This study aims to identify the research progress and trends in orang asli scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database with the help of the Biblioshiny (Rstudio). The bibliometric analysis of 685 articles was focused on describing the characteristics and trend of the publications performance, word co-occurence, authors and journal. The main results show that the research publications on orang asli were limited but experienced a positive growth trend from 1968 to 2022. The existing publications in the orang asli research domain are mainly discussed in subject categories of medicine, social sciences, agricultural and biological science,and also the arts and humanities related to orang asli. This study found that the most frequently used words in the publications on orang asli center around health, encompassing a broad range of themes. “Child” and “rural areas” were widely used to conclude that the research on children was quite extensive in various aspects such as illness, genetics and school. This finding will benefit future studies on creating a solid insight on similar areas or to fill the knowledge gaps in the current literature on orang asli research over time.

This study introduces a new variant of RSI formula (named as RSIMC) that incorporates market capitalisation as an alternative signal for capturing corporate actions in RSI calculation, instead of using closing price. It aims to address the limitations in traditional RSI, capturing both corporate actions impact and market sentiments. The research aims to provide a more comprehensive view of market dynamics by accounting for corporate actions and capturing the magnitude of price changes. By using historical data from the closing prices of 20 selected Malaysian stocks and corporate actions occurring between July 2014 to June 2024 (10 years span), the study compares the performance of the newly-developed RSI formula with traditional RSI, RSIM and TN-RSI methods. The findings present comparative analyses of performance metrics, revealing that stop loss conditions improved significantly for complete trade frequency, while TN-RSI dominated most of the profitability metrices. Cross-sectional Net Profit revealed that RSIMC achieved the highest overall profitability without stop loss (18.3%), while TN-RSI slightly outperformed RSIMC under stop loss conditions (15.6% vs 14.9%), highlighting RSIMC‘s potential advantage in interpreting adjusted price signals arising from corporate actions. Paired t-tests against the respective RSI variants indicated no statistically significant differences, whereas per-stock t-tests produced mixed results.

The direct influence of technology on copyright was the main impetus for the development of copyright legislation. Because the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 is out of date, it does not address the technological advancements in copyright field. The state of Palestine drafted a proposal for new copyright legislation that governs the copyright protection for digital works, but owing to the suspension of the parliament, it has not been enacted. This research aims to examine issues of the meaning of digital copyright works, the requirements for copyright protection for digital works, copyright protection for digital works that described in the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911, the Palestine Copyright Draft (Proposal) 2013, and UK CDPA 1988 in order to strengthen a substantial component of the law in Palestine. The comparative research approach was used, along with a functional method. The findings of this research indicate that the Palestine Copyright Act 1911 lacks copyright protection for digital works, while the Palestine Copyright Draft 2013 governs this issue to some extent. This study suggests that before the copyright draft is approved, changes need to be made, especially in regard to the issue of copyright protection requirements.

Using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as a green reagent is a step toward producing environmentally friendly and sustainable technology. This study screened three natural DESs developed using quaternary ammonium salt and organic acid to analyse their capability to extract nickel ions from contaminated mangrove soil, which are ChCl: Acetic Acid (ChCl-AceA), ChCl: Levulinic Acid (ChCl-LevA), and ChCl: Ethylene Glycol(ChCl-Eg) at molar ratio 1:2. The impact of various operating parameters such as washing agent concentration, pH solution, and contact time on the NADES performance in the dissolution of Ni ions batch experiments were performed. The optimal soil washing conditions for metal removal were 30% and 15% concentration, a 1:5 soil-liquid ratio, and pH 2 of ChCl-LevA and ChCl-AceA, respectively. A single removal washing may remove 70.8% and 70.0% Ni ions from the contaminated soil. The dissolution kinetic of Ni ions extraction onto NADES was explained using the linear kinetic pseudo and intraparticle mass transfer diffusion models. The kinetic validation demonstrates a good fit between the experimental and pseudo-second-order Lagergren data. The model’s maximum Ni dissolution capacity, Qe are 51.56 mg g−1 and 52.00 mg g−1 of ChCl-LevA and ChCl-AceA, respectively. The synthesised natural-based DES has the potential to be a cost-effective, efficient, green alternative extractant to conventional solvent extraction of heavy metals.

