This study aims to identify the research progress and trends in orang asli scientific publications indexed in the Scopus database with the help of the Biblioshiny (Rstudio). The bibliometric analysis of 685 articles was focused on describing the characteristics and trend of the publications performance, word co-occurence, authors and journal. The main results show that the research publications on orang asli were limited but experienced a positive growth trend from 1968 to 2022. The existing publications in the orang asli research domain are mainly discussed in subject categories of medicine, social sciences, agricultural and biological science,and also the arts and humanities related to orang asli. This study found that the most frequently used words in the publications on orang asli center around health, encompassing a broad range of themes. “Child” and “rural areas” were widely used to conclude that the research on children was quite extensive in various aspects such as illness, genetics and school. This finding will benefit future studies on creating a solid insight on similar areas or to fill the knowledge gaps in the current literature on orang asli research over time.

The direct influence of technology on copyright was the main impetus for the development of copyright legislation. Because the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911 is out of date, it does not address the technological advancements in copyright field. The state of Palestine drafted a proposal for new copyright legislation that governs the copyright protection for digital works, but owing to the suspension of the parliament, it has not been enacted. This research aims to examine issues of the meaning of digital copyright works, the requirements for copyright protection for digital works, copyright protection for digital works that described in the Palestine Copyright Act of 1911, the Palestine Copyright Draft (Proposal) 2013, and UK CDPA 1988 in order to strengthen a substantial component of the law in Palestine. The comparative research approach was used, along with a functional method. The findings of this research indicate that the Palestine Copyright Act 1911 lacks copyright protection for digital works, while the Palestine Copyright Draft 2013 governs this issue to some extent. This study suggests that before the copyright draft is approved, changes need to be made, especially in regard to the issue of copyright protection requirements.

Using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) as a green reagent is a step toward producing environmentally friendly and sustainable technology. This study screened three natural DESs developed using quaternary ammonium salt and organic acid to analyse their capability to extract nickel ions from contaminated mangrove soil, which are ChCl: Acetic Acid (ChCl-AceA), ChCl: Levulinic Acid (ChCl-LevA), and ChCl: Ethylene Glycol(ChCl-Eg) at molar ratio 1:2. The impact of various operating parameters such as washing agent concentration, pH solution, and contact time on the NADES performance in the dissolution of Ni ions batch experiments were performed. The optimal soil washing conditions for metal removal were 30% and 15% concentration, a 1:5 soil-liquid ratio, and pH 2 of ChCl-LevA and ChCl-AceA, respectively. A single removal washing may remove 70.8% and 70.0% Ni ions from the contaminated soil. The dissolution kinetic of Ni ions extraction onto NADES was explained using the linear kinetic pseudo and intraparticle mass transfer diffusion models. The kinetic validation demonstrates a good fit between the experimental and pseudo-second-order Lagergren data. The model’s maximum Ni dissolution capacity, Qe are 51.56 mg g−1 and 52.00 mg g−1 of ChCl-LevA and ChCl-AceA, respectively. The synthesised natural-based DES has the potential to be a cost-effective, efficient, green alternative extractant to conventional solvent extraction of heavy metals.

Since the introduction of the cultivated meat burger in 2013, numerous discussions have transpired between researchers and consumers, manifesting in various forms such as academic publications, opinions on personal websites and interactions on social platforms. For Muslim consumers, a primary concern revolves around the halal status of cultivated meat, given the pivotal role of adhering to a halal diet as a divine obligation in their lives. Therefore, this article seeks to systematically review the existing literature on cultivated meat from an Islamic perspective as articulated by Muslim scholars, whether these perspectives are issued by an established fatwa organisation or representations of personal views. The sources incorporated into this analysis span from academic publications, newspaper articles, fatwa bodies, personal websites and interviews. Employing thematic analysis, five principal themes were discerned within the discourse among Muslim scholars regarding cultivated meat: (i) the ontological status of cultivated meat, (ii) the status and source of stem cells used in the cultivation process, (iii) the theological implications of cultivated meat production on altering God's creation, (iv) foundational principles for halal cultivated meat production, and (v) the contemporary necessity of cultivated meat from the perspective of al-maqasid al-shariah. It is duly recommended that international fatwa organisations such as the International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA) engage in discussions and deliberations on this matter of growing significance within the food industry. The fatwas and resolutions issued by IIFA are frequently cited as the most recognised authority in many Islamic countries.

