In the title compound, C22H24N4O 2S2, the two thiourea segments of the side-arm groups are inclined at a dihedral angle of 73.09 (9)°. The central cyclohexane bridge adopts a chair conformation. The molecule is stabilized by N-H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bonds forming S(6) rings, and N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming infinite chains developing parallel to the b axis.

Medical experiments on humans are among the most dangerous that a person can be exposed to, especially in light of the tremendous scientific and technological progress that the health field is witnessing, which harms the human right to health safety, the problem of the study stems from the jurisprudential difference about the legality of medical experiments on the human body According to the traditional view, there is no legitimacy for medical experiments when they are stripped of the intention of treatment and cure, and therefore the doctor is asked about errors in the medical experiments that he conducts for the purposes of scientific research, while the modern jurisprudential view legitimizes medical experiments whenever they are for the purposes of healing, treatment and scientific research if they are abstract From the material character, and this requires the approval of rules and regulations for these experiments through the approval of legislation for this type of experiments, similar to many developed countries, such as the French law, and from this problem the objectives of the study are reflected, which is to clarify what is meant by non-therapeutic medical experiments, and to discuss the legitimacy of medical experiments other than Curative treatment on the human body, as well as clarifying the legislative position on non-therapeutic medical experiences on the human body, as well as explaining the responsibility for To violate the rules for conducting these experiments, and to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of the study, its approach is inductive approach based on extrapolating and analyzing texts, in order to reach effective solutions to the study problem.

There is demand for application of polymer materials in electrochemical devices, especially natural polymers, because of their superiority in mechanical integrity, affordability and biodegradability. In this work, solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBEs) comprising 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2-HEC) doped with different weight percentage of ammonium thiocyanate, NH4 SCN (0 – 44 wt.%) were prepared using a facile solution casting technique. The effects of NH4 SCN on ionic conductivity and dielectric properties of SBEs were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity recorded at room temperature showed massive improvement for pure 2-HEC from the value of 5.93 x 10-8 S cm-1 to 1.16 ×10-4 S cm-1, comprising 36 wt.% NH4 SCN. Meanwhile, at elevated temperatures, the ionic conductivity revealed the Arrhenius behaviour, where it increased proportional to the temperatures. In addition, by introducing NH4 SCN content as a proton donor, it also effectively reduced the activation energy of the SBEs, which further support enhancing the ionic conductivity. In dielectric permittivity study, the εr and εi increased as the NH4 SCN content increased, revealing the non-Debye dependency of the SBEs, which indicates that the SBEs are ionic conductors. The addition of the optimum value of NH4 SCN content showed good characteristic for electrochemical devices applications.

There is a misconception that 21st century education is all about using the right online tools. However, the premise of 21st century education requires the integration of relevant content, skills and instructional support to enhance knowledge processes in line with the requirement of 21st century learning to arrive at meaningful learning experience and not merely the use of online tools. To enhance the integration, an Online Multiliteracies Project Approach (eMULPA) framework is designed by incorporating teachers’ presence, online tools, learning materials, collaborative efforts while fulfilling the syllabus requirement so that the interconnectedness in these elements would give learners a learning experince that is worthwhile and meaningful. The framework which encompases the knowledge processes: exploration, contexualization, investigation, delibration and consolidation is expected to assist learners to have meaningful learning. This paper focuses on the learners’experiences while undergoing the knowledge processes in eMULPA. Data collection tools were interviews, teaching documents and learners’ reflective journals. For this paper, only data from learners’ reflective journal were drawn, coded for themes and explicated because reflective journal is one of the reliable means to gather information on the metacognitive processes undergone by learners. The preliminary findings demonstrated learners’ have undergone meaningful learning experiences through the eMULPA knowledge processes higlighted above. Thus, the implementation of eMULPA is expected to assist learners to acquire the 21st century skills.