Xenotransplantation is the transplantation of living cells, tissues, or organs from animals to humans which has emerged as a potential solution to the persistent organ shortage in Malaysia. As demand for human organs continues to exceed supply, xenotransplantation offers a promising alternative to alleviate the critical gap and reduce mortality among patients awaiting transplantation. This study adopts a library research method, examining statutory materials, scholarly literature, and policy documents to assess the existing Malaysian legal framework relevant to xenotransplantation. The analysis highlights that although Malaysia has enacted laws such as the Animal Welfare Act 2015, which regulates ethical treatment of animals, and the Biosafety Act 2007, which governs genetically modified organisms, these laws only provide fragmented and indirect regulation. They do not comprehensively address the complex ethical, biosafety, medical, religious, and liability issues uniquely associated with xenotransplantation. The findings reveal a significant regulatory gap, particularly in areas such as source animal requirements, genetic modification controls, infection risk management, consent standards, clinical trial governance, and post-transplant monitoring. In view of these shortcomings, this study proposes the establishment of a dedicated Xenotransplantation Act to provide a holistic and specialised legal framework. Such legislation would ensure patient safety, uphold ethical standards, support scientific advancement, and align Malaysia with international best practices as xenotransplantation moves closer to clinical application

Since the introduction of the cultivated meat burger in 2013, numerous discussions have transpired between researchers and consumers, manifesting in various forms such as academic publications, opinions on personal websites and interactions on social platforms. For Muslim consumers, a primary concern revolves around the halal status of cultivated meat, given the pivotal role of adhering to a halal diet as a divine obligation in their lives. Therefore, this article seeks to systematically review the existing literature on cultivated meat from an Islamic perspective as articulated by Muslim scholars, whether these perspectives are issued by an established fatwa organisation or representations of personal views. The sources incorporated into this analysis span from academic publications, newspaper articles, fatwa bodies, personal websites and interviews. Employing thematic analysis, five principal themes were discerned within the discourse among Muslim scholars regarding cultivated meat: (i) the ontological status of cultivated meat, (ii) the status and source of stem cells used in the cultivation process, (iii) the theological implications of cultivated meat production on altering God's creation, (iv) foundational principles for halal cultivated meat production, and (v) the contemporary necessity of cultivated meat from the perspective of al-maqasid al-shariah. It is duly recommended that international fatwa organisations such as the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA) engage in discussions and deliberations on this matter of growing significance within the food industry. The fatwas and resolutions issued by IIFA are frequently cited as the most recognised authority in many Islamic countries.

The use of cryptocurrency among Muslims as a financial instrument has sparked a debate in its compatibility with Islamic principles. This systematic literature review examines the implementation of the use of cryptocurrency from an Islamic perspective, focusing on its compliance with Sharia law, issues and views of scholars on it and socio-economic implications. The review synthesizes existing research to explore key themes such as the trustworthiness of cryptocurrencies under Islamic jurisprudence, their potential as a medium for improving the Muslim economy, and the associated risks and benefits. The findings reveal different scholarly opinions, with some highlighting the innovative potential of cryptocurrencies in promoting the Muslim economy while others emphasize concerns over volatility, speculation and a lack of intrinsic value, which may conflict with Islamic ethical and legal frameworks. This review also identifies gaps in the literature and provides recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among Islamic scholars, economists and technologists to develop comprehensive guidelines for the use of cryptocurrencies in Islamic finance.

iRole Play is one of the most authentic communication activities that students in tertiary level can have in the university to learn the nuances of communication strategy in maintaining discourse. The integration of iRole Play in classroom promotes the integration of innovative pedagogical tool to enhance communication skills amongst pre-university EFL students engaged in simulated classroom interactions. This study investigates the use of iRole Play as a digital learning strategy to improve students’ communication competence in simulated classroom interactions. The study aims to examine how iRole Play activities enhance students’ ability to manage the situation in the classroom in different types of situations. Conducted as a mixed-method action research project, data were collected from surveys and student recorded iRole Plays. Findings suggest that iRole Play encourages varied communication skills, increases awareness of proper discourse, and boosts confidence in real communication settings. This study proposes that integrating iRole Play into the communication classroom offers a learner-centered method to foster critical speaking skills aligned with the demands of everyday communication. The findings have implications for the incorporation of digital tools in preuniversity EFL curricula and classroom communication pedagogy.

