In the title compound, C22H24N4O 2S2, the two thiourea segments of the side-arm groups are inclined at a dihedral angle of 73.09 (9)°. The central cyclohexane bridge adopts a chair conformation. The molecule is stabilized by N-H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bonds forming S(6) rings, and N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming infinite chains developing parallel to the b axis.

Medical experiments on humans are among the most dangerous that a person can be exposed to, especially in light of the tremendous scientific and technological progress that the health field is witnessing, which harms the human right to health safety, the problem of the study stems from the jurisprudential difference about the legality of medical experiments on the human body According to the traditional view, there is no legitimacy for medical experiments when they are stripped of the intention of treatment and cure, and therefore the doctor is asked about errors in the medical experiments that he conducts for the purposes of scientific research, while the modern jurisprudential view legitimizes medical experiments whenever they are for the purposes of healing, treatment and scientific research if they are abstract From the material character, and this requires the approval of rules and regulations for these experiments through the approval of legislation for this type of experiments, similar to many developed countries, such as the French law, and from this problem the objectives of the study are reflected, which is to clarify what is meant by non-therapeutic medical experiments, and to discuss the legitimacy of medical experiments other than Curative treatment on the human body, as well as clarifying the legislative position on non-therapeutic medical experiences on the human body, as well as explaining the responsibility for To violate the rules for conducting these experiments, and to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of the study, its approach is inductive approach based on extrapolating and analyzing texts, in order to reach effective solutions to the study problem.

There is demand for application of polymer materials in electrochemical devices, especially natural polymers, because of their superiority in mechanical integrity, affordability and biodegradability. In this work, solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBEs) comprising 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2-HEC) doped with different weight percentage of ammonium thiocyanate, NH4 SCN (0 – 44 wt.%) were prepared using a facile solution casting technique. The effects of NH4 SCN on ionic conductivity and dielectric properties of SBEs were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity recorded at room temperature showed massive improvement for pure 2-HEC from the value of 5.93 x 10-8 S cm-1 to 1.16 ×10-4 S cm-1, comprising 36 wt.% NH4 SCN. Meanwhile, at elevated temperatures, the ionic conductivity revealed the Arrhenius behaviour, where it increased proportional to the temperatures. In addition, by introducing NH4 SCN content as a proton donor, it also effectively reduced the activation energy of the SBEs, which further support enhancing the ionic conductivity. In dielectric permittivity study, the εr and εi increased as the NH4 SCN content increased, revealing the non-Debye dependency of the SBEs, which indicates that the SBEs are ionic conductors. The addition of the optimum value of NH4 SCN content showed good characteristic for electrochemical devices applications.

This study aims to analyze the application of constructivist theory in the 2013 curriculum for Arabic  learning in Indonesia. The study focuses on understanding how constructivist principles are activated, such as student-centered learning, the active role of students in constructing knowledge, meaningful learning, collaborative learning, contextual learning, problem-based learning, authentic assessment, and the use of technology. These principles are applied in the context of Arabic language teaching with the goal of improving students' understanding and communicative skills. The researchers employed a qualitative research method with a library research approach to analyze documents related to the 2013 curriculum and constructivist theory. The results showed that the 2013 curriculum supports a constructivist learning environment through activities such as observation and exploration, experiments and discovery, collaborative projects, formative assessment, and the use of technology as a learning tool. However, there is a gap between the theory and actual practice, as some teachers tend to use traditional teacher-centered methods. The study recommends addressing this gap by training teachers and raising their awareness of the importance of applying constructivist principles in education. These recommendations reflect the importance of adhering to the philosophical foundation of constructivist theory to achieve Arabic learning that enables students to actively and meaningfully construct their knowledge and skills.

