence is of great importance. AI-centric tools cater to the individual needs of students by enabling greater focus on specific topics through repetition of content and helping students learn at their own pace. In the future, the development of AI will lead to the adaptation of improved learning programs that result in greater gamification and personalization of the learning process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of e-learning through the use of AI and Future Management Tools in learning management system in COVID 19.

Jihad has a very broad context that encompasses many fields, each with its own definition. The term Jihad is also widely used by Muslims for a positive purpose that is to strive for good to gain the pleasure of God. However, non-Muslims and even some Muslims have a misconception about the true meaning of jihad, conflating it with a violent struggle to uphold one's religious beliefs. In addition, many Muslims and non-Muslims alike give a limited definition of jihad, claiming that it only refers to "Holy War". Therefore, this study will examine the concept of Jihad in general through the views of reliable scholars. In addition, the researcher will specifically examine the merits of Jihad in seeking knowledge based on the arguments of the Quran and Sunnah. Thisstudy will use the library database; of which the descriptive analysis of the text will be used as the main mechanism to analyze the content of the text to collect data related to the concept of Jihad. This analysis takes into account the opinions and views of the scholars that they conclude based on the Quran and Sunnah in their books. This study demonstrates that seeking knowledge is a component of Jihad, which is highly demanded by Islam. Furthermore, the study relating to the concept of Jihad demonstrates that Jihad has a very broad scope, encompassing Jihad against lust, the devil, with property for the sake of Islam, and more

This paper reviews literature on the use of Cooperative Learning (CL) approach in language classrooms. Specifically, the paper aims to identify CL activities used in language classrooms in promoting learners’ oral skills. Past studies using both quantitative as well as qualitative research approaches were reviewed, and ten CL activities explored by researchers to facilitate learners’ oral skills were identified. Findings from the studies reviewed show promising results. Following that, this paper further presents how these ten CL activities can be used by language practitioners in their language classrooms to promote their learners’ oral skills.

For a very long time, a section of western society has viewed that the Muslim community as the ‘racial Other’.Mashuq Ally (2011) argues that this notion is the result of the Western lopsided perception towards the non-whites and even more so when it comesto the Muslim women. Being the second Other (Beauvoir, 1949), Muslim women have to counter inaccurate notions about their perceived gender oppression as well as the lack of agency (to hear their voices). According to the Western feminist framework, Muslimwomen in hijab(the veiled women) are deemed as the victim of oppression and backwardness. Using Islamic feminism and postcolonial feminism theories as propounded by Asma Barlas, Leila Ahmed, and Margot Badran, the findings reveal that the framework (ijtihadand tafsirof Holy Quran and Hadith), have aptly supported the justification of the main character’s act in donning of the hijabas a symbol of Muslim identity that represents emancipation and empowerment.

The love of Rasulullah SAW means trying to emulate Rasulullah SAW from all aspects of his life. As a result, someone will form very good Islamic practice in daily life. Thus, school students should be educated to make Islam their way of life through the Love of Rasulullah SAW by knowing Islamic icon leaders and emulate him in their daily lives. For the purpose of study, 2407 students in total from various secondary schools in Malaysia have been surveyed about their love for the Prophet SAW. The measurement of their love for the Prophet SAW is made based on how often they practice the way of life of the Prophet SAW. Instruments from Bhasah et al (2011) were used to obtain data from several aspects of the Prophet's practice. The reliability of the instrument is at Cronbach Alpha 0.96. The study found that the level of love for the Prophet SAW for secondary school students was satisfactory, at a mean level of 3.00 with a standard deviation of 0.36 on a scale of 4. Participants from Religious High Schools showed a higher level of Love for the Prophet SAW compared to participants from boarding schools and daily secondary schools. This is reinforced by the mean difference between the schools in question being statistically significant with a value of F(2,2373) = 69.872, p < 0.001. As many as 8% of students were able to show the love of Rasulullah SAW very high and there are less than 10% of students who are still at the level of love of Rasulullah SAW which is less. Almost 80% of students have shown the love of Rasulullah SAW which is so satisfying. Female students (mean = 3.0077, sp = 0.365) showed a higher Love of the Prophet SAW compared to male students (mean = 2.9886, sp = 0.391), but the difference was not statistically significant with a t-value (2389) = - 1.213, p > 0.05.