This study examines the domain of Islamic social finance within the framework of addressing prevalent challenges and harnessing potential for significant socio-economic impact. It lies in the acknowledged ability of Islamic social finance mechanisms - zakat, Islamic crowdfunding, Islamic microfinance and waqf - to address poverty and promote economic equality, yet the full realization of these benefits is impeded by numerous challenges. This study therefore identifies the primary issue as understanding these impediments and determining how to effectively navigate them for enhanced Islamic social finance impact. Its aim is to comprehensively analyze the issues, identify unexploited opportunities, and formulate recommendations for a robust and impactful Islamic social finance system. To this end, the study utilizes a library-based approach, conducting an extensive review of relevant literature, including academic articles, books, policy reports, and case studies. It is revealed that governance and regulatory challenges, socio-economic obstacles, and discrepancies in the application and understanding of Islamic social finance mechanisms are the primary hurdles. Potential solutions range from harmonizing regulatory standards, promoting transparency and accountability, to fostering economic empowerment and cross-border collaboration in the Muslim world. This study implies that addressing these challenges and harnessing Islamic social finance's potential can lead to a more effective poverty alleviation strategy, contributing to wealth redistribution, social justice, and sustainable development in line with Islamic principles. This research, therefore, holds substantial implications for policymakers, regulators, and practitioners within the Islamic social finance ecosystem, and suggests the necessity of collaborative, informed efforts to unlock the transformative power of Islamic social finance.

Financial literacy is an essential skill for individuals to manage their finances effectively. It involves understanding how to plan, organize, act, and control money to meet one's needs. In today's digital era, digital financial literacy is becoming increasingly important. It refers to the ability to manage financial resources using technology and digital platforms. Like other countries worldwide, Malaysia is undergoing a digital transformation. Enhancing digital financial literacy and addressing the current financial challenges Malaysians face is crucial. The aim of this study is to provide insights into these challenges and the role of digital financial literacy in addressing them. This study was conducted through a focus group discussion interview method that involved twelve participants from various financial backgrounds, including bankers, financial advisors, financial education trainers, fintech company staff, and NGO representatives. The Atlas. ti 24 software was utilized to analyze the data using thematic analysis. The study highlights the financial challenges Malaysians face, such as limited access to banking services, insufficient financial literacy, and a lack of awareness of digital financial products. The findings suggest that digital financial literacy is crucial for promoting responsible financial behaviors, empowering individuals to manage their finances effectively, and ensuring financial well-being in a digitally driven economy. Digital financial literacy also facilitates more accessible access to banking services, which is essential in a cashless society. It emphasizes the significance of understanding financial literacy knowledge to protect individuals from online fraud, identity theft, and other digital risks associated with financial transactions. The findings offer effective insights from industry professionals to improve digital financial literacy, overcome the obstacles that Malaysians face, and help policymakers and practitioners develop effective strategies to promote digital financial literacy and improve financial well-being in the country.

Waqf is a form of charity which is highly recommended in Islam. In Malaysia, most of the states impose solely on perpetuity property based on Shafiᶜiy school of law view as stated in State Administration of Islamic Law Enactment and State Waqf Enactment. However, there are certain states allowed the implementation of temporary waqf such as Johor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and Sarawak. In 2020, most of the country across the world including Malaysia are affected by deadly disease which is known as COVID-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) declare it as pandemic on January 2020. Malaysia Government has issued Movement Control Order (MCO) as a preventive measures to overcome this contagious disease. Many institutions and employment sectors are ordered to stop their operation temporarily. The negative impact of MCO affected daily life routine, public safety and security, education, and business. Thus, the objective of this paper is to study the concept of temporary waqf from the Islamic perspectives and to explore the advantages of temporary waqf in combating COVID-19. This paper has conducted inductive and deductive methods. In this qualitative research, data has been collected by using library research, observations, and interview. The result of this paper shows that temporary waqf products brought many advantages as compared to perpetuity waqf in combating this pandemic COVID-19.