The use of cryptocurrency among Muslims as a financial instrument has sparked a debate in its compatibility with Islamic principles. This systematic literature review examines the implementation of the use of cryptocurrency from an Islamic perspective, focusing on its compliance with Sharia law, issues and views of scholars on it and socio-economic implications. The review synthesizes existing research to explore key themes such as the trustworthiness of cryptocurrencies under Islamic jurisprudence, their potential as a medium for improving the Muslim economy, and the associated risks and benefits. The findings reveal different scholarly opinions, with some highlighting the innovative potential of cryptocurrencies in promoting the Muslim economy while others emphasize concerns over volatility, speculation and a lack of intrinsic value, which may conflict with Islamic ethical and legal frameworks. This review also identifies gaps in the literature and provides recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among Islamic scholars, economists and technologists to develop comprehensive guidelines for the use of cryptocurrencies in Islamic finance.

iRole Play is one of the most authentic communication activities that students in tertiary level can have in the university to learn the nuances of communication strategy in maintaining discourse. The integration of iRole Play in classroom promotes the integration of innovative pedagogical tool to enhance communication skills amongst pre-university EFL students engaged in simulated classroom interactions. This study investigates the use of iRole Play as a digital learning strategy to improve students’ communication competence in simulated classroom interactions. The study aims to examine how iRole Play activities enhance students’ ability to manage the situation in the classroom in different types of situations. Conducted as a mixed-method action research project, data were collected from surveys and student recorded iRole Plays. Findings suggest that iRole Play encourages varied communication skills, increases awareness of proper discourse, and boosts confidence in real communication settings. This study proposes that integrating iRole Play into the communication classroom offers a learner-centered method to foster critical speaking skills aligned with the demands of everyday communication. The findings have implications for the incorporation of digital tools in preuniversity EFL curricula and classroom communication pedagogy.

Financial literacy is an essential skill for individuals to manage their finances effectively. It involves understanding how to plan, organize, act, and control money to meet one's needs. In today's digital era, digital financial literacy is becoming increasingly important. It refers to the ability to manage financial resources using technology and digital platforms. Like other countries worldwide, Malaysia is undergoing a digital transformation. Enhancing digital financial literacy and addressing the current financial challenges Malaysians face is crucial. The aim of this study is to provide insights into these challenges and the role of digital financial literacy in addressing them. This study was conducted through a focus group discussion interview method that involved twelve participants from various financial backgrounds, including bankers, financial advisors, financial education trainers, fintech company staff, and NGO representatives. The Atlas. ti 24 software was utilized to analyze the data using thematic analysis. The study highlights the financial challenges Malaysians face, such as limited access to banking services, insufficient financial literacy, and a lack of awareness of digital financial products. The findings suggest that digital financial literacy is crucial for promoting responsible financial behaviors, empowering individuals to manage their finances effectively, and ensuring financial well-being in a digitally driven economy. Digital financial literacy also facilitates more accessible access to banking services, which is essential in a cashless society. It emphasizes the significance of understanding financial literacy knowledge to protect individuals from online fraud, identity theft, and other digital risks associated with financial transactions. The findings offer effective insights from industry professionals to improve digital financial literacy, overcome the obstacles that Malaysians face, and help policymakers and practitioners develop effective strategies to promote digital financial literacy and improve financial well-being in the country.