Quality learning environment of early childhood setting has long been debated and discussed, foreseeing the impact on children’s physical, cognitive, emotional and social outcomes. The widespread usage of global quality measures such as the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale–Revised (ECERS-R) has led to a new perspective of assessing the quality. Therefore, this paper focuses on an evaluation on quality learning environment of an Islamic-based child care and education centre using four subscales of ECERS-R, namely space and furnishings, personal care routines, language reasoning and programme structure. The findings indicate that the daily planning and implementation of activities do reflect the quality. To a certain extent, by using ECERS-R as a reference, it was noted that the subscales of language reasoning and programme structure are closely followed, even though there is a gap in terms of some items in space and furnishings and personal care routines. In addition, there are significant practices exclusively practised by the centre with the aim of inculcating religious values among the children. This preliminary study adds to the small but growing literatures on Islamic-based early child care and education centre in Malaysia.

In the Renaissance period, the rise of the 17th century metaphysical poets like John Donne, John Dryden, Andrew Marvell and others had contributed to the publication of copious colourful poetry. The use of allegory and metaphysical conceit in their poetry have further revealed their inventive metaphors and agile intelligence (Bloom, 2010). Using Aldo Nemesio’s (1999) comparative method as an attempt to understand the poet and persona’s human literary behaviour, researchers have categorized and analyzed the poems in multiple contexts and stanzas so as to create interpretations from the allegory and conceit depicted. Hence, this paper shall discuss the findings on the comparative analysis of the element of allegory and metaphysical conceit depicted in the poems of the two metaphysical poets; John Donne’s A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and John Dryden’s Annus Mirrabilis.

The objective of this study is to explore the research trends on the use of the flipped classroom method in the field of Arabic language teaching. A number of databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and ERIC were used for acquiring a number of relevant studies. After screening the obtained studies, 7 research articles were selected and reviewed with the use of the content analysis technique. The findings indicates that the use of the flipped classroom method has a number of benefits for both educators and learners in teaching the Arabic language. In the last few years, the interest in the use of the flipped classroom method has increased to a significant extent. Still, it has been identified that there are a number of challenges associated with the technique. When these challenges are overcome, it would be possible to deliver optimal benefits to the learners.

In 2020 the world was shaken by COVID-19 pandemic that technically changed the way the world works in almost all domains from business, governance, education, and lifestyles. As the pandemic spreads globally, with little signs for improvement, the world has made adjustments to live with the virus. The education sector suddenly shifted from face-to-face and blended learning classes to full online class. This paper explores the experiences of several tertiary students’ online learning experiences with two objectives: discovering their initial expectations towards online learning as well as investigating the challenges encountered by the students in online learning. The research design of the current study is a case study involving seven tertiary students who were enrolled in English language degree in a public university in Malaysia. Data were collected through essay and semi-structured interviews. Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, all interviews were conducted using several online platforms. Data was then analysed using a thematic analysis using qualitative data analysis software; Atlas-ti. The findings show that the students had a positive presumption about online learning initially but was struck with the harsh realities of online learning afterwards. Among the challenges they faced were lack of physical touch, solitary learning, and issues with technological aspects. The findings are crucial to understand the obstacles faced by our learners in grasping with online learning, and with this understanding several practical steps can be taken to overcome the said issues.