There is a misconception that 21st century education is all about using the right online tools. However, the premise of 21st century education requires the integration of relevant content, skills and instructional support to enhance knowledge processes in line with the requirement of 21st century learning to arrive at meaningful learning experience and not merely the use of online tools. To enhance the integration, an Online Multiliteracies Project Approach (eMULPA) framework is designed by incorporating teachers’ presence, online tools, learning materials, collaborative efforts while fulfilling the syllabus requirement so that the interconnectedness in these elements would give learners a learning experince that is worthwhile and meaningful. The framework which encompases the knowledge processes: exploration, contexualization, investigation, delibration and consolidation is expected to assist learners to have meaningful learning. This paper focuses on the learners’experiences while undergoing the knowledge processes in eMULPA. Data collection tools were interviews, teaching documents and learners’ reflective journals. For this paper, only data from learners’ reflective journal were drawn, coded for themes and explicated because reflective journal is one of the reliable means to gather information on the metacognitive processes undergone by learners. The preliminary findings demonstrated learners’ have undergone meaningful learning experiences through the eMULPA knowledge processes higlighted above. Thus, the implementation of eMULPA is expected to assist learners to acquire the 21st century skills.

Teaching practicum is an essential part of teacher-training that provides real classroom engagement for a beginner teacher. It is considered as one of the most critical components of teacher preparation with the greatest impact on teacher quality (Mtika, 2011; Zeichner, 2010; Graham, 2006; Tang, 2003) and is significant for the development of their pedagogical skills (Kauffman, 1992). The sudden upsurge of the Covid -19 infections around the world in the first quarter of 2020, witnessed massive closure of schools worldwide in order to contain the spread of the pandemic. This unexpected turn of events had flipped the more traditional face-to-face method of teaching and learning into distance learning that requires 21st. Century technology and skills. This paper explores the experience of a group of trainee teachers from an institute of higher learning in Malaysia, at managing this unprecedented challenge in delivering education remotely via technology. Data were collected from interviews and supplemental written records in the form of lesson plans, teaching evidence, and online tools employed for teaching and learning. The findings show that the trainee teachers undergo varied and often challenging experiences in ensuring the continuity of curriculum-based education and the students’ progress in learning. Their successes in delivering the lessons amidst the novel encounters are the epitome of resilient and flexible teachers in the making.

This study examines the rapid progress of 3D printing technology and its increasing importance in the food industry. The focus is on its potential to address sustainability challenges and fulfill consumer demands through customized mass production. The study begins with a brief overview of the history of 3D printing technology and traces its development and application in food production. The study then explores how 3D printing can contribute to sustainable food production by reducing waste, improving resource efficiency, and optimizing supply chains. It also discusses the potential of 3D printing to meet the demands of mass customization and satisfy different consumer preferences, with a particular focus on the ability to produce food that conforms to religious, economic, and social values. The findings suggest that 3D printing technology not only supports the goals of sustainable food production but also provides a means to achieve greater consumer satisfaction through personalized and environmentally friendly food options.

This paper presents the large-scale parameters of narrowband multipath channel propagation of corridor environments for the fifth generation (5G) communications system. The measurements were conducted on narrow, wide and open corridor structure in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Kuala Lumpur campus, Malaysia. Measurements campaign are conducted at 6.5 GHz and 10.2 GHz , and path loss exponents (PLEs) and shadow fading are extracted using linear-least-square regression fitting from measured received-signal-strength (RSS) . Furthermore, the results measurements campaign is modeled using well-known closein reference distance (CI) and floating-intercept (FI) models. The result found in this work discovered the breakpoint distances (bps) of radio propagation are seen varies differently at those corridors for diverse frequencies.

Nursing education has undergone a significant transformation as a result of artificial intelligence(AI). Chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, have emerged as vital AI technologies within the nursing domain as it is a computer program designed to simulate human conversation through text or voice interactions. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to gain insights into the publication trends, citation impact, and thematic evolution in nursing education and practice concerning ChatGPT and chatbots. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSViewer, concentrating on citation networks for data analysis and visualisation. A review of LENS.org identified 344 relevant research publications regarding chatbots and ChatGPT within the nursing discipline, all of which were utilised in the study. The study examined various aspects, including types of publications, prominent authors, leading journals, participating nations, institutions, and the impact of ChatGPT on nursing practice. The primary objectives included categorising the papers, identifying the most influential authors, delineating the prominent areas and institutions in the field, and examining the impact of ChatGPT on nursing education and practice. The findings indicate that ChatGPT positively impacts nursing education by enhancing learning experiences, improving communication, and aiding clinical decision-making. The findings indicate that journal articles accounted for 76% of publications, with the U.S. leading in research output. The findings indicate that ChatGPT positively impacts nursing education by enhancing learning experiences, improving communication, and aiding clinical decision-making. Future research should focus on establishing frameworks for integrating ChatGPT into nursing education, addressing ethical implications, and assessing the long-term impacts on patient care.

