Tropical rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia is home to a highly diverse flora and fauna. The biodiversity and sustainability of the forest are highly potential to mitigate climate change and its adverse consequences. Although Malaysia is committed to preserve the forest in recognition of the important services, the threat against the forest of degradation and even deforestation for demand of other prevailing interests remain. Bio banking scheme has been one of market-oriented mechanisms which have been suggested to fund towards ensuring the sustainability of the biodiversity in Malaysia. By examining the experience of biobank for forest or environmental conservation, this paper considers issues and challenges in the creation of such biobank in Peninsular Malaysia as proposed in a study. For this, it considers two existing schemes of biobanking, one is implemented in the New South Wales, Australia, and the other is in Sabah, Malaysia, the Malua Biobank. The main features of these two schemes are examined and the issues faced are considered in the context of the Peninsular Malaysia. Creation of such biobank is significant to promote for further efforts in finding alternatives in forest conservation.

Landowners might be wondering why land fraud cases keep cropping up notwithstanding efforts and measures towards its prevention has been continuously implemented and monitored. Transition from paper-based to computerised land administration system with the implementation of the Computerised Land Registration System and e-tanah pave opportunities for new form of land fraud. The unpleasant truth is the more sophisticated the system, the more inventive the fraudsters can be. This paper seeks to analyse the challenges of fraud in land administration system by examining modus operandi in land fraud through selected decided cases. The research employs a doctrinal legal approach by examining authoritative legal texts and decided cases to analyse the issue. The findings from the analysis recognise that systematic fraud preventive actions are necessary in combating land fraud, and this include risk mitigating instruments in the form of land title assurance fund. Maqasid Syariah in its approach also emphasises preservation of integral pillars to redress the challenges of fraud in Malaysia.

Adat Perpatih yang menjuraikan keturunan nasab sebelah ibu merupakan pegangan utama dalam struktur pentadbiran tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejarah perkembangan undang-undang tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan khasnya yang keseluruhannya diadaptasi daripada perbilangan adat. Tumpuan utama dalam perbincangan kertas kerja ini merangkumi undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan sistem tanah Adat Perpatih seperti perlembagaan, Kanun Tanah Negara, Enakmen Pemegangan Tanah Adat dan juga Akta Pengambilan Tanah. Kajian yang dibuat adalah berdasarkan penyelidikan kepustakaan dan juga hasil temubual dengan beberapa individu yang terlibat secara langsung dengan tanah adat. Konklusi kertas kerja ini menggariskan pemahaman berkenaan perkembangan dan isu perundangan berkaitan tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan sejak zaman penjajahan hingga ke hari ini. Adat perpatih which is based on matrilineal lineage forms the main structure of the administration of customary land in Negeri Sembilan. This paper aims to to study the development of customary land law in particular the state of Negeri Sembilan, which is generally derived from customary sayings/idioms (perbilangan adat). The main focus of discussion in this paper comprises of the laws relating to customary land law in Adat Perpatih such as the Federal Constitution, National Land Code, Customary Tenure Enactment and the Land Acquisition Act. This study applies library based research and interview of relevant key individuals who are directly involved in customary land law. It concludes with a developed understanding on the evolution and legal issues pertaining to customary land in Negeri Sembilan since the colonial era until the present day.

The aim of this paper is to explore experience of Malaysian elders on financial abuse within families from the perspective of Islam. Currently there is no uniformity in definition of financial exploitation of older persons. Commonly, World Health Organization defined it as ‘the illegal or improper use of an older person’s cash or other resources’. Evidence from Quran and Hadith has clearly described the demands from children for good treatment and highest respect to parents. This paper discussed the application of Quran and Sunnah through a case study to explore the understanding of financial abuse of older people by their own adult children. The study is a part of a qualitative study, conducted using phenomenology study design via an in-depth interview with the older adults who were purposively sampled through purposive and snowball approach. The NVivo 12 analysis software was used to analyse the thematic analysis. The paper concludes that Islamic perspective contributes to the understanding of the occurrences of financial abuse in families. It provides insight on why Islam encourages good family values in family institution and provides recommendations in practice to reduce the problem.