Attitude plays a fundamental role in the learning process of foreign languages. It has recently gotten much attention from first and second-language researchers. Previous studies have indicated that learners showed a positive attitude towards learning Mandarin. Limited studies investigated the correlations between language learning attitude and course achievement among Mandarin foreign language learners. Therefore, this study tends to fill this gap. 614 non-native Malay learners of Mandarin from 5 different public universities in Malaysian participated in this study. The study used a quantitative design, and data was collected through questionnaires and the end-of-semester course grade. Descriptive statistics analysis, correlation and linear regression using SPSS. 25 were run to analyse the collected data. This study revealed a statistically positive correlation between attitude and Mandarin foreign language course achievement. The linear regression result revealed that learning attitude statistically predicted Mandarin foreign language learners' course achievement (β = .20, .001). This study has concluded limitations and recommendations to help institutions and interested researchers shed light on these further research studies.

This study was conducted to identify the practice of Islamic education among Muslim students in Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) and to determine the most attractive topic among them. This study also aimed to explore the factors that influence the practise of Islamic education among Muslim students in SJKC. The quantitative techniques were used in this study through the uses of a questionnaire instrument, which was then analysed using the SPSS version.The study found that syahadah is the most commonly practised component among Muslim students at SJKC. The study also reveals that the Sirah is the most popular topic and the Islamic education teacher’s encouragement is the main factor that influences the practise of Muslim students on the subject of teachers and students and raises awareness of the value of Islamic Education subjects.

Kajian “Keberkesanan Aplikasi Wordwall dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Gaya Bahasa Seloka Boros dan Jimat bagi Pelajar Tingkatan 4” menumpukan kepada fungsi atau kelebihan teknologi ini dalam membantu guru menjalankan pengajaran dalam kelas. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Teori Kecerdasan Pelbagai (Verbal-Linguistik). Kajian terdiri daripada dua objektif iaitu pertama melihat kepada fungsi dan kelebihan aplikasi Wordwall dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran gaya bahasa Seloka Boros dan Jimat. Objektif kedua pula melihat kepada keberkesanan penggunaan aplikasi ini dalam sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam kelas berdasarkan Teori Kecerdasan Pelbagai (Verbal-Linguistik). Kajian ini melibatkan tujuh responden yang terdiri daripada dua orang guru dan lima orang pelajar Tingkatan Empat yang mengambil subjek Kesusasteraan Melayu. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif iaitu melalui kaedah deskriptif, temu bual, pemerhatian dan analisis dokumen. Data kajian dikumpul dengan membuat sesi temu bual bersamadua orang guru, pemerhatian berdasarkan senarai semak serta menganalisis lembaran kerja yang telah disiapkan oleh pelajar. Analisis daripada dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa guru menggalakkan penggunaan teknologi dalam pengajaran subjek Kesusasteraan Melayu bagi meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar dalam sesebuah topik yang diajar. Kefahaman pelajar juga dapat dilihat dengan jelas sebelum dan selepas penggunaan aplikasi Wordwall dalam pengajaran gaya bahasa Seloka Boros dan Jimat. Terbukti bahawa pelajar lebih menyukai dan memahami isi pembelajaran hasil daripada lembaran kerja yang diberi. Pelajar juga dilihat menerapkan teori Verbal-Linguistik semasa sesi pembelajaran berlaku sama ada secara lisan atau tulisan. Melalui dapatan kajian diharapkan agar dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan kualiti pengajaran guru di dalam kelas.