Purpose–Halal tourism has grown significantly, driven by the increasing global Muslim population and disposable income. However, comprehensive analysis of the research landscape is lacking. This study bridges this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research from 2014 to 2024 and examining growth trends, key contributors, and collaborative networks.Methodology–Using Scopus data, 244 documents from 132 sources were analyzed.Findings –Research on halal tourism has grown at an annual rate of 34.24%. Contributions from 645 authors, averaging 3.25 co-authors per document, indicate robust collaboration. Key journals include theJournal of Islamic Marketing, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism,and Tourism Management Perspectives. Thematic clustersinclude economic impact, marketing strategies, sustainability, and religious aspects. Indonesia and Malaysia, led by Universitas Airlangga and the University of Malaya, dominate the research output and citation impact. The findings suggest that enhancing visibility and impact requires focusing on high-quality projects, strategic collaboration, and active dissemination.Implications–This study identifies key trends and research gaps, guiding future studies, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. For industry stakeholders, it underscores the importance of targeted marketing and sustainable practices in catering to Muslim travelers. Policymakers should be encouraged to develop standardized halal tourism frameworks, enhance international collaboration, and support research initiatives for sustainable sector growth.Originality–This study offers a unique perspective through a comparative bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research in Indonesia and Malaysia, identifying emerging trends and collaboration networks, while providing new directions for future studies and partnerships.

This study aims to identify the research progress and trends in orang asli scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database with the help of the Biblioshiny (Rstudio). The bibliometric analysis of 685 articles was focused on describing the characteristics and trend of the publications performance, word co-occurence, authors and journal. The main results show that the research publications on orang asli were limited but experienced a positive growth trend from 1968 to 2022. The existing publications in the orang asli research domain are mainly discussed in subject categories of medicine, social sciences, agricultural and biological science,and also the arts and humanities related to orang asli. This study found that the most frequently used words in the publications on orang asli center around health, encompassing a broad range of themes. “Child” and “rural areas” were widely used to conclude that the research on children was quite extensive in various aspects such as illness, genetics and school. This finding will benefit future studies on creating a solid insight on similar areas or to fill the knowledge gaps in the current literature on orang asli research over time.

Purpose: This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on unemployment Takaful, job loss protection, and unemployment insurance from 2012 to 2023, illuminating trends, key contributions, and focal areas within the realm of insurance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the Scopus database, a systematic search was conducted using the keywords "unemployment takaful", "job loss protection", "unemployment insurance", and "insurance". Publications were then analyzed to determine their distribution by year, contributing authors and institutions, citation frequency, keyword co-occurrence, and more. Findings: The period 2012 to 2023 witnessed a significant increase in research concerning unemployment protection mechanisms. "Unemployment Insurance" emerges as a central topic, underscoring the focus on mechanisms to support individuals during joblessness, with major contributions from Friedman, 2014. Geographic distribution indicated a pronounced focus in United States (USA). Research Limitations/Implications: The analysis is constrained by the scope of the Scopus database and the selected keywords, potentially omitting relevant studies indexed elsewhere or under different terms. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary approaches in studying unemployment protection mechanisms and suggest potential avenues for future research. Practical Implications: The findings of this study showed there is a gap of the research in takaful discussing on the issues of employment safety. Most of the research conducted in developed nations and insurance company. This is suggested that, takaful should explored the are of unemployment takaful by providing an alternative for Muslim customers. Originality/Value: This bibliometric analysis presents a holistic overview of the literature landscape on unemployment protection mechanisms during a pivotal period. It serves as a foundational reference for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders keen on understanding the evolution, trends, and gaps in this field.