The world today is facing numerous environmental impacts and disasters due to climate change. In several studies, the researchers found that during Covid-19 pandemic, there was a sudden reduction of carbon footprint. The government at their best has formulated new policies and campaigned to meet the needs of the new normal. This contributes to environmental healing when there is lesser carbon emission from vehicles, workplace and industrial areas. This paper employs desk research by analysing several literatures, related laws and policies to see whether flexibility of working hours may possibly mitigate the impact of climate change due to reduction in carbon footprint. At present, the policies relating to the new normal are seen to be relevant as most of the public and private sector are still implementing the hybrid approach especially in scheduling online meetings and activities. Therefore, the government sector is seen to be the best medium to promote flexibility of working hours to reduce carbon emission that ultimately could mitigate the impact of climate change and disaster. In Islam, harm must be eliminated thus, all kinds of efforts in reducing carbon should be promoted.

Forest encroachment and illegal logging are statutorily recognised as forest offences under several forest related acts. This is significant in a way it can mitigate adverse loss of major biodiversity, forest environment quality and forest-dependant livelihood. Forest offences and wildlife crime are found to take place within protected area (i.e., permanent reserve forest (PRF), national parks, sanctuaries) and state land forest. Related forest legislation, statistical data of forest offences, wildlife crimes and literatures are analysed to find gaps of the current statutory protection on forest environment. Forest can be found listed under List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List) in the Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. Due to this fragmentation of jurisdiction of the law-making power, forest is governed by different laws and agencies. Thus, dynamic relationship between state and federal government is significant in ensuring forests that are home for thousands of species of biodiversity, flora and fauna to be safeguarded and protected for future generation to cherish. From the Islamic perspective, the protection of environment in particular forests contribute towards fulfilling Maqasid Shariah. Besides, for the interest of the ummah, Maqasid Shariah encourages good relationship between the federal and state governments.

Artikel ini membincangkan kepentingan mengurus harta dan urus pusaka dari perspektif perundangan dan Maqasid Syariah. Fakta menunjukkan bahawa terdapat sejumlah harta peninggalan si mati yang bernilai jutaan ringgit terabai dan tidak diuruskan secara baik. Hal ini turut menyumbang kepada lambakan harta pusaka yang tidak bernilai dan bermanfaat kepada ahli keluarga atau waris. Harta pusaka yang tidak diuruskan secara baik ini turut dilihat sebagai tidak mampu menyumbang kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara. Di samping itu, terdapat isu-isu penipuan harta pusaka yang sering dibangkitkan di media massa yang merupakan indikasi tahap kesedaran yang rendah dalam memahami akan kepentingan pengurusan harta termasuk harta pusaka. Selain daripada kajian literatur, penulisan ahli akademik berkaitan, kajian kepustakaan, kajian melalui pengalaman agensi kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan yang menguruskan harta pusaka telah dilaksanakan dalam menggariskan beberapa solusi yang praktikal dan cadangan pengurusan harta pusaka yang bertepatan dengan kehendak Maqasid Syariah dalam memelihara harta.

Sejarah dunia telah meperlihatkan bahawa di zaman keunggulan tamadun Islam, umat Islam telah mengamalkan budaya ilmu yang cukup hebat sehingga menjadi rujukan masyarakat dunia. Walau bagaimanapun, kegemilangan ini menjadi pudar berpunca daripada sikap umat Islam sendiri yang meninggalkan ajaran Islam dan hanya menerima pakai amalan taqlid semata-mata menggantikan amalan ijtihad. Hasilnya umat Islam menjadi semakin ketinggalan dan banyak permasalahan baharu berlaku dan tidak dapat diselesaikan. Menyedari perkara ini, di Malaysia, pihak kerajaan telah melakukan beberapa reformasi drastik terhadap sistem pengajian syariah itu sendiri baik dari segi kurikulum mahupun pendekatan yang digunakan. Hasilnya banyak institusi-institusi pengajian tinggi awam yang menawarkan program-program pengajian syariah telah ditubuhkan sebagai hasil langkah proaktif golongan intelektual Islam dan kerajaan di dalam menangani kehendak dan keperluan semasa. Namun demikian, graduangraduan yang dilahirkan kebanyakkannya lebih bersifat taqlidi dan masih tidak mampu untuk menangani ledakan permasalahan semasa yang melanda umat Islam. Sesetengah hukum yang diberikan pula kelihatan tidak holistik dan mengikuti metodologi sepatutnya sebagaimana yang diajarkan oleh Islam. Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja yang menggunakan kaedah kualitatif ini akan membincangkan tentang apakah asas dan metodologi yang sepatutnya dikuasai dan dipegang oleh setiap graduan syariah bagi membolehkan mereka menyelesaikan dan mendepani permasalahan semasa. Kajian mendapati bahawa Islam sebenarnya telah menggariskan asas dan metodologi yang jelas sebagai panduan kepada mereka yang ingin memberikan sebarang hukum dalam usaha menyelesaikan sebarang isu dan permasalahan semasa yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam.