Kajian ini cuba mendedahkan permasalahan mengenai asal sesuatu perkara yang tidak mempunyai dalil yang jelas dan terperinci samada ianya haram ataupun harus, ini kerana para fuqaha’ telah berselisih pendapat mengenai perkara ini, di mana sebahagian daripada mereka telah menjadikan al aslu fi al asyya’ al ibahah sebagai satu kaedah fiqhiah yang digunapakai dalam mazhab, dan sebahagian yang lain menggunakan kaedah al aslu fi al asyya’ al hazr. Penulis cuba menjelaskan perselisihan ulama mengenai perkara tersebut beserta dengan dalil-dalil dan pendapat yang rajih. Seterusnya penulis menilai pemakaian kaedah ini dalam MJFK, dimana ia menunjukkan pengaplikasiannya lebih tertumpu dalam bab hukum berkaitan makanan dan minuman. Kajian juga mendapati kaedah ini bukan digunakan sebagai dalil utama sebaliknya hanya sebagai hujah yang menyokong dalil utama tersebut. Adalah diharap agar kajian ini akan dapat memberi satu pendedahan baru kepada masyarakat tentang penggunaan kaedah al aslu fi al asyya’ al ibahah dalam pembuatan sesuatu keputusan hukum.

Tanah adat merupakan salah satu ciri utama dalam pewarisan harta mengikut adat perpatih yang memberikan amanah kepada kaum perempuan untuk mewarisi tanah adat. Namun, sejauh manakah pengamalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan ini terhadap tanah adat? Apakah isu-isu yang timbul sepanjang perlaksanaan adat ini? Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan dalam pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat serta isu-isu yang berkaitan dengannya. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah survei yang melibatkan 525 orang sampel berdasarkan teknik prosedur pensampelan rawak mudah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa tahap amalan masyarakat di Negeri Sembilan berkaitan pewarisan tanah adat masih lagi tinggi disamping perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat yang terus berjalan sehingga kini . Namun, terdapat beberapa isu yang timbul di sepanjang perlaksanaan undang-undang ini. Masalah yang timbul berpunca sama ada daripada pihak pejabat tanah mahupun pengamal tanah adat itu sendiri. Implikasi kajian ini dapat meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat terhadap tahap amalan serta isu-isu yang timbul berkaitan tanah adat dan undang-undang tanah adat. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti kaedah yang terbaik untuk menangani masalah-masalah yang timbul agar amalan pewarisan tanah adat dan perlaksanaan undang-undang tanah adat boleh dijalankan dengan lebih berkesan.

Wakaf muaqqat atau wakaf bertempoh berpotensi menjadi instrumen penting dalam memperluas manfaat wakaf kepada masyarakat Malaysia, khususnya dalam sektor pendidikan, kesihatan, dan kebajikan sosial. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian menunjukkan bahawa konsep ini masih kurang diterokai, menyebabkan pelbagai cabaran dalam perlaksanaan dan penerimaannya di peringkat nasional. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode kajian kepustakaan dan pemerhatian untuk mengkaji secara mendalam isu-isu yang berkaitan, seperti kekangan perundangan, kekeliruan pemahaman masyarakat, serta ketidakseragaman dalam pengurusan. Analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan kaedah induktif dan deduktif mendedahkan bahawa cabaran utama terletak pada kelemahan rangka kerja dasar, kurangnya pendidikan awal tentang konsep wakaf bertempoh, dan keperluan untuk mekanisme pemantauan yang lebih efektif. Untuk menangani cabaran ini, kajian mengemukakan beberapa cadangan praktikal, termasuk penyelarasan perundangan, pengukuhan kerjasama antara institusi wakaf dan badan kerajaan, serta inisiatif pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat. Di samping itu, model pengurusan wakaf bertempoh yang lebih inovatif dan mampan dicadangkan untuk memastikan pelaksanaan yang lebih sistematik dan efektif. Penemuan kajian ini diharapkan dapat membuka ruang perbincangan yang lebih mendalam mengenai potensi wakaf bertempoh sebagai instrumen pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi di Malaysia, sekaligus menyumbang kepada usaha memperkasakan sistem wakaf di peringkat nasional.