Ransomware remains a critical and evolving cybersecurity threat, increasingly rendering traditional signature-based detection techniques ineffective. While modern machine learning models achieve high detection accuracy, they often operate as opaque “black boxes”, introducing a significant explainability gap that undermines analyst trust. In addition, behavior-based anomaly detection systems frequently suffer from high false-positive rates, limiting their operational viability. To address these challenges, this study adopts a Design Science Research Methodology to develop a novel, interpretable, multi-stage ransomware detection framework. The proposed architecture integrates three complementary components: a bio-inspired Negative Selection Algorithm from Artificial Immune Systems to filter benign behavioral patterns, a first-order Markov chain model to capture probabilistic deviations in execution sequences, and a Random Forest ensemble classifier to synthesize these signals for final decision-making. The framework is evaluated using a dual-pipeline experimental design on real-world ransomware and benign software samples, enabling controlled comparison between probabilistic and pattern-based behavioral modeling. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high detection performance while maintaining a low false-positive rate and providing interpretable behavioral evidence. Overall, the framework offers a principled balance between detection effectiveness and interpretability, addressing key limitations of existing ransomware detection systems.

Introduction: The purpose of the current case is to give a detail description on an incidence of a traumatized upper left central incisor with symptomatic periapical periodontitis which was root treated. Descriptions: The apical portion of the tooth had a large apical lesion with external root resorption that end up with an open apex due to the loss of tooth cementum, dentine and adjacent hard tissue. The tooth was endodontically retreated, and the apical region was treated surgically with apical curettage and retrograde Mineral Trioxide Aggregate filling (MTA). Results: The affected tooth was considered successful both functionally and aesthetically during a 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: Apicoectomy and retrograde filling with MTA is a viable option in case of treating traumatized tooth with large peri-apical lesion and open apex

Chronic oral ulcer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a diagnostic challenge in primary health care. The possible causes include the disease itself, side effect of treatment, malignancy and infections. This is a case of a 63-year-old woman with underlying rheumatoid arthritis presented with chronic solitary oral ulcer. She was on oral methotrexate (MTX) and high dose folic acid for five years with good compliance. Tissue biopsy showed marked inflammatory cells infiltration and nuclear hyperchromatism with no evidence of malignancy nor infection. The ulcer was resolved after completing antifungal treatment for six weeks following failure of improvement after empirical antibiotic, elimination of possible trauma and discontinuation of MTX. The fungal staining was negative. There are possibilities of false negative results, thus broadened diagnosis with repeated and further investigations are recommended in cases who did not respond to conventional treatment.

Cryptography is essential for securing digital communication, but many school students have a limited understanding of it, especially in modern and quantum cryptography. This case study examines the understanding of cryptography concepts among gifted students in the school context, focusing on awareness and perceptions. The study involved 45 secondary school students aged between 13 and 17 years. The quantitative questionnaire item was developed based on the KAP model. The survey was conducted online and was distributed via a messaging platform. Data have been analysed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, and mean scores. The results showed that approximately half of the students were aware of general cryptographic concepts, fewer reported having learned about modern cryptography, and only a minimal number were familiar with quantum cryptography. The mean score for each item indicated the highest satisfaction. Despite these gaps, most students agreed that cryptography is important for protecting data and involves encoding messages using mathematical and key-based methods. This case study concludes that there is a considerable lack of awareness and conceptual clarity among students regarding advanced cryptographic topics. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating cryptography into the national school curriculum, particularly in light of the increasing digital threats and the future relevance of quantum technologies. Early exposure to and engagement with educational modules can help bridge the gap and foster a new generation of cybersecurity-aware learners equipped for the digital age.