Teaching practicum is an essential part of teacher-training that provides real classroom engagement for a beginner teacher. It is considered as one of the most critical components of teacher preparation with the greatest impact on teacher quality (Mtika, 2011; Zeichner, 2010; Graham, 2006; Tang, 2003) and is significant for the development of their pedagogical skills (Kauffman, 1992). The sudden upsurge of the Covid -19 infections around the world in the first quarter of 2020, witnessed massive closure of schools worldwide in order to contain the spread of the pandemic. This unexpected turn of events had flipped the more traditional face-to-face method of teaching and learning into distance learning that requires 21st. Century technology and skills. This paper explores the experience of a group of trainee teachers from an institute of higher learning in Malaysia, at managing this unprecedented challenge in delivering education remotely via technology. Data were collected from interviews and supplemental written records in the form of lesson plans, teaching evidence, and online tools employed for teaching and learning. The findings show that the trainee teachers undergo varied and often challenging experiences in ensuring the continuity of curriculum-based education and the students’ progress in learning. Their successes in delivering the lessons amidst the novel encounters are the epitome of resilient and flexible teachers in the making.

The study aims to identify possible ways and methods of guiding investments and selecting projects. It must undergo in-depth studies to prove its feasibility in development. There should also be a set of legitimate, economic, and social criteria for preference between investment projects and economic activities shall be arranged based on the priorities of the Islamic interest (Maslahah). Then such projects shall have criteria and foundations on which to evaluate and measure development performance and social impact to achieve inclusive and sustainable development of our Islamic communities. The researcher concluded that the system of investment priorities should be adhered to in all investment policies and processes and that social responsibility should be activated as one of the most important factors for enhancing development performance. The study also recommends a vigorous pursuit toward creating new standards and indicators that enhance the developmental role of Islamic institutions.

Purpose–Halal tourism has grown significantly, driven by the increasing global Muslim population and disposable income. However, comprehensive analysis of the research landscape is lacking. This study bridges this gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research from 2014 to 2024 and examining growth trends, key contributors, and collaborative networks.Methodology–Using Scopus data, 244 documents from 132 sources were analyzed.Findings –Research on halal tourism has grown at an annual rate of 34.24%. Contributions from 645 authors, averaging 3.25 co-authors per document, indicate robust collaboration. Key journals include theJournal of Islamic Marketing, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism,and Tourism Management Perspectives. Thematic clustersinclude economic impact, marketing strategies, sustainability, and religious aspects. Indonesia and Malaysia, led by Universitas Airlangga and the University of Malaya, dominate the research output and citation impact. The findings suggest that enhancing visibility and impact requires focusing on high-quality projects, strategic collaboration, and active dissemination.Implications–This study identifies key trends and research gaps, guiding future studies, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. For industry stakeholders, it underscores the importance of targeted marketing and sustainable practices in catering to Muslim travelers. Policymakers should be encouraged to develop standardized halal tourism frameworks, enhance international collaboration, and support research initiatives for sustainable sector growth.Originality–This study offers a unique perspective through a comparative bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research in Indonesia and Malaysia, identifying emerging trends and collaboration networks, while providing new directions for future studies and partnerships.

This study aims to identify the research progress and trends in orang asli scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database with the help of the Biblioshiny (Rstudio). The bibliometric analysis of 685 articles was focused on describing the characteristics and trend of the publications performance, word co-occurence, authors and journal. The main results show that the research publications on orang asli were limited but experienced a positive growth trend from 1968 to 2022. The existing publications in the orang asli research domain are mainly discussed in subject categories of medicine, social sciences, agricultural and biological science,and also the arts and humanities related to orang asli. This study found that the most frequently used words in the publications on orang asli center around health, encompassing a broad range of themes. “Child” and “rural areas” were widely used to conclude that the research on children was quite extensive in various aspects such as illness, genetics and school. This finding will benefit future studies on creating a solid insight on similar areas or to fill the knowledge gaps in the current literature on orang asli research over time.

