In the title compound, C22H24N4O 2S2, the two thiourea segments of the side-arm groups are inclined at a dihedral angle of 73.09 (9)°. The central cyclohexane bridge adopts a chair conformation. The molecule is stabilized by N-H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bonds forming S(6) rings, and N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming infinite chains developing parallel to the b axis.

Medical experiments on humans are among the most dangerous that a person can be exposed to, especially in light of the tremendous scientific and technological progress that the health field is witnessing, which harms the human right to health safety, the problem of the study stems from the jurisprudential difference about the legality of medical experiments on the human body According to the traditional view, there is no legitimacy for medical experiments when they are stripped of the intention of treatment and cure, and therefore the doctor is asked about errors in the medical experiments that he conducts for the purposes of scientific research, while the modern jurisprudential view legitimizes medical experiments whenever they are for the purposes of healing, treatment and scientific research if they are abstract From the material character, and this requires the approval of rules and regulations for these experiments through the approval of legislation for this type of experiments, similar to many developed countries, such as the French law, and from this problem the objectives of the study are reflected, which is to clarify what is meant by non-therapeutic medical experiments, and to discuss the legitimacy of medical experiments other than Curative treatment on the human body, as well as clarifying the legislative position on non-therapeutic medical experiences on the human body, as well as explaining the responsibility for To violate the rules for conducting these experiments, and to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of the study, its approach is inductive approach based on extrapolating and analyzing texts, in order to reach effective solutions to the study problem.

There is demand for application of polymer materials in electrochemical devices, especially natural polymers, because of their superiority in mechanical integrity, affordability and biodegradability. In this work, solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBEs) comprising 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2-HEC) doped with different weight percentage of ammonium thiocyanate, NH4 SCN (0 – 44 wt.%) were prepared using a facile solution casting technique. The effects of NH4 SCN on ionic conductivity and dielectric properties of SBEs were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity recorded at room temperature showed massive improvement for pure 2-HEC from the value of 5.93 x 10-8 S cm-1 to 1.16 ×10-4 S cm-1, comprising 36 wt.% NH4 SCN. Meanwhile, at elevated temperatures, the ionic conductivity revealed the Arrhenius behaviour, where it increased proportional to the temperatures. In addition, by introducing NH4 SCN content as a proton donor, it also effectively reduced the activation energy of the SBEs, which further support enhancing the ionic conductivity. In dielectric permittivity study, the εr and εi increased as the NH4 SCN content increased, revealing the non-Debye dependency of the SBEs, which indicates that the SBEs are ionic conductors. The addition of the optimum value of NH4 SCN content showed good characteristic for electrochemical devices applications.

This study aims to analyze the application of constructivist theory in the 2013 curriculum for Arabic  learning in Indonesia. The study focuses on understanding how constructivist principles are activated, such as student-centered learning, the active role of students in constructing knowledge, meaningful learning, collaborative learning, contextual learning, problem-based learning, authentic assessment, and the use of technology. These principles are applied in the context of Arabic language teaching with the goal of improving students' understanding and communicative skills. The researchers employed a qualitative research method with a library research approach to analyze documents related to the 2013 curriculum and constructivist theory. The results showed that the 2013 curriculum supports a constructivist learning environment through activities such as observation and exploration, experiments and discovery, collaborative projects, formative assessment, and the use of technology as a learning tool. However, there is a gap between the theory and actual practice, as some teachers tend to use traditional teacher-centered methods. The study recommends addressing this gap by training teachers and raising their awareness of the importance of applying constructivist principles in education. These recommendations reflect the importance of adhering to the philosophical foundation of constructivist theory to achieve Arabic learning that enables students to actively and meaningfully construct their knowledge and skills.