Kajian ini cuba mendedahkan permasalahan mengenai asal sesuatu perkara yang tidak mempunyai dalil yang jelas dan terperinci samada ianya haram ataupun harus, ini kerana para fuqaha’ telah berselisih pendapat mengenai perkara ini, di mana sebahagian daripada mereka telah menjadikan al aslu fi al asyya’ al ibahah sebagai satu kaedah fiqhiah yang digunapakai dalam mazhab, dan sebahagian yang lain menggunakan kaedah al aslu fi al asyya’ al hazr. Penulis cuba menjelaskan perselisihan ulama mengenai perkara tersebut beserta dengan dalil-dalil dan pendapat yang rajih. Seterusnya penulis menilai pemakaian kaedah ini dalam MJFK, dimana ia menunjukkan pengaplikasiannya lebih tertumpu dalam bab hukum berkaitan makanan dan minuman. Kajian juga mendapati kaedah ini bukan digunakan sebagai dalil utama sebaliknya hanya sebagai hujah yang menyokong dalil utama tersebut. Adalah diharap agar kajian ini akan dapat memberi satu pendedahan baru kepada masyarakat tentang penggunaan kaedah al aslu fi al asyya’ al ibahah dalam pembuatan sesuatu keputusan hukum.

Tanah adat merupakan salah satu ciri utama dalam pewarisan harta mengikut adat perpatih yang memberikan amanah kepada kaum perempuan untuk mewarisi tanah adat. Namun, sejauh manakah pengamalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan ini terhadap tanah adat? Apakah isu-isu yang timbul sepanjang perlaksanaan adat ini? Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan dalam pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat serta isu-isu yang berkaitan dengannya. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah survei yang melibatkan 525 orang sampel berdasarkan teknik prosedur pensampelan rawak mudah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan berkaitan pewarisan tanah adat masih lagi tinggi disamping perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat yang terus berjalan sehingga kini . Namun, terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul di sepanjang perlaksanaan undang-undang ini. Masalah yang timbul berpunca sama ada daripada pihak pejabat tanah mahupun pengamal tanah adat itu sendiri. Implikasi kajian ini dapat meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat terhadap tahap amalan serta isu-isu yang timbul berkaitan tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti kaedah yang terbaik untuk menangani masalah-masalah yang timbul agar amalan pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat boleh dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan.

Wakaf muaqqat atau wakaf bertempoh berpotensi menjadi instrumen penting dalam memperluas manfaat wakaf kepada masyarakat Malaysia, khususnya dalam sektor pendidikan, kesihatan, dan kebajikan sosial. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian menunjukkan bahawa konsep ini masih kurang diterokai, menyebabkan pelbagai cabaran dalam perlaksanaan dan penerimaannya di peringkat nasional. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode kajian kepustakaan dan pemerhatian untuk mengkaji secara mendalam isu-isu yang berkaitan, seperti kekangan perundangan, kekeliruan pemahaman masyarakat, serta ketidakseragaman dalam pengurusan. Analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan kaedah induktif dan deduktif mendedahkan bahawa cabaran utama terletak pada kelemahan rangka kerja dasar, kurangnya pendidikan awal tentang konsep wakaf bertempoh, dan keperluan untuk mekanisme pemantauan yang lebih efektif. Untuk menangani cabaran ini, kajian mengemukakan beberapa cadangan praktikal, termasuk penyelarasan perundangan, pengukuhan kerjasama antara institusi wakaf dan badan kerajaan, serta inisiatif pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat. Di samping itu, model pengurusan wakaf bertempoh yang lebih inovatif dan mampan dicadangkan untuk memastikan pelaksanaan yang lebih sistematik dan efektif. Penemuan kajian ini diharapkan dapat membuka ruang perbincangan yang lebih mendalam mengenai potensi wakaf bertempoh sebagai instrumen pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi di Malaysia, sekaligus menyumbang kepada usaha memperkasakan sistem wakaf di peringkat nasional.

Microbial contamination of the classroom environment is a worry since it can create a variety of health problems and negatively impact kids' and teachers’ general well-being. To increase awareness of personal hygiene during a pandemic and post-pandemic, students can reveal to themselves the true state of their body parts, clothing and surrounding conditions that are exposed to the breeding of germs. Thus, an environmental microbiology classroom has been conducted with Biotechnology Club high school students for a screening of microbial growth and contaminations on students’ body parts, attire, and school’s selected area. Swabbing method of students’ hands, collar of the shirt (boys) and scarf (girls) and doorknob (classes, laboratory, toilet & management office) was carried out and subsequently swabbing onto the nutrient agar (NA) plate for microorganisms’ growth. After 24 hours incubation, the colonies of the growing microorganisms were observed, and their number of different colonies were counted. Through this experiment, it is suggested that the students can observe themselves how dirty their hands, clothes and even selected areas like doorknob can cause the spread of the microbial infections if not cleaned regularly. Several hygienic practices, mitigation activities and awareness were suggested to the students in preventing the spread of microbial infection by handing out pocket posters for students to read and paste in rooms or classes.