Purpose: This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on unemployment Takaful, job loss protection, and unemployment insurance from 2012 to 2023, illuminating trends, key contributions, and focal areas within the realm of insurance. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the Scopus database, a systematic search was conducted using the keywords "unemployment takaful", "job loss protection", "unemployment insurance", and "insurance". Publications were then analyzed to determine their distribution by year, contributing authors and institutions, citation frequency, keyword co-occurrence, and more. Findings: The period 2012 to 2023 witnessed a significant increase in research concerning unemployment protection mechanisms. "Unemployment Insurance" emerges as a central topic, underscoring the focus on mechanisms to support individuals during joblessness, with major contributions from Friedman, 2014. Geographic distribution indicated a pronounced focus in United States (USA). Research Limitations/Implications: The analysis is constrained by the scope of the Scopus database and the selected keywords, potentially omitting relevant studies indexed elsewhere or under different terms. The findings underscore the need for interdisciplinary approaches in studying unemployment protection mechanisms and suggest potential avenues for future research. Practical Implications: The findings of this study showed there is a gap of the research in takaful discussing on the issues of employment safety. Most of the research conducted in developed nations and insurance company. This is suggested that, takaful should explored the are of unemployment takaful by providing an alternative for Muslim customers. Originality/Value: This bibliometric analysis presents a holistic overview of the literature landscape on unemployment protection mechanisms during a pivotal period. It serves as a foundational reference for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders keen on understanding the evolution, trends, and gaps in this field.

Online learning has revolutionized education by offering a flexible platform that transcends geographical boundaries and time constraints. It provides various multimedia resources, interactive exercises, and personalized feedback, enhancing the learning experience. However, online classes have challenges, such as decreased student engagement, technical issues, and a lack of structure, leading to procrastination and decreased productivity. This research aims to delve into the level of satisfaction experienced by talented high school students in terms of their virtual classroom experience. The study was conducted through an online survey using purposive and convenient sampling techniques. The data analysis showed that most students expressed satisfaction with the online classes, indicating that they found them informative, engaging, and meaningful. However, a few minor adjustments could be made to enhance students' experience, such as more opportunities for interactive participation, additional resources, and more precise instructions. Overall, the research highlights the positive impact of online education on the learning experience of gifted high school students

This study examines the comparative effectiveness of Petronas Eid advertisements on television and YouTube, focusing on visual and content presentation, ethics and values, and audience engagement perspectives. Using a qualitative approach, the research employs content analysis and in-depth interviews with respondents aged 22 to 55. The analysis of visual and content presentation and ethics and values is framed through the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to explore how central and peripheral pathways function across both platforms. Audience engagement is assessed through the Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) by identifying with the data gathered from 7 research themes, including platform preferences, engagement experiences, and recommendations for improving engagement. This study aims to offer marketers valuable insights into selecting the most suitable platform for festival event advertising while ensuring the ethics and values standards are upheld and audience engagement is maximised.

The direct influence of technology on copyright was the main impetus for the development of copyright legislation. Because the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 is out of date, it does not address the technological advancements in copyright field. The state of Palestine drafted a proposal for new copyright legislation that governs the copyright protection for digital works, but owing to the suspension of the parliament, it has not been enacted. This research aims to examine issues of the meaning of digital copyright works, the requirements for copyright protection for digital works, copyright protection for digital works that described in the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911, the Palestine Copyright Draft (Proposal) 2013, and UK CDPA 1988 in order to strengthen a substantial component of the law in Palestine. The comparative research approach was used, along with a functional method. The findings of this research indicate that the Palestine Copyright Act 1911 lacks copyright protection for digital works, while the Palestine Copyright Draft 2013 governs this issue to some extent. This study suggests that before the copyright draft is approved, changes need to be made, especially in regard to the issue of copyright protection requirements.