There is a misconception that 21st century education is all about using the right online tools. However, the premise of 21st century education requires the integration of relevant content, skills and instructional support to enhance knowledge processes in line with the requirement of 21st century learning to arrive at meaningful learning experience and not merely the use of online tools. To enhance the integration, an Online Multiliteracies Project Approach (eMULPA) framework is designed by incorporating teachers’ presence, online tools, learning materials, collaborative efforts while fulfilling the syllabus requirement so that the interconnectedness in these elements would give learners a learning experince that is worthwhile and meaningful. The framework which encompases the knowledge processes: exploration, contexualization, investigation, delibration and consolidation is expected to assist learners to have meaningful learning. This paper focuses on the learners’experiences while undergoing the knowledge processes in eMULPA. Data collection tools were interviews, teaching documents and learners’ reflective journals. For this paper, only data from learners’ reflective journal were drawn, coded for themes and explicated because reflective journal is one of the reliable means to gather information on the metacognitive processes undergone by learners. The preliminary findings demonstrated learners’ have undergone meaningful learning experiences through the eMULPA knowledge processes higlighted above. Thus, the implementation of eMULPA is expected to assist learners to acquire the 21st century skills.

Teaching practicum is an essential part of teacher-training that provides real classroom engagement for a beginner teacher. It is considered as one of the most critical components of teacher preparation with the greatest impact on teacher quality (Mtika, 2011; Zeichner, 2010; Graham, 2006; Tang, 2003) and is significant for the development of their pedagogical skills (Kauffman, 1992). The sudden upsurge of the Covid -19 infections around the world in the first quarter of 2020, witnessed massive closure of schools worldwide in order to contain the spread of the pandemic. This unexpected turn of events had flipped the more traditional face-to-face method of teaching and learning into distance learning that requires 21st. Century technology and skills. This paper explores the experience of a group of trainee teachers from an institute of higher learning in Malaysia, at managing this unprecedented challenge in delivering education remotely via technology. Data were collected from interviews and supplemental written records in the form of lesson plans, teaching evidence, and online tools employed for teaching and learning. The findings show that the trainee teachers undergo varied and often challenging experiences in ensuring the continuity of curriculum-based education and the students’ progress in learning. Their successes in delivering the lessons amidst the novel encounters are the epitome of resilient and flexible teachers in the making.

This paper presents the large-scale parameters of narrowband multipath channel propagation of corridor environments for the fifth generation (5G) communications system. The measurements were conducted on narrow, wide and open corridor structure in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Kuala Lumpur campus, Malaysia. Measurements campaign are conducted at 6.5 GHz and 10.2 GHz , and path loss exponents (PLEs) and shadow fading are extracted using linear-least-square regression fitting from measured received-signal-strength (RSS) . Furthermore, the results measurements campaign is modeled using well-known closein reference distance (CI) and floating-intercept (FI) models. The result found in this work discovered the breakpoint distances (bps) of radio propagation are seen varies differently at those corridors for diverse frequencies.

Purpose–Halal tourism has grown significantly, driven by the increasing global Muslim population and disposable income. However, comprehensive analysis of the research landscape is lacking. This study bridges this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research from 2014 to 2024 and examining growth trends, key contributors, and collaborative networks.Methodology–Using Scopus data, 244 documents from 132 sources were analyzed.Findings –Research on halal tourism has grown at an annual rate of 34.24%. Contributions from 645 authors, averaging 3.25 co-authors per document, indicate robust collaboration. Key journals include theJournal of Islamic Marketing, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism,and Tourism Management Perspectives. Thematic clustersinclude economic impact, marketing strategies, sustainability, and religious aspects. Indonesia and Malaysia, led by Universitas Airlangga and the University of Malaya, dominate the research output and citation impact. The findings suggest that enhancing visibility and impact requires focusing on high-quality projects, strategic collaboration, and active dissemination.Implications–This study identifies key trends and research gaps, guiding future studies, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. For industry stakeholders, it underscores the importance of targeted marketing and sustainable practices in catering to Muslim travelers. Policymakers should be encouraged to develop standardized halal tourism frameworks, enhance international collaboration, and support research initiatives for sustainable sector growth.Originality–This study offers a unique perspective through a comparative bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research in Indonesia and Malaysia, identifying emerging trends and collaboration networks, while providing new directions for future studies and partnerships.

