Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) in Malaysia, like in many other developing countries, has currently gained more interest and awareness. This is due to the numerous research studies which strengthen the notion that children’s early years involve a vital stage for the growth, development and advancement of their actions and behaviour, character and personality, and also their mind and intelligence. Studies have also focused on the idea that early childhood teaching and learning can be enhanced, albeit occurring within culturally, socially, and economically sensitive contexts. This paper presents part of a bigger study on ECCE from the perspectives of the owners and managers of selected private kindergartens in Malaysia. Detailed and thorough information of the owners’ and managers’ personal practice in handling their centres, their methods and techniques of dealing with both students and parents, and their ideas on the issues of ECCE in Malaysia were gained through focus group interviews with 6 participants. Based on the results of the interviews, ‘magical expectations from parents’ is the most demanding predicament to deal with. The owners and managers also deemed that other dilemmas such as ‘competent and qualified teacher hunts’, ‘managerial and organisational responsibilities’ and ‘staying relevant in the industry are also the problems they encounter. Regardless of these challenges, they are facing, the owners and managers of the ECCE centres continue to be optimistic and positive in the journey they have embarked upon.

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation programs on the psychological and social adaptation of recidivists in Palestine which was achieved by examining the level of implementation of rehabilitation programs and the psychological and social adaptation in different correction and rehabilitation centres. Methods: A systematic research design was adopted to achieve the goal of objective normative inquiry. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis and linear regression. This encompassed measuring correctional program effectiveness and psychological-social compatibility among 237 recidivist inmates in the southern governorates, chosen through simple random sampling. Results: The results of the study showed a high level of application of the correctional programs used from the point of view of the inmates of recidivism for crime, according to the relative weight of 73.6%. and social, by 12.3%, as well as a significant effect of the variable of age and the variable of educational level as extraneous variables on the relationship between the correctional programs scale and the psychological and social adjustment scale Psychological and social. Conclusions: The study concluded the presence of a high level of implementation of rehabilitation programs as perceived by recidivists, while also indicating a low level of psychological and social compatibility among recidivists. The study further concluded a significant impact of rehabilitation programs on psychological and social compatibility, as well as the influence of age and educational level. However, the study found no significant impact of social status and the duration of punishment.

Pelajar bukan penutur jati bahasa Arab memberi gambaran bahawa mereka memerlukan bantuan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Terutamanya ilmu Balaghah yang kompleks dan berlapis makna semantik. Terdapat kriteria Teori Ausubel menyatakan tentang proses menggabungkan dan mengaitkan maklumat semasa dengan pengetahuan sedia ada yang telah dimiliki oleh pelajar. Justeru, teori ini dapat menggalakkan pelajar memikirkan ilmu sedia ada iaitu Nahu, Saraf dan Dalalat yang dipelajari dan seterusnya menggunakan semula maklumat tersebut semasa aktiviti pembelajaran ilmu Balaghah. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab persoalan dan masalah pelajar yang masih lemah untuk memahami ilmu Balaghah. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengkaji hubungan teori Ausubel dan indikator faham ilmu Bayan (TA+IFIB) untuk pembelajaran ilmu balaghah bagi pelajar bukan penutur jati bahasa Arab. Seterusnya membina kerangka Kombinasi Teori Ausubel dan indikator faham ilmu Bayan (TA+IFIB) untuk pembelajaran ilmu balaghah bagi pelajar bukan penutur jati bahasa Arab. Metodologi kajian kualitatif adalah melalui analisis dokumen. Dapatan kajian menjelaskan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang jelas terjalin antara teori Ausubel dan indikator faham ilmu Bayan (TA+IFIB) sebagai usaha membantu pembelajaran ilmu Balaghah bagi pelajar bukan penutur jati bahasa Arab. Kerangka Kombinasi Teori Ausubel dan indikator faham ilmu Bayan (TA+IFIB) memperlihat aplikasi teori kepada penggunaan ilmu yang penting iaitu Nahu, Saraf dan Dalalat untuk menguasai ilmu Balaghah. Kajian merumuskan bahawa ulamak terdahulu menyimpulkan satu situasi yang mapan dalam ilmu. Manakala pakar pendidikan muttakhir menghasilkan dapatan teori daripada ilmu-ilmu yang telah disimpulkan oleh para ulamak terdahulu. Kajian ini berharap dapat membantu pelajar bukan penutur jati bahasa Arab untuk lebih bersemangat dalam penguasaan ilmu Balaghah.