Halal is a term that is frequently used in both Muslim and non-Muslim nations. A growing demand for Halal goods and services together with instances of fraudulent or incorrect claims regarding the adherence to Halal standards has increased consumers’ ethical and religious concerns. The Halal sector is faced with innumerable problems, both domestically and internationally, which are mostly related to the misuse of the Halal stamp and other offences related to the Halal logo. Consumers are generally becoming increasingly aware of the Halal logo and information regarding the Halal status of a product’s ingredients before making a purchase. This qualitative study intended to identify the need for mediation when resolving Halal-related disputes from a consumer’s perspective. Information and data were sourced from statutes, articles, journals, newspapers, and magazines. Findings from the document analysis indicated that consumer expectations and producer education on Halal standards, procedures, and practices can all be accomplished through mediation. The ensuing awareness could aid in averting potential conflicts and raise general consumer satisfaction concerning the current degree of Halal abuse prevalent in the consumer market.

In Malaysia, most of the tropical rainforest has been gazetted as a protected area. This protected areas known as forest reserves, widlife protection reserves, national parks and state parks are rich in various species of flora and fauna. Orang Asli who inhabit part of the protected areas are highly dependent on the sustainability of the forest resources. This article analyses the position of Orang Asli in the protected area provided under the legislation as well as the emerging issues involving Orang Asli in the area. The research methodology used is doctrinal legal research and text analysis by examining relevant legislation and previous studies on the position and rights of Orang Asli in protected areas.It was found that there are actually legislation enacted which derived the rights for them to consume and use the nature resources in the protected areas because of the high dependability of the communities onto these resources. However, most of the legislation enacted does not explicitly recognise the position of the Orang Asli communities within the protected area. The provision also limits and reduces their rights without suggesting any other alternative in order to help these communities. There is also possibility in which the legislation were enacted without taking into account the views of these communities as the major stakeholder at the protected areas. Weaknesses in recognizing the position and rights of Orang Asli communities in protected areas in fact could contribute to the failure of biodiversity conservation and preservation systems. This is because the process of preservation and conservation of the nature must inevitably involved the Orang Asli community.

Two national parks in Malaysia have been recognized by the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World?s Cultural and Natural Heritage as the world heritage sites; the Gunung Mulu National Park and Kinabalu Park. None of the forest in Peninsular Malaysia has achieved that status but four have made it through the nomination list. The Malaysian government?s recent initiative was to list three reserved areas, namely the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), the Royal Belum National Park and the Gombak Selangor Quartz Ridge. The nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage Site is indeed a good move in protecting the Malaysian forest. Even though there is no direct mention of 'forest' stated under the Convention, it tacitly indicates the importance of the conservation of natural forest habitat for flora and fauna and a heritage for humankind. An outstanding forest site shall be conferred a world heritage status when it possesses at least one of the criteria of an Outstanding Universal Value or OUV. Ten criteria are listed as OUV in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention and it is divided as a cultural or natural heritage. This paper explores on the OUV of Malaysian forests, either included in or nominated to the World Heritage List. It describes the different OUV opted by different forest and that exemplifies the diversity and uniqueness of Malaysian forest.

Forest encroachment and illegal logging are statutorily recognised as forest offences or forest crimes under several forest-related acts. This is significant in a way it can mitigate the adverse loss of major biodiversity, forest environment quality and forest-dependent livelihood. Forest offences are found to take place within the protected area (i.e., permanent reserve forest (PRF), national parks, sanctuaries) and state land forest where the rate of forest offences in PRF is found to be higher in numbers. Related forest legislation, statistical data of forest and wildlife offences and works of literature are analysed to find gaps in the current statutory protection of the forest environment. Forest is a subject listed under List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List) in the Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia hence, this has contributed to several forest-related laws and governing agencies. Thus, the dynamic relationship between state and federal government is significant in ensuring forests that are home to thousands of species of biodiversity, flora and fauna to be safeguarded and protected for future generations to cherish.

Despite the government various preventive measures, fraud and forgery incidents in land transactions have continue to emerge throughout the years. As for court, the main challenge in deciding the competing interest between the original owner and bona fide purchaser in fraud cases is whose interests should prevail. Under the concept of indefeasibility of title, one party will suffer loss over another at the end of the trial. To mitigate this issue, court has made several observations on the necessity to establish an assurance fund to compensate innocent parties who are deprived of their title or interest through no fault of their own. This study will investigate the role of the assurance fund in the land registration system using doctrinal legal research approach. Findings from the analysis will be able to identify several weaknesses in the system and generate recommendations to strengthen the land registration system in Malaysia.