Islamic personal financing (IPF) has now effectively been a part of the Malaysia Islamic banking industry providing alternative to traditional loans, which are in the form of Shariah acceptable contacts. But few studies have been conducted on the dissimilarity of the structure, disclosure and growth of personal financing between conventional and Islamic banks. The paper is an attempt to compare the personal financing in the two financial systems (Islamic and conventional), taking into consideration the kind of products on the market and the kind of contracts used. This study analyses annual reports of the Islamic and conventional banks and publications of the Bank Negara Malaysia on a timeframe of 2018 to 2023. The results indicate that the conventional banks have depended more on fixed interests on loan system the Islamic banks used mostly Tawarruq, then Murabahah, and Bay al-Inah with high level of variations on reporting transparency. This study concludes that despite the structural difference in products provided by Islamic banks, a majority of them remain similar to traditional financing in practice, which should encourage greater Shariah-based innovation as well as greater consistency in reporting.

This study seeks to develop a roadmap for (Human Resource Management [HRM] in Small and Medium Size [SMEs]) using bibliometric analysis techniques. It also seeks to examine elements have affected HRM in last two decades. The study examined 612 of 825 documents from Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis comprises three primary techniques such as performance analysis, science mapping, and network analysis. We utilize VOSviewer software to examine authorship, co-occurrence, co-citations, and thematic mapping. Based on results obtained, 2023 is most productive year with 104 publications. Surya, Batara has got the most influential author based on total citation, and University of Lincoln, UK, is most prominent organization. Additionally, USA is most influential country. “Sustainability (Switzerland)” is most influential journal in its category. Furthermore, top cited article, A structured review of Lean Six Sigma in various industrial sectors. This study has found five themes’ clusters of “human resource management practices in small and medium sized enterprises.”

Monitoring changes intooth structures and early diagnosis of carious lesions require quantitative imaging techniques. A chalky white spot on the tooth’s surface indicates enamel demineralization, early stage of thecarious lesion. Many advanced imaging modalities for identifying tooth tissuesimagehave been created, including magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), X-ray Computed Tomography, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), ultrasound, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and the most recent, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). In obtaining image information, some modalities use high dosesof radiation and energy that might harmpatient’s health. Most early commercial OCTs had limitations,such as bulkysizeandlow image resolution. To address the issues, this study proposes a dual mode tomography technique by combining OCT and ultrasound systemusing COMSOLMultiphysics software.Both methods offered non-invasive, non-ionizing, economical, and painless imaging techniques.The application of ultrasound system will help to overcome the OCT’s limitation to detect the penetration depth of caries lesion. Several simulations were performed to analyze the light and ultrasonic propagated waves which penetrate through the incisor teeth. In response to this goal, images of incisor teeth were created in silico with a high spatial resolution. As a result, the combination of OCT and ultrasound may offer the best approach for displaying and examiningchanges inthe oral cavity.

Dental diagnostic imaging plays a significant role in the field of dentistry. In the oral environment, continuous demineralization and remineralization of tooth structure is common. Early diagnosis and monitoring of carious lesions are essential, and enamel abnormalities require quantitative imaging techniques. Among the imaging modalities available are radiography, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, to obtain imaging information on dental diagnostics, most of these systems rely on specific radiation and energy which might be harmful to health. To overcome the aforementioned problem, this research proposes a conceptual modeling of ultrasonic tomography system to detect enamel abnormalities using simulation from COMSOL software. Ultrasonic tomography can be obtained by the presence of acoustic waves transmitted from a source and the reflection of the waves at the investigated area. The transmissiontechnique yielded 0.0041260 V for 7 MHz and 0.0003841 V for 25 MHz, but the reflection method yielded 0.000060 V for 7 MHz and 0.000211 V for 25 MHz. The transmissionapproach produces the greatest difference in voltage when compared to the reflectionmethod. This suggests that, in comparison to the reflectiontechnique, the transmissionmethod is significantly better at detecting changes on the tooth surface.