Gamifikasi Ana Sibawayh adalah model permainan tatabahasa Arab yang menggunakan papan permainan yang interaktif .Permainan ini mempunyai 4 peringkat kemahiran tatabahasa Arab mengikut sarjana ulung nahu Bahasa Arab, iaitu: Ibnu Hisyam, Ibnu Jinny dan Sibawayh. Setiap peringkat akan mewakili soalan mudah-sederhana dan susah iaitu soalan klasifikasi kedudukan perkataan dalam ayat Bahasa Arab. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan mengenai keberkesanan gamifikasi melalui tinjaun terhadap pelajar tahun tiga dari Fakulti Pengajian Bahasa Utama (FPBU) terhadap aktiviti PdP yang menggunakan papan permaianan Ana Sibawayh dalam kursus Bahasa Arab. Kajian deskriptif analisis digunakan untuk menganalisis data yang dikumpul dari 41 responden yang telah mengambil bahagian dalam permaianan tatabahasa Bahasa Arab dan telah menjawab soalan berkaitan persepsi keberkesanan. Kajian merumuskan bahawa 100% pelajar amat bersetuju bahawa permaianan ana sibawayh ini menarik dan dapat membantu mereka memahirkan tatabahasa Arab secara bermain. Mereka juga telah mengesyorkan untuk menggunakan Gamifikasi Ana Sibawayh dalam PdP Nahu Bahasa Arab. Ana Sibawayh Gamification is an Arabic grammar game model that using an interactive game board. This game has 4 levels of Arabic grammar rules according to the famous scholars of the Arabic, such as: Ibnu Hisyam, Ibnu Jinny and Sibawayh. Each level will represent easy-moderate and difficult questions which are classification questions of word position in Arabic sentences. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of gamification through a survey of third-year students from the Faculty of Major Language Studies (FPBU) on teaching and learning activities that use the game board “Ana Sibawayh” in the Arabic language subject. A descriptive analysis study was used to analyze the data collected from 41 respondents who had participated in the Arabic grammar game and had answered questions related to the perception of effectiveness. The study concludes that 100% of students strongly agree that this game “ana sibawayh” is interesting and can help them master Arabic grammar through play. They have also recommended to use Ana Sibawayh Gamification in PdP Arabic syntax.

Sinonim merupakan salah satu cabang dalam Teori Medan Makna yang membahaskan tentang beberapa perkataan yang berbeza tetapi mempunyai makna yang sama. Terdapat beberapa kajian berkaitan sinonim dalam kajian semantik sama ada dari aspek perbandingan dua bahasa, pening-katan kosa kata dalam pembelajaran bahasa, dan analisa berkomputer. Namun, kajian berkaitan si-nonim dalam sesuatu bahasa kurang ditekankan, khususnya bahasa Arab yang kaya dengan perkataan sinonim. Kajian ini membincangkan tentang makna perkataan basara dan sinonimnya, iaitu raa, syahada, nazara dan lahaza. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder, iaitu kamus Lisan Al-Arab karangan Ibn Manzur dalam membuat perbandingan makna antara perkataan tersebut. Ia melibat-kan dua fasa kajian, iaitu: enam langkah yang dicadangkan oleh Braun dan Clark (2006) dalam kaedah analisa kandungan, dan kajian perbandingan persamaan dan perbezaan yang memfokuskan kepada tiga makna utama secara hirarki. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat persamaan makna di antara perkataan basara dan sinonimnya kerana ia mempunyai lima makna berpusat. Wa-laubagaimanapun setiap perkataan tersebut berbeza antara satu sama lain kerana ia mempunyai makna sampingan yang dapat diketahui melalui konteks ayat yang dibina.

Education is a basic human need in lifelong learning to develop physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social. The philosophy of education is to penetrate elements of knowledge and wisdom, skills, attitudes, abilities and values ​​towards individuals. The application of these elements should go through the educational process of teaching and learning with various approaches, methods, techniques and strategies. However, the approach in the ecosystem of teaching and learning is the reinforcement approach. Therefore, this paper examines the reinforcement approach in children's education from the perspective of Islamic psychology and the Quranic rhetoric. This study is a qualitative study by analyzing the text of the Qur'an, the Hadith and resources from Islamic psychology. As a result of the study, the reinforcement approach either positive or negative taught by al-Quran, al-Hadith, and Islamic psychology is important in shaping individual identity, self-development and quality learning process in children's education.

Most higher education institutions have been conducting all classes online during the COVID-19 pandemic and thus assessments have to be conducted online too. It is a very new thing for some students as all these while they have been taking test or exam in a conventional way. Various feedbacks regarding online assessment have been received from students, some are positive and some are negative. Although online assessment increase in use, not many research has been conducted on students’ perceptions of online assessment. It is important to investigate the students’ perceptions of this mode to get their feedback and thus, enable the administrators to improve what is lacking in the future. This paper will share some of the perceptions of students in a Malaysian public university regarding online assessment during the pandemic. Online assessment has become a common thing for most students as they have gone through this for two semesters ever since the pandemic started. However, many respondents hope that the online assessment system improve as time goes by in order to lessen problems especially among new students in the future.