Sulh dan mediasi merupakan kaedah penyelesaian pertikaian yang digunakan di Mahkamah Syariah sebagai jalan keluar untuk menyelesaikan persengketaan secara perdamaian. Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) semasa krisis pandemik Covid-19 telah menyebabkan peningkatan konflik keluarga dan kes perceraian yang tinggi dalam kalangan masyarakat Malaysia. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji prospek dan cabaran dalam pelaksanaan proses mediasi dalam Majlis Sulh (sulh-mediasi) secara dalam talian di mahkamah Syariah sebagai satu norma baharu. Kajian menumpukan kepada aspek perundangan dan amalan di Mahkamah Syariah. Kaedah penyelidikan yang digunakan adalah kajian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian kepustakaan, tinjauan literatur dan analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun sesi sulh-mediasi secara dalam talian mempunyai cabaran dari segi penggunaan teknologi, sosial dan perundangan namun ia mempunyai prospek yang besar bagi penyelesaian pertikaian secara perdamaian. Sebagai penutup kaedah sulh-mediasi dalam talian ini boleh dimanfaatkan sebagai satu persediaan menghadapi kaedah penyelesaian konflik masa hadapan yang lebih fleksibel, murah, cepat dan berkesan.

Hak terhadap pegangan tanah yang selamat diterima sebagai salah satu petunjuk pembangunan lestari seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Agenda 2030 Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari. Bagi masyarakat minoriti orang asal khususnya, hak pegangan tanah yang selamat merupakan perkara asas bagi mengekalkan jati diri dan kehidupan mereka. Artikel ini menghuraikan hasil kajian kes tanah adat masyarakat orang asli di Negeri Sembilan, iaitu di Langkap, Kuala Pilah, Parit Gong di Jelebu dan Bukit Kepong di Port Dickson. Kajian ini berasaskan kerangka prinsip common law sebagai asas pengiktirafan tanah adat masyarakat asal di negara ini. Kajian kes menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat orang asli Temuan melihat tanah dan kawasan yang mereka tinggal, bertani dan sebagainya sebagai satu “kawasan” ataupun “wilayah” yang dimiliki oleh komuniti mereka yang dipelihara berasaskan adat perpatih bagi kesejahteraan komuniti pada masa ini serta generasi yang akan datang. Di dalam wilayah tersebut, terdapat kawasan di sekitar penempatan dan pertanian yang penting sebagai kawasan rayau yang berfungsi sebagai zon penyangga (buffer zone) kepada ahli yang memerlukan. Masyarakat orang asli mempunyai “sistem perundangan” mereka sendiri yang diatur oleh adat dan sistem komuniti yang tersusun dengan konsep wilayah tersendiri. Hasil kajian ini penting bagi memberikan pengetahuan dan kefahaman masyarakat di negara ini terhadap komuniti orang asli serta amalan mereka yang mungkin mampu membuka jalan ke arah perubahan dasar dan undang-undang yang memberikan perlindungan yang lebih baik kepada mereka selaras dengan matlamat pembangunan lestari.

The problem of terrorism is one of the most serious challenges standing in the face of sustainable development by all national and regional societies. Terrorism has become a danger that is increasing day after day. It can be said that terrorism has grown to be as dangerous as wars, since terrorist organizations in many countries of the world have assumed a plethora of technological advancement that enable them to execute their terrorist operations with a high degree of accuracy and proficiency. Terrorism has claimed the lives of millions of people, causing disabilities and injuring millions of people, as well as damaging and destroying the environment and public and private property. In addition, terrorism is also destroying minds through intellectual invasion. The spread of chaos and country fragmentation that comes along with the spread of terrorism are deemed to be some of the most dangerous consequences of terrorism. With the proliferation of nuclear weapons, national and regional concern increase over the fall of these dangerous weapons into the hands of terrorist groups, the advent of which may lead to an imminent end of humanity. The study covers concepts on the nature of terrorism in terms of its definitions, causes and motives; underscores national and regional efforts in combating terrorism; highlights the negative effects of terrorism on sustainable development in societies. Recommendations of the study include the need to activate the role of religious institutions in communicating the correct understanding of religion, whether in mosques or through seminars in universities and schools as well as the establishment of censorship by religious institutions on satellite channels, due to what we notice of religious fatwas from non-specialists. Recommendations also subsume the development of curricula in religious studies in schools and the development of a subject of Islamic culture as a general subject in university education