Menurut undang-undang Islam, hibah merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam perancangan harta. Hibah membawa maksud pemberian hadiah yang diberikan kepada seseorang atas dasar kasih sayang tanpa mengharapkan balasan daripada orang tersebut. Hibah dilihat sebagai satu instrumen yang amat digalakkan jika ia dipraktikkan dengan cara yang betul mengikut kehendak syarak, maka ia mampu mengelakkan berlaku pertelingkahan dan perebutan harta. Selain itu, hibah juga dapat membantu golongan yang memerlukan dan golongan yang mungkin tidak berhak melalui faraid. Terdapat tanggapan bahawa dengan melakukan hibah maka ia telah menyalahi ketetapan hukum faraid. Tanggapan ini tidak tepat kerana instrumen ini juga sebenarnya diberi fokus dan tempatnya yang tersendiri di dalam Islam. Walau bahagaimanapun instrumen hibah ini agak kurang dikenali berbanding dengan perancangan harta yang lain. Tambahan pula, segelintir masyarakat Islam menyangkakan bahawa hanya wasiat dan faraid sahaja cara yang terbaik dalam menguruskan dan merancang harta pusaka maka cara hibah ini kurang mendapat perhatian.

This research analyzed the issue of non-uniformity estimation of agricultural zakah in Malaysia. The administration and management of zakah is under the jurisdiction of State Islamic Council (MAIN) as stated in Federal Constitutions. Thus, there are diversity policies and laws set by the State Mufti Department through the Fatwa Committee and the State Islamic Religious Council (MAIN) based on the Administration of Islamic Law Enactment or Ordinance respectively, for example inconsistency nisab setting for metric weights of 363 bushels, 375 bushels and 400 bushels. Similarly, the applied rate variability in some states only charge a single rate either 5% or 10% and most other states limit the alternative rate of 7.5%. The objectives of this study are to research the causes of diversity assessment and examine factors of agriculture zakah in Malaysia such as nisab, rate and to study the deduction of costs in Malaysia. Therefore, this study analyses the nonuniformity estimation of agriculture zakah involving policy makers, namely the State Mufti Department and officers in charge of the zakah management namely the State Baitulmal. The methodology of this study is done using the primary data which is the interview with the State Mufti Department and the State Baitulmal in states of Selangor, Penang, Perlis, Terengganu and Sarawak. The data analysis uses the descriptive and the comparative methods. This study carries an important implication, where every fatwa that has been issued needs to be reassessed from time to time, so that the law of zakah-granting will continuously be current, dynamic and more importantly, practical to be used by from one generation to another.

Kemajuan teknologi masakini memberi impak besar kepada kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Antaranya membabitkan teknologi rawatan air sisa kumbahan yang mampu memproses air kumbahan menjadi lebih bernilai untuk pelbagai kegunaan seperti untuk pertanian, rekreasi, air minuman dan sebagai sumber tenaga baharu. Meskipun memiliki pelbagai kegunaan, namun, timbul persoalan hukum mengenai status air terawat dari sisa kumbahan, adakah ia boleh dimanfaatkan, memandangkan ia berasal daripada sumber air mutanajjis dan air mustakmal. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fatwa-fatwa berkaitan penggunaan air terawat dari sisa kumbahan, dalam aspek perubahan yang berlaku terhadapnya, daripada sifat asal air yang najis (mutanajjis) kepada mustakmal ataupun bersih (mutlak). Metodologi kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif, menggunakan kaedah pengumpulan data secara analisis dokumen terhadap fatwa-fatwa yang telah dikeluarkan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa air sisa kumbahan yang telah dirawat, menurut fatwa, dikategorikan sebagai air yang suci lagi menyucikan (air mutlak), kerana berlakunya proses untuk menghilangkan najis dan mengekalkan semula sifat asal air yang suci lagi menyucikan. Justeru, air tersebut boleh digunakan untuk siraman bahkan ia boleh digunakan untuk minuman, selagi mana tidak memudaratkan, kerana air tersebut telah kembali kepada sifat air yang asal.