Microbial contamination of the classroom environment is a worry since it can create a variety of health problems and negatively impact kids' and teachers’ general well-being. To increase awareness of personal hygiene during a pandemic and post-pandemic, students can reveal to themselves the true state of their body parts, clothing and surrounding conditions that are exposed to the breeding of germs. Thus, an environmental microbiology classroom has been conducted with Biotechnology Club high school students for a screening of microbial growth and contaminations on students’ body parts, attire, and school’s selected area. Swabbing method of students’ hands, collar of the shirt (boys) and scarf (girls) and doorknob (classes, laboratory, toilet & management office) was carried out and subsequently swabbing onto the nutrient agar (NA) plate for microorganisms’ growth. After 24 hours incubation, the colonies of the growing microorganisms were observed, and their number of different colonies were counted. Through this experiment, it is suggested that the students can observe themselves how dirty their hands, clothes and even selected areas like doorknob can cause the spread of the microbial infections if not cleaned regularly. Several hygienic practices, mitigation activities and awareness were suggested to the students in preventing the spread of microbial infection by handing out pocket posters for students to read and paste in rooms or classes.

Kemajuan teknologi masakini memberi impak besar kepada kesejahteraan hidup manusia. Antaranya membabitkan teknologi rawatan air sisa kumbahan yang mampu memproses air kumbahan menjadi lebih bernilai untuk pelbagai kegunaan seperti untuk pertanian, rekreasi, air minuman dan sebagai sumber tenaga baharu. Meskipun memiliki pelbagai kegunaan, namun, timbul persoalan hukum mengenai status air terawat dari sisa kumbahan, adakah ia boleh dimanfaatkan, memandangkan ia berasal daripada sumber air mutanajjis dan air mustakmal. Oleh itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fatwa-fatwa berkaitan penggunaan air terawat dari sisa kumbahan, dalam aspek perubahan yang berlaku terhadapnya, daripada sifat asal air yang najis (mutanajjis) kepada mustakmal ataupun bersih (mutlak). Metodologi kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif, menggunakan kaedah pengumpulan data secara analisis dokumen terhadap fatwa-fatwa yang telah dikeluarkan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa air sisa kumbahan yang telah dirawat, menurut fatwa, dikategorikan sebagai air yang suci lagi menyucikan (air mutlak), kerana berlakunya proses untuk menghilangkan najis dan mengekalkan semula sifat asal air yang suci lagi menyucikan. Justeru, air tersebut boleh digunakan untuk siraman bahkan ia boleh digunakan untuk minuman, selagi mana tidak memudaratkan, kerana air tersebut telah kembali kepada sifat air yang asal.

Penyelidikan sel tunjang telah berkembang dengan pesat sejak dua puluh tahun terakhir dan mempunyai potensi besar untuk merevolusikan rawatan perubatan di samping memberi harapan untuk para pesakit dengan pelbagai penyakit. Namun, dimensi etika penyelidikan sel tunjang adalah kompleks kerana ia melibatkan pelbagai aspek yang perlu diambil kira. Kebanyakan fatwa yang ada berkenaan isu ini juga sudah agak lama jika dibandingkan dengan perkembangan terkini dalam bidang sel tunjang. Antara beberapa isu etika yang baharu muncul adalah penyusunan semula genetik sel tunjang, penghasilan sperma dari sel tunjang wanita dan ovum dari sel tunjang lelaki, penyelidikan hibrid manusia-haiwan, organ chimera dan banyak lagi. Justeru, terdapat keperluan untuk mempunyai garis panduan penyelidikan sel tunjang patuh syariah. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan menganalisis keperluan model penyelidikan sel tunjang patuh syariah melalui perbahasan isu penetapan fatwa sel tunjang, etika perundangan dan etika perubatan. Kajian ini merupakan kajian di peringkat awal melalui reka bentuk analisis kandungan secara kualitatif dan dianalisis secara induktif. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat beberapa isu etika baharu yang muncul meliputi isu penetapan fatwa sel tunjang, etika perundangan dan etika perubatan. Kajian ini dijangka menghasilkan model penyelidikan sel tunjang yang patuh syariah sesuai dengan kemajuan teknologi penyelidikan pada masa kini. Ia dijangka mampu membantu institusi agama dan jabatan fatwa negeri, penggubalan undangundang serta pengeluaran fatwa berkaitan isu ini.

