In recent years, Islamic mobile applications have become essential digital tools for Muslims seeking to fulfil religious obligations through convenient, technology-assisted means. Applications such as Muslim Pro and Sajda provide features including prayer time notifications, Quranic recitations, and Qibla direction, enabling users to integrate their spiritual practices into daily routines. However, despite their popularity, these applications vary significantly in terms of usability, design coherence, and user accessibility, issues which may hinder user engagement and satisfaction, particularly among non-technical or culturally diverse users. Addressing this gap, the present study offers a comparative usability evaluation of Muslim Pro and Sajda using Nielsen’s heuristic framework. Employing expert review and thematic analysis, the study reveals that Muslim Pro, though rich in features and visually appealing, suffers from intrusive advertisements, complex navigation, and feature restrictions for non-premium users. Conversely, Sajda performs strongly in interface simplicity and user control, though limited in functionality, language support, and customization. The findings contribute to the growing field of usability evaluation in Islamic digital applications and offer practical insights for developers aiming to enhance the accessibility, efficiency, and cultural relevance of Islamic lifestyle apps.

One of the critical aspects in the development of Sharia banking is Sharia compliance, which differentiates Islamic banks from conventional banks. To ensure adherence to Sharia principles, a sound supervisory mechanism is required which is undertaken by the Sharia Supervisory Board (Dewan Pengawas Syariah, DPS). The aim of this study is to analyze the legal framework governing Sharia compliance supervision in Islamic banking in Indonesia and Malaysia, focusing on the role and authority of the DPS in each jurisdiction, using a qualitative research design based on fieldwork. The results show that those countries use a two level supervisory structure in Sharia governance. A Sharia fatwa council is obligated to standardize and harmonize Sharia rulings for the macro level, and institutional Sharia councils are responsible for overseeing the implementation of these fatwas within financial institutions at the micro level. The difference on the principal between both systems lies in the legal status of the fatwa council. In Malaysia, the Sharia Advisory Council (SAC) functions as a statutory body under the central bank, whereas in Indonesia, the Sharia National Council (Dewan Syariah Nasional) operates as a non-governmental organization under the Indonesian Islamic Scholar Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI). These organizational distinctions affect the legal standing and binding nature of the fatwas issued by each council.

This study aims to develop a model of fiqh al-ṭahārah that is culturally sensitive and practically applicable to the Indigenous Muslim (Orang Asli) community in Malaysia, with specific emphasis on the purification of food containers and kitchen utensils contaminated by najāsah al-khinzīr (porcine impurity). The research addresses the challenges faced by Muslim converts within the Orang Asli community, who often find certain fiqh rulings difficult to observe due to cultural incompatibilities and the communal reality of living with non-Muslim family members. These challenges necessitate the formulation of a fiqh framework that embodies the principles of ease (taysīr), is grounded in sound Islamic jurisprudence, and accommodates the socio-cultural context of the community. The study employs a quantitative research approach using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to gain expert consensus. A panel comprising Islamic legal scholars and daʿwah practitioners with experience working among the Orang Asli was consulted to evaluate the suitability of various jurisprudential views. The findings indicate strong consensus among experts in favour of the majority opinion which permits purification by washing until the physical traces of impurity are removed, without requiring seven washes with soil. This approach aligns with the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, promotes inclusivity and facilitates the practice of Islam among marginalised Muslim communities. The proposed model is expected to resolve ongoing purification-related dilemmas, strengthen Islamic practice among Orang Asli Muslims and enhance the effectiveness of daʿwah to non-Muslim family members. This study also contributes to the broader discourse on contextual fiqh for minority Muslim communities and invites further exploration into jurisprudential adaptation in multicultural settings.