This study aims to identify the research progress and trends in orang asli scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database with the help of the Biblioshiny (Rstudio). The bibliometric analysis of 685 articles was focused on describing the characteristics and trend of the publications performance, word co-occurence, authors and journal. The main results show that the research publications on orang asli were limited but experienced a positive growth trend from 1968 to 2022. The existing publications in the orang asli research domain are mainly discussed in subject categories of medicine, social sciences, agricultural and biological science,and also the arts and humanities related to orang asli. This study found that the most frequently used words in the publications on orang asli center around health, encompassing a broad range of themes. “Child” and “rural areas” were widely used to conclude that the research on children was quite extensive in various aspects such as illness, genetics and school. This finding will benefit future studies on creating a solid insight on similar areas or to fill the knowledge gaps in the current literature on orang asli research over time.

Purpose: This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on unemployment Takaful, job loss protection, and unemployment insurance from 2012 to 2023, illuminating trends, key contributions, and focal areas within the realm of insurance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the Scopus database, a systematic search was conducted using the keywords "unemployment takaful", "job loss protection", "unemployment insurance", and "insurance". Publications were then analyzed to determine their distribution by year, contributing authors and institutions, citation frequency, keyword co-occurrence, and more. Findings: The period 2012 to 2023 witnessed a significant increase in research concerning unemployment protection mechanisms. "Unemployment Insurance" emerges as a central topic, underscoring the focus on mechanisms to support individuals during joblessness, with major contributions from Friedman, 2014. Geographic distribution indicated a pronounced focus in United States (USA). Research Limitations/Implications: The analysis is constrained by the scope of the Scopus database and the selected keywords, potentially omitting relevant studies indexed elsewhere or under different terms. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary approaches in studying unemployment protection mechanisms and suggest potential avenues for future research. Practical Implications: The findings of this study showed there is a gap of the research in takaful discussing on the issues of employment safety. Most of the research conducted in developed nations and insurance company. This is suggested that, takaful should explored the are of unemployment takaful by providing an alternative for Muslim customers. Originality/Value: This bibliometric analysis presents a holistic overview of the literature landscape on unemployment protection mechanisms during a pivotal period. It serves as a foundational reference for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders keen on understanding the evolution, trends, and gaps in this field.

Introduction: The purpose of the current case is to give a detail description on an incidence of a traumatized upper left central incisor with symptomatic periapical periodontitis which was root treated. Descriptions: The apical portion of the tooth had a large apical lesion with external root resorption that end up with an open apex due to the loss of tooth cementum, dentine and adjacent hard tissue. The tooth was endodontically retreated, and the apical region was treated surgically with apical curettage and retrograde Mineral Trioxide Aggregate filling (MTA). Results: The affected tooth was considered successful both functionally and aesthetically during a 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: Apicoectomy and retrograde filling with MTA is a viable option in case of treating traumatized tooth with large peri-apical lesion and open apex

Cryptography is essential for securing digital communication, but many school students have a limited understanding of it, especially in modern and quantum cryptography. This case study examines the understanding of cryptography concepts among gifted students in the school context, focusing on awareness and perceptions. The study involved 45 secondary school students aged between 13 and 17 years. The quantitative questionnaire item was developed based on the KAP model. The survey was conducted online and was distributed via a messaging platform. Data have been analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and mean scores. The results showed that approximately half of the students were aware of general cryptographic concepts, fewer reported having learned about modern cryptography, and only a minimal number were familiar with quantum cryptography. The mean score for each item indicated the highest satisfaction. Despite these gaps, most students agreed that cryptography is important for protecting data and involves encoding messages using mathematical and key-based methods. This case study concludes that there is a considerable lack of awareness and conceptual clarity among students regarding advanced cryptographic topics. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating cryptography into the national school curriculum, particularly in light of the increasing digital threats and the future relevance of quantum technologies. Early exposure to and engagement with educational modules can help bridge the gap and foster a new generation of cybersecurity-aware learners equipped for the digital age.