Makalah ini membincangkan hasil analisis awal menurut pandangan pakar dalam mengenalpasti perbincangan sarjana Islam unggul, Ibnu Khaldun berkenaan karakteristik ‘asabiyyah yang menjadi faktor utama dalam Teori Kitaran beliau. Usaha ini bagi menangani kelompangan kajian terdahulu untuk merungkai secara sistematik, karakteristik yang ada dalam perbincangan ‘asabiyyah oleh Ibnu Khaldun. Sebagai analisis awal, pengkaji telah menjalankan kajian ke atas tiga orang pakar dalam pengkajian ilmu Ibnu Khaldun yang diperoleh secara temu bual mendalam dan dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil analisis awal mendapati terdapat empat karakteristik utama dalam konsep ‘asabiyyah Ibnu Khaldun, iaitu kekuatan agama, perkongsian tujuan dan nilai, melangkaui pertalian darah, bersifat positif dan berani mengajukan tuntutan. Justeru, kajian ini dapat menjadi sumber rujukan yang lebih sistematik dan tersusun dalam menjelaskan karakteristik ‘asabiyyah Ibnu Khaldun yang menjadi teras utama jatuh bangun sesebuah tamadun. Malahan dapatan kajian ini dapat mengangkat kerelevanan perbincangan yang menjangkau 600 tahun yang lampau untuk diaplikasikan kepada masyarakat heterogen yang unik dan pelbagai dalam peradaban masa kini.

Isu pencemaran silang DNA babi dalam produk makanan dan minuman telah mencetuskan kebimbangan yang besar dalam kalangan pengguna Muslim, terutama apabila melibatkan produk yang telah disahkan halal. Ketepatan dalam mengesan DNA babi melalui kaedah saintifik seperti qPCR sangat bergantung kepada had pengesanan atau Limit of Detection (LOD), iaitu kepekatan minimum DNA yang masih boleh dikesan dengan konsisten. Kajian ini menganalisis sorotan literatur berkaitan penentuan nilai LOD dalam kes pencemaran silang serta mengkaji kaitannya dengan prinsip syarak, khususnya melalui pendekatan kaedah “Umum al-Balwa”. Sorotan menunjukkan bahawa meskipun kaedah qPCR sangat sensitif, terdapat kekurangan dalam penyelidikan yang membezakan antara pencemaran silang yang tidak disengajakan dan kehadiran bahan babi secara langsung. Di samping itu, analisis fiqh menunjukkan bahawa unsur pencemaran yang sukar dielakkan boleh dikategorikan sebagai umum al-Balwa dan diberi hukum yang berbeza berbanding dengan pencemaran yang disengajakan. Kajian ini mencadangkan keperluan penetapan nilai LOD yang mengambil kira dua dimensi penting, iaitu sensitiviti saintifik dan kesahan hukum syarak.

Kontrak lesen ialah satu bentuk kontrak yang dibuat secara bertulis berdasarkan pada terma yang dipersetujui antara pihak-pihak yang berkontrak berkaitan dengan pelesenan paten. Kontrak lesen merupakan salah satu cara eksploitasi harta intelek yang dibuat bagi tujuan mengkomersialkan reka cipta yang telah dipatenkan. Kajian lepas mendapati bahawa salah guna hak paten oleh pihak-pihak yang berkontrak boleh berlaku melalui terma-terma yang dimasukkan dalam kontrak lesen tersebut. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis peruntukan undang-undang yang mengawal terma dalam kontrak lesen. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, makalah ini mengguna pakai kaedah kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen perundangan yang berkaitan seperti akta, kes yang telah diputuskan oleh Mahkamah, buku, dan jurnal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan terdapat peruntukan undang-undang di Malaysia yang mengawal terma yang dimasukkan dalam kontrak pelesenan paten. Namun begitu, penambahbaikan perlu dibuat terhadap peruntukan undang-undang tersebut bagi tujuan melancarkan pelaksanaan kontrak pelesenan paten.