Sejarah ketamadunan manusia yang panjang menyaksikan pertembungan sengit antara tamadun Islam dan tamadun barat serta saling mempengaruhi antara satu sama lain dari pelbagai aspek kehidupan. Aspek bahasa dan sosio-budaya adalah antara kesan persaingan ini yang dapat dilihat. Namun, realiti masa kini yang menyaksikan tamadun barat mendominasi kehidupan masyarakat maju melalui ciptaan-ciptaan moden dalam sains dan teknologi, bahasa Arab tidak terkecuali terpengaruh dari bahasa-bahasa yang digunakan di barat. Kemasukan banyak istilah baharu dari barat ke dalam bahasa Arab menyebabkan para sarjana bahasa mengagaskan istilah baharu Bahasa Arab Moden Standard (MSA) bagi menandakan era baharu perkembangan bahasa berbanding bahasa Arab klasik yang digunakan dalam al-Quran dan teks-teks klasik. Justeru, kertas ini bertujuan untuk menilai sejauh mana ketahanan bahasa Arab dari aspek morfologi mengharungi cabaran dalam situasi ini. Ia juga mengkaji sejauh mana morfologi Arab boleh bertoleransi dalam menerima beberapa ciri perkataan dan frasa dari bahasa asing. Seterusnya kertas ini juga menganalisa secara ringkas beberapa artikel akhbar dari lima buah negara Arab bagi melihat persamaan dan perbezaaan penggunaan perkataan dan frasa asing mewakili negara masing-masing. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa bahasa Arab mempunyai asas yang kukuh untuk menerima beberapa perkataan asing. Ia berlaku melalui pelbagai kaedah iaitu samada penerimaan terus sesuatu perkataan tanpa perubahan, penerimaan terus dengan keakuran terhadap kepada sistem linguistik Arab atau melalui pembentukan kata terbitan Arab baharu.

This study investigated the relationship between Arabic reading skills (ARS) and Arabic verbal expression (AVE) for third-year students of a tertiary institution in Malaysia. The study employed a descriptive approach, using a set of questionnaires, with a random sample of n=42. The descriptive findings yielded a high level of students’ (ARS) as well as (AVE). The correlational analyses yielded a significant relationship between (ARS) and (AVE) levels for the population at (r, Sig. 2, n= 42). An (r) (H0) was rejected. An (r) (Ha) suggested that the more the engagement in (ARS) the better the levels of achievements in (AVE).

One of the fundamental aspects during the current teaching practicum is the inclusion of innovation in the classroom, but guidance on this aspect is lacking. This paper provides a description of a proposed rubric to be used for assessing innovation teaching practicum. Three documents were reviewed and analysed by looking at the alignment between learning and innovation constructs. The outcome was a rubric that consisted of eight constructs, which aligns with the learning objectives, the national content and learning standard, and assessment, as outlined by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. The proposed rubric was later reviewed by two inter-raters.

It is crucially important to know what strategies are used by language learners in learning the targeted language, so that teachers will have better insights to prepare classes that equally suit learners’ behaviour. This is a pilot study aiming to identify what are the most and less frequent learning strategies used by Japanese language learners at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). A set of questionnaires adapted from the Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) has been distributed to 259 USIM Japanese learners at the end of semester academic year of 2021/2022. 54 students volunteered to participate and answer the questionnaire. The average frequency for each category in SILL has been identified. As for the results, Japanese language learners at USIM are moderate users of metacognitive categories as the average frequency is at the highest. In contrast, strategies from affective categories have the lowest frequency of usage. It is a hope, that in the future, learners are introduced with a set of learning strategies before or during the classes in order to help them find the best way of acquiring the target language.