Online learning has revolutionized education by offering a flexible platform that transcends geographical boundaries and time constraints. It provides various multimedia resources, interactive exercises, and personalized feedback, enhancing the learning experience. However, online classes have challenges, such as decreased student engagement, technical issues, and a lack of structure, leading to procrastination and decreased productivity. This research aims to delve into the level of satisfaction experienced by talented high school students in terms of their virtual classroom experience. The study was conducted through an online survey using purposive and convenient sampling techniques. The data analysis showed that most students expressed satisfaction with the online classes, indicating that they found them informative, engaging, and meaningful. However, a few minor adjustments could be made to enhance students' experience, such as more opportunities for interactive participation, additional resources, and more precise instructions. Overall, the research highlights the positive impact of online education on the learning experience of gifted high school students

In the era of Education 4.0, transitioning to Education 5.0, the use of gamified educational applications has become increasingly popular to enhance student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. Traditional teaching methods are now often supplemented with digital tools that turn passive learning into interactive experiences. This study was designed to analyze and compare 44 educational applications commonly used in classroom settings, with a focus on their gamification features, usability, and educational impact. The objective of this study is to help educators select the most effective tools to enhance student engagement and support meaningful learning experiences. The study employed a qualitative descriptive review of each application, focusing on its features, functions, and significance in teaching and learning. The findings indicated that many applications effectively incorporated gamification elements such as points, leaderboards, challenges, and real-time feedback to boost student motivation and engagement. Others emphasized features that support creativity, collaboration, and classroom management, offering diverse approaches to enhance the teaching and learning experience. The comparison also highlighted the importance of features like offline access, cross-platform compatibility, and reporting tools for tracking student progress. While most applications offer basic functionalities for free, many require paid subscriptions to access advanced features. This study provides practical insights for educators, equipping them with the knowledge to align technology use with pedagogical goals and student needs. By understanding the distinct features and strengths of each tool, educators can create learning environments that support 21st-century skills, active learning, and a positive classroom culture across various educational settings.

In recent years, Islamic mobile applications have become essential digital tools for Muslims seeking to fulfil religious obligations through convenient, technology-assisted means. Applications such as Muslim Pro and Sajda provide features including prayer time notifications, Quranic recitations, and Qibla direction, enabling users to integrate their spiritual practices into daily routines. However, despite their popularity, these applications vary significantly in terms of usability, design coherence, and user accessibility, issues which may hinder user engagement and satisfaction, particularly among non-technical or culturally diverse users. Addressing this gap, the present study offers a comparative usability evaluation of Muslim Pro and Sajda using Nielsen’s heuristic framework. Employing expert review and thematic analysis, the study reveals that Muslim Pro, though rich in features and visually appealing, suffers from intrusive advertisements, complex navigation, and feature restrictions for non-premium users. Conversely, Sajda performs strongly in interface simplicity and user control, though limited in functionality, language support, and customization. The findings contribute to the growing field of usability evaluation in Islamic digital applications and offer practical insights for developers aiming to enhance the accessibility, efficiency, and cultural relevance of Islamic lifestyle apps.

This study examines the comparative effectiveness of Petronas Eid advertisements on television and YouTube, focusing on visual and content presentation, ethics and values, and audience engagement perspectives. Using a qualitative approach, the research employs content analysis and in-depth interviews with respondents aged 22 to 55. The analysis of visual and content presentation and ethics and values is framed through the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to explore how central and peripheral pathways function across both platforms. Audience engagement is assessed through the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) by identifying with the data gathered from 7 research themes, including platform preferences, engagement experiences, and recommendations for improving engagement. This study aims to offer marketers valuable insights into selecting the most suitable platform for festival event advertising while ensuring the ethics and values standards are upheld and audience engagement is maximised.