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Sharia students toward the concept of Khilafah at State Islamic Universities in Indonesia. Using a survey method, data were collected through a validated and reliable instrument consisting of 29 questions. A total of 332 respondents from nine institutions participated in this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to evaluate various aspects of Khilafah as proposed by Taqiyuddin An Nabhani. The results indicate that Sharia students generally have a positive perception of the Khilafah concept according to Taqiyuddin An-Nabhani, with aspects such as the functions and establishment of the Khilafah receiving high ratings. However, aspects related to the form of the Islamic state and government were rated less favorably. Another finding reveals that Sharia students from outside Java have a better perception compared to students from Java, with the former being more open to accepting the views on Khilafah. This study recommends further research to This study recommends further research to understand the factors influencing these perceptions and their implications for Sharia education and broader discussions on Islamic governance.

This research analyzed the need for some given costs to be exempted before any imposition of alms is made. The reality concerning the agricultural alms in Malaysia as based solely on qaul of Imam Syafi`e rather than qaul of other scholars. Thus, in Selangor the deduction of any cost before imposition of agricultural zakah is not applicable, even though several states such as Terengganu, Penang and Sarawak have given an exemption for operational cost. Perlis is the only state in Malaysia allow all deduction of costs include self-sustenance cost. The objectives of this study are to research into agricultural alms in the Malaysian context and to study the deduction of costs in Malaysia based on maqasid syari’ah. Based on the dynamics of the Islamic Shari`a, the flexibility of law adheres closely on maqasid syari`ah involving current and local maslahah. Therefore, this study analyses the transformation of the current agricultural alms involving policy makers, namely the State Mufti Department and officers in charge of the alms management namely the State Baitulmal. The methodology of this study is done using the primary data which is the interview with the State Mufti Department and the State Baitulmal in states of Selangor, Penang, Perlis, Terengganu and Sarawak. The data analysis uses the descriptive and the comparative methods. The research outcome demonstrates that the justification for the reduced operational costs of the crops and the self-sustenance costs in assurance for maslahah daruri of the farmers and their families.

International conventions which are designed to serve global and national purposes play a significant role in providing the guidelines and framework which become the basis for national laws. Waste is regarded as one of the main causes of the global environmental crisis. Hence, this article aims to analyse international conventions which address solid waste management. The article also focuses on the implementation of international conventions related to solid waste management in Malaysia. This article employs a qualitative research approach involving library based research and interviews. The findings point to the absence of international conventions that focus exclusively on solid waste management. On the other hand, solid waste management is covered in a great detail in Agenda 21 which is one of the non-binding international environmental law instruments

Soil-transmitted helminth infections constitute a global affliction affecting people and livestock, resulting in a significant disease burden and economic losses in endemic regions. However, control has not been entirely successful and the problem is compounded by the development of resistance to available chemotherapy. Novel alternative compounds are urgently needed, encouraging the screening of largely plant-based sources for anthelmintic effects. Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) is a popular and nutritious food much coveted for its nutraceutical effect. There are convincing reports documenting the antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects of date palm fruit but evidence for any potential anthelmintic effect remains unclear. Here we conducted a systematic review of the published information through an electronic search using six scientific databases; SCOPUS, MEDLINE COMPLETE, OVID, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE and CINAHL COMPLETE. Out of 58 studies that were initially identified only 2 manuscripts fitted our inclusion criteria. The first article reported on the anthelmintic effect of date palm fruit against the rodent nematodes Trichuris muris and Angiostrongylus cantonensis in vitro and in vivo while the second article was based only on in vivo assessment (with coconut) of the effect on the rodent cestode Hymenolepis microstoma. Our review revealed limited anecdotal reports of the anthelmintic effect of date palm fruit against parasitic helminths, however, the majority of reports were inconclusive due to mixed results, limited focus on date palm fruit and lack of any statistical analyses. Rigorous, systematic and fully controlled studies focusing on date palm fruit are needed to validate the anecdotal evidence.