Online learning has revolutionized education by offering a flexible platform that transcends geographical boundaries and time constraints. It provides various multimedia resources, interactive exercises, and personalized feedback, enhancing the learning experience. However, online classes have challenges, such as decreased student engagement, technical issues, and a lack of structure, leading to procrastination and decreased productivity. This research aims to delve into the level of satisfaction experienced by talented high school students in terms of their virtual classroom experience. The study was conducted through an online survey using purposive and convenient sampling techniques. The data analysis showed that most students expressed satisfaction with the online classes, indicating that they found them informative, engaging, and meaningful. However, a few minor adjustments could be made to enhance students' experience, such as more opportunities for interactive participation, additional resources, and more precise instructions. Overall, the research highlights the positive impact of online education on the learning experience of gifted high school students

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are used to ensure that cloud infrastructures are not vulnerable to unauthorized access and malicious activity. The research paper proposes a unique intrusion detection algorithm that can be applied to cloud systems based on deep learning techniques. It employs deep learning algorithms, such as Feed Forward Autoencoder to extract features and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) to classify. GRU model correctly identifies patterns that indicate that one is attempting to compromise the system by examining temporal variation of cloud activity. The Feed Forward Autoencoder is fed raw data; thus, it is more precise in distinguishing between classes. Trained on the KDD Cup 99 Dataset and the CICIDS2017 dataset. It achieves a very high accuracy of 99.86% on the CICIDS2017 dataset and 97.8% on the KDD CUP 99 dataset. The model consists of three GRU layers and dense output. This degree of accuracy demonstrates that the proposed approach can be helpful in identifying various types of intrusions within cloud systems. The intrusion detection system proposed might turn cloud infrastructures safer and more secure by applying deep learning algorithms and large dataset training. The work is part of the current research aimed at creating more accurate and efficient means of detecting sensitive data and resources in the cloud computing environment. This model achieved 99.86% accuracy, 99.85 precision, 99.77 recall and 99.86 F-Score.

In the era of Education 4.0, transitioning to Education 5.0, the use of gamified educational applications has become increasingly popular to enhance student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. Traditional teaching methods are now often supplemented with digital tools that turn passive learning into interactive experiences. This study was designed to analyze and compare 44 educational applications commonly used in classroom settings, with a focus on their gamification features, usability, and educational impact. The objective of this study is to help educators select the most effective tools to enhance student engagement and support meaningful learning experiences. The study employed a qualitative descriptive review of each application, focusing on its features, functions, and significance in teaching and learning. The findings indicated that many applications effectively incorporated gamification elements such as points, leaderboards, challenges, and real-time feedback to boost student motivation and engagement. Others emphasized features that support creativity, collaboration, and classroom management, offering diverse approaches to enhance the teaching and learning experience. The comparison also highlighted the importance of features like offline access, cross-platform compatibility, and reporting tools for tracking student progress. While most applications offer basic functionalities for free, many require paid subscriptions to access advanced features. This study provides practical insights for educators, equipping them with the knowledge to align technology use with pedagogical goals and student needs. By understanding the distinct features and strengths of each tool, educators can create learning environments that support 21st-century skills, active learning, and a positive classroom culture across various educational settings.

Managing women with diminished ovarian reserve for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is challenging, often resulting in low oocyte yield and cycle failures. We hypothesize that coupling in vitro fertilization (IVF) with rescue in vitro maturation (r-IVM) can improve overall maturation rates without compromising the overall IVF outcome. Our study compared DOR and normal ovarian reserve (NOR) cohorts by evaluating 15 immature oocyte progressions following r-IVM. We analyzed the gene expression of cumulus cells related to GREM1, PTGS2, and HAS2 to correlate with OQ, EQ, and overall IVF outcome. Significant differences were noted in AMH levels, AFCs, and oocyte numbers (p < 0.05). Following r-IVM, the DOR cohort achieved a 50% maturation rate with improved overall quality; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Fertilization rates were comparable, but EQ was better in DOR. All genes in DOR were upregulated post-r-IVM, whereas NOR showed downregulation of PTGS2 and GREM1 (p < 0.05). Otherwise, DOR exhibited higher pregnancy rates and live birth rates, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that r-IVM could provide improved fertility outcomes for DOR women in standard IVF cycles.