The study aimed to identify school principals' level of practicing educational leadership in the Sultanate of Oman. It also aimed to analyses differences in this level depending on the gender and the educational governorate. To achieve the purposes of the study and answer its questions, a descriptive approach was used, in addition to the Scale of the Educational Leadership Ability of Mohamed Mounir Morsi. This scale aims to measure the educational leadership ability with its main components that are confirmed by educational administration learners and researchers, namely: (objectivity, use of authority, flexibility, understanding others, and knowledge of principles of communication). The sample of the study consisted of (336) principals (male and female) from the various governorates of the Sultanate. And the research arrived at the following results: the level of school principal's educational leadership practice in the Sultanate of Oman is average as the arithmetical average of school principals' responses for their educational leadership practice level is 0.6. Regarding the level of school principals' practice of educational leadership dimensions, the level of their capabilities in understanding others and educational leadership objectivity id high. As for the level of school principals using the dimensions of the use of authority, knowledge of communication principles and flexibility came at an intermediate level. The results also showed that there are no substantial differences in the level of school principals employing educational leadership dimensions representing in using power, flexibility and understanding others depending on the gender. The results pointed out that there are no statistical differences between all the educational leadership dimensions, depending on the educational governorate except the use of authority who's its results were in favor of school principals in Al Buraimi educational governorate. Based on the results, a number of recommendations and suggestions were presented to improve the level of school principals' practice of educational leadership in the Sultanate of Oman. One of the major recommendations is caring about school principals' educational leadership skills training in particular the skills in which the results showed that the level of school principals' practice is average. These skills are using power, flexibility and knowing communication principles.

This quantitative study discusses the roles of the relationship between the schools and the local community from the school leaders’ and the parents’ point of view in Batinah North schools in the Sultanate of Oman. This study is important because it focuses on the relation between the community and the school and its role to improve the students’ learning and effective communication between them which might help to raise the student achievement. Also, it explores the impact of relationship between the school and the parents on students’ achievement. In addition, it analyzes the significant differences in the level of the relationship between the school leaders and the parents from both the school leaders and the parents’ points of view, attributed to their gender and their qualifications. The study used the descriptive quantitative approach. It developed a questionnaire to collect the study data. The sample of the study consisted of (123) school leaders from Batinah North governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. Also, the study consists of (₃₀₀) parents of grade ten students from Batinah North governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The study is going to use the means, standard deviation, percentage, Pearson correlation, independent (T) test and one-way )Anova( test to analyse the study data. Accordingly, some recommendations and suggestions for developing the relation between the school and the community will be given at the end of the study.

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن المؤثرات العربية والإسلامية في شخصية الأدباء الماليزيين وإبداعاتهم الأدبية التي تأثرت بالأدب العربي. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج المقارن من المدرسة الفرنسية في الأدب المقارن من وجود شروط التأثير والتأثر بين الأدبين المدروسين. ً وتحديدا تتناول الدراسة المؤثرات العربية والإسلامية في شخصية الشيخ السيد محمد زين العابدين العيدروس الذي قام بنظم شعر المدائح النبوية، والسيد الشيخ بن السيد الهادي الذي أبدع الرواية من أثر تأثره برواية زينب، والسيد علوي الهادي الذي وضع مسرحيته من استلهام رواية فتح الأندلس. وتعد اللغة العربية قناة من قنوات الاتصال بين الأدبين العربي والماليزي. وبواسطة هذه اللغة تأثر الأدب الماليزي ببعض المؤثرات العربية والإسلامية، حيث قام الأدباء الماليزيون بتعلم اللغة العربية والاطلاع على فنون الأدب العربي، ثم قاموا بإبداعها في ثوب جديد. ومن أبرز النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها أن هؤلاء الأدباء الثلاثة تأثروا بالأدب العربي. ومن أثر تأثرهم نشأة شعر المدائح النبوية المالي زية من أثر تأثره بالبردة والهمزية، ونشأة الرواية الماليزية الأولى من أثر تأثرها برواية زينب، وميلاد مسرحية طارق بن زياد من أثر تأثرها ب رواية فتح الأندلس. ولعل الدراسة تفتح المجالات المقارنة بين الأدبين أمام القراء. The aim of this study is to uncover the Arabic and Islamic influences on the personality of Malaysian writers and their literary creations influenced by the Arabic literature works. The study deals with the Arabic and Islamic influences in the personality of Sheikh Mohammed Zine El-Abidine Al-Aidarous who wrote the poetry of the Prophetic poetry, Sheikh Al-Hadi who created the novel from Zeinab's novel and Alawi Al-Hadi who wrote the islamic theater base on the Fath al-Andalus’s novel. The study based on the comparative approach of the French school in comparative literature, which emphasis on the existence of the influence between the two literary works. Arabic is a channel of communication between Arabic and Malaysian literatures. Through this language, Malaysian literature was influenced by some Arabic and Islamic influences. Arabic is considered as a channel of communication between Arabic and Malaysian literatures. By this language, the Arabic and Islamic influences leaked to the Malaysian literature. The Malaysian literary scholars learned the Arabic language and read the Arabic literature works, and then they created a new literary works. One of the most prominent findings was that these three writers were influenced by Arabic literature. The impact of their influence contributed to the emergence of the Malaysian prophetic poetry which influenced by al-Burdah and al-Hamziyyah written by al-Busairy, the emergence of the first Malaysian novel which impacted by Zainab’ novel, and the birth of theater of Tariq ibn Ziyad from Fatah al-Andalus’ novel. Perhaps the study opens the areas of comparison between the two literatures to readers.