The direct influence of technology on copyright was the main impetus for the development of copyright legislation. Because the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 is out of date, it does not address the technological advancements in copyright field. The state of Palestine drafted a proposal for new copyright legislation that governs the copyright protection for digital works, but owing to the suspension of the parliament, it has not been enacted. This research aims to examine issues of the meaning of digital copyright works, the requirements for copyright protection for digital works, copyright protection for digital works that described in the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911, the Palestine Copyright Draft (Proposal) 2013, and UK CDPA 1988 in order to strengthen a substantial component of the law in Palestine. The comparative research approach was used, along with a functional method. The findings of this research indicate that the Palestine Copyright Act 1911 lacks copyright protection for digital works, while the Palestine Copyright Draft 2013 governs this issue to some extent. This study suggests that before the copyright draft is approved, changes need to be made, especially in regard to the issue of copyright protection requirements.

One of the critical aspects in the development of Sharia banking is Sharia compliance, which differentiates Islamic banks from conventional banks. To ensure adherence to Sharia principles, a sound supervisory mechanism is required which is undertaken by the Sharia Supervisory Board (Dewan Pengawas Syariah, DPS). The aim of this study is to analyze the legal framework governing Sharia compliance supervision in Islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia, focusing on the role and authority of the DPS in each jurisdiction, using a qualitative research design based on fieldwork. The results show that those countries use a two level supervisory structure in Sharia governance. A Sharia fatwa council is obligated to standardize and harmonize Sharia rulings for the macro level, and institutional Sharia councils are responsible for overseeing the implementation of these fatwas within financial institutions at the micro level. The difference on the principal between both systems lies in the legal status of the fatwa council. In Malaysia, the Sharia Advisory Council (SAC) functions as a statutory body under the central bank, whereas in Indonesia, the Sharia National Council (Dewan Syariah Nasional) operates as a non-governmental organization under the Indonesian Islamic Scholar Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI). These organizational distinctions affect the legal standing and binding nature of the fatwas issued by each council.

Islamic personal financing (IPF) has now effectively been a part of the Malaysia Islamic banking industry providing alternative to traditional loans, which are in the form of Shariah acceptable contacts. But few studies have been conducted on the dissimilarity of the structure, disclosure and growth of personal financing between conventional and Islamic banks. The paper is an attempt to compare the personal financing in the two financial systems (Islamic and conventional), taking into consideration the kind of products on the market and the kind of contracts used. This study analyses annual reports of the Islamic and conventional banks and publications of the Bank Negara Malaysia on a timeframe of 2018 to 2023. The results indicate that the conventional banks have depended more on fixed interests on loan system the Islamic banks used mostly Tawarruq, then Murabahah, and Bay al-Inah with high level of variations on reporting transparency. This study concludes that despite the structural difference in products provided by Islamic banks, a majority of them remain similar to traditional financing in practice, which should encourage greater Shariah-based innovation as well as greater consistency in reporting.

This study seeks to develop a roadmap for (Human Resource Management [HRM] in Small and Medium Size [SMEs]) using bibliometric analysis techniques. It also seeks to examine elements have affected HRM in last two decades. The study examined 612 of 825 documents from Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis comprises three primary techniques such as performance analysis, science mapping, and network analysis. We utilize VOSviewer software to examine authorship, co-occurrence, co-citations, and thematic mapping. Based on results obtained, 2023 is most productive year with 104 publications. Surya, Batara has got the most influential author based on total citation, and University of Lincoln, UK, is most prominent organization. Additionally, USA is most influential country. “Sustainability (Switzerland)” is most influential journal in its category. Furthermore, top cited article, A structured review of Lean Six Sigma in various industrial sectors. This study has found five themes’ clusters of “human resource management practices in small and medium sized enterprises.”