Amalan wakaf telah diaplikasikan sejak dari zaman Rasulullah SAW dan dapat dilihat melalui perbuatan para sahabat serta umat Islam sehingga ke hari ini. Perundangan yang berkaitan dengan hal ehwal agama Islam di Malaysia termasuklah wakaf berpandukan kepada pandangan mazhab yang empat; Hanafi, Maliki, Syafii dan Hanbali, yang memberi maksud wakaf hanya sah dilaksanakan secara kekal meliputi semua jenis wakaf. Hal ini telah memberi kesan kepada pengurusan pembangunan aset wakaf di masa akan datang. Justeru, kajian ini dijalankan bagi memperkenalkan mekanisme bertempoh “muaqqat” diadaptasi dalam pengurusan wakaf sebagai salah satu sumber dana alternatif dalam pembangunan masa depan harta wakaf di Negeri Sembilan. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah Analisis Kandungan (Content Analysis (CA). Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah CA secara diskriptif, deduktif dan induktif dengan konsisten. Kaedah kepustakaan dan dokumentasi digunakan bagi mendapatkan elemen sokongan untuk memantapkan proses analisis hukum dan perundangan wakaf bertempoh, serta penderafan model perlaksaannya. Kajian ini turut disokong oleh kaedah analitikal yang akan digunakan untuk menganalisis dalil al-quran, sunnah dan pandangan sarjana Islam bagi mencapai konklusi yang jitu terhadap elemen wakaf bertempoh yang praktikal menurut konteks perlaksanaan wakaf di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati wakaf bertempoh dibolehkan menurut pandangan mazhab Maliki dan sebahagian ulama mazhab Hanafi, sekaligus mampu meningkatkan produktiviti aset wakaf yang sedia ada serta dapat mengembangkan manfaatnya dengan sistematik dan lebih berdaya maju. Pengkaji menyarankan agar pihak Jabatan Wakaf dan Sumber Am (JWSA), Majlis Agama Negeri Sembilan (MAINS), dan Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Sembilan menyemak semula kerangka undang-undang dan fatwa yang berkaitan dengan hal ehwal wakaf sedia ada, agar dapat dilaksanakan secara bertempoh sebagai usaha alternatif untuk melestarikan pembangunan aset wakaf di Negeri Sembilan.

Penyelidikan sel tunjang telah berkembang dengan pesat sejak dua puluh tahun terakhir dan mempunyai potensi besar untuk merevolusikan rawatan perubatan di samping memberi harapan untuk para pesakit dengan pelbagai penyakit. Namun, dimensi etika penyelidikan sel tunjang adalah kompleks kerana ia melibatkan pelbagai aspek yang perlu diambil kira. Kebanyakan fatwa yang ada berkenaan isu ini juga sudah agak lama jika dibandingkan dengan perkembangan terkini dalam bidang sel tunjang. Antara beberapa isu etika yang baharu muncul adalah penyusunan semula genetik sel tunjang, penghasilan sperma dari sel tunjang wanita dan ovum dari sel tunjang lelaki, penyelidikan hibrid manusia-haiwan, organ chimera dan banyak lagi. Justeru, terdapat keperluan untuk mempunyai garis panduan penyelidikan sel tunjang patuh syariah. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan menganalisis keperluan model penyelidikan sel tunjang patuh syariah melalui perbahasan isu penetapan fatwa sel tunjang, etika perundangan dan etika perubatan. Kajian ini merupakan kajian di peringkat awal melalui reka bentuk analisis kandungan secara kualitatif dan dianalisis secara induktif. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat beberapa isu etika baharu yang muncul meliputi isu penetapan fatwa sel tunjang, etika perundangan dan etika perubatan. Kajian ini dijangka menghasilkan model penyelidikan sel tunjang yang patuh syariah sesuai dengan kemajuan teknologi penyelidikan pada masa kini. Ia dijangka mampu membantu institusi agama dan jabatan fatwa negeri, penggubalan undangundang serta pengeluaran fatwa berkaitan isu ini.