The Malaysia Madani concept, introduced as a framework for national development, encapsulates a vision for a society rooted in ethical governance, inclusivity, and sustainable progress. The core values include sustainability (kemampanan), prosperity (kesejahteraan), innovation (daya cipta), respect (hormat), trust (keyakinan) and compassion (ihsan). This conceptual study explores the Malaysia Madani concept, which presents an integrated approach to Islamic business ethics and applies to marketing practices. This is particularly pertinent in today's globalized economy when ethical concerns are becoming more intricate. The research data gathering is based on a literature review of prior and recent reports and studies including Al-Quran and hadith on the Madani concept, Islamic business ethics, and Islamic marketing practices, The findings discussed the practical implications of the Madani concept and Islamic business ethics, as well as their relevance to contemporary marketing practices. By adopting this approach, Malaysian businesses can achieve both economic prosperity and make significant contributions to the ethical and sustainable advancement of society.

One of the biggest breakthroughs in Malaysia's financial ecosystem is the introduction of financial robo-advisors (FRAs), an artificial intelligence or AI-powered tools that automate investor portfolio management. FRAs, despite being new in Malaysia, are rapidly advancing with untapped research potential. In addition, FRAs are gaining popularity among the financial consumers in a tech-driven world. Unfortunately, there is a lack of research focusing on retail investors on FRAs. Malaysia, the global Islamic finance hub, employs FRAs for Islamic financial product advisory services, but research on their use in educating retail advisors is limited. This paper proposes a simple yet comprehensive conceptual model that expands the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to identify the main determinants influencing the intention to use FRAs for Islamic financial products among retail investors in Malaysia.

The quality of tax audits plays a critical role in ensuring the transparency, accuracy, and integrity of the taxation system, which in turn contributes to public confidence and higher tax compliance. In an increasingly complex and dynamic business world, understanding the factors that affect the quality of tax audits is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the existing literature to identify and analyze the factors. The motivation of this study is to fill the knowledge gap and provide a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners in the field of taxation. Data sources are obtained from academic journals by identifying the main themes and patterns that encompass from around the world, countries in Southeast Asia, and narrow down to Malaysian studies. The categorization of tax audit quality studies into these three groups allows for the identification of variations in the variables and research techniques used, as well as the comprehension of the cultural and regional context for the audit quality study issue. The results of the study show that there are several main factors that affect the quality of tax audits, including auditor skills, knowledge, experience, information technology (IT), job satisfaction and time. The study also found that the interaction between these factors can strengthen or weaken the quality of tax audits. In conclusion, this study provides an in-depth view of the factors that affect the quality of tax audits and underlines the importance of a holistic approach in dealing with this issue. The findings of this study can help tax authorities, audit firms, and policy makers especially to Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) in devising more effective strategies to improve the quality of tax audits.

This study examines the relationship between digital adaptation and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance across selected Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) upper-middle-income countries. Using panel data from 2014 to 2023, the study focuses on two key indicators of digital infrastructure namely internet penetration and fixed broadband subscription; and evaluates their influence on SDG outcomes. To account for broader structural factors, the model includes control variables such as GDP per capita growth, education index, urbanization rate, and government effectiveness. Static panel data estimations, including Pooled OLS, Fixed Effects (FE), and Random Effects (RE) models, are employed. The Hausman test confirms the appropriateness of the FE model. The results reveal that internet penetration has a statistically significant and positive impact on SDG performance, while broadband access shows weaker effects. Among the control variables, economic growth and urbanization are positively associated with SDG outcomes, whereas education displays a counterintuitive negative effect. Governance shows mixed results, suggesting longer-term institutional reform may be needed to support sustainable development. The findings underscore the importance of digital infrastructure as a key enabler of SDG achievement and call for targeted investment in internet access and inclusive urban development. This study contributes to the literature on digital development and sustainability by offering policy-relevant insights for OIC countries navigating the digital transition.