Despite the need and expectation of a clear difference between Islamic and conventional managerial practices, much of the Islamic management practices still rely heavily and often blindly on assumptions borrowed from conventional theories. This review examines agency theory, asymmetric information theory, and pecking order theory by employing semi-systematic Protocol, Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis and Reporting Results (PSALSAR) methodology using thirty-five most relevant literatures benchmarked by Scopus Q1 and Q2 ratings. Findings indicate that Islam consider agency responsibility as “sacred”, with agency conflicts viewed as violations of religious duty that are mitigated by Shariah supervisory oversight. Islamic faith strictly prohibits spreading and acting on rumours, emphasising the role of rigorous screening for reliability. While prioritising the use of internal funds based on pecking order theory, Islamic finance aligns closely with conventional finance. However, Islamic finance prioritises ethical liquidity over debt and interest-based funding sources. Transparency and accountability in Islamic finance are driven by socio-religious ethical codes as such profit and principles are not mutually exclusive. The study also highlights several theoretical overlaps as well as gaps between the two systems, offering deep insights into firm management, financing and governance.  

The Palestine conflict remains one of the most intensively discussed humanitarian issues in the digital sphere, particularly across Indonesian social media where public solidarity with Palestine is consistently strong. This study examines how Indonesian netizens engaged with the issue during June–July 2025 by combining Social Network Analysis (SNA), sentiment analysis, and thematic analysis. The research focuses on mapping network structures, identifying dominant narratives, and understanding emotional patterns that shaped public discourse. Data were collected through Brand24, which provides estimates of online mentions and digital reach across major social media platforms; however, these figures should be interpreted as approximations rather than exact measurements. A major spike in online attention occurred following the Israeli airstrike on July 3, 2025, which killed the head of the Indonesian Hospital in Gaza. This event intensified online discussions and elevated humanitarian frames, although the overall sentiment remained mixed, with neutral posts forming the majority. Network analysis indicates that conversations were centralized around mainstream media accounts, while thematic analysis reveals recurring topics such as Gaza attacks, broader Middle East tensions, Indonesian media responses, humanitarian concerns, and diplomatic relations. Emotional reactions were dominated by sadness, reflecting a surge of empathic engagement, while peace-oriented narratives appeared marginal. This study demonstrates how Indonesian social media users rapidly mobilize around humanitarian crises and how online media amplify emotional and agenda-setting dynamics. Limitations include reliance on platform-generated analytics and the short observation period, which constrain the generalizability of the findings.

Financially literate young individuals make informed decisions, built financially resilient households and engage responsibly with financial service providers. Despite its importance, Islamic financial literacy among Malaysians remains underdeveloped in Malaysia, as highlighted by Bank Negara Malaysia’s 2018 survey. Although many studies explore the determinants of Islamic financial literacy, systematic reviews on this topic remain limited, restricting comprehensive understanding and comparability. This study conducts a systematic literature review on the determinants of Islamic financial literacy, following a rigorous five-step methodology: formulating research questions, conducting systematic searches in primary databases, eligibility screening, quality assessment, and data analysis. The review identifies five main themes—psychological and personal factors, religious and cultural factors, educational factors, financial behaviour and attitudes, and financial knowledge and awareness—along with 12 sub-themes. The findings emphasize the pivotal role of financial education in enhancing Islamic financial literacy, which is essential for improving financial well-being and fostering economic resilience in Muslim communities.

Pasar awam basah dilihat masih utuh di tengah-tengah lambakan kewujudan pelbagai pasar moden terutama sekali di kawasan bandar. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti faktor yang mempengaruhi pengguna untuk terus membeli barangan di pasar awam basah. Pengumpulan maklumat dibuat menerusi agihan soal selidik kepada reponden dewasa yang menetap di kawasan Lembah Klang dan berpengalaman membeli barangan di pasar awam basah sekitar Lembah Klang. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis menggunakan analisis faktor. Didapati faktor sikap dan layanan peniaga, harga serta kesegaran lebih dominan mempengaruhi pengguna untuk pergi ke pasar awam basah. Rentetan itu, pasar awam basah perlu diperkukuhkan lagi agar ia kekal releven dan penting dalam membekalkan barangan yang dapat memenuhi keperluan dan kehendak pengguna.

The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa on boycotting Israeli products is one of the religious responses to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that invites Muslims not to buy or use products that support the state of Israel. This study aims to analyse the fatwa through the perspective of I’tibār Ma'ālāt al-'Af'āl, which is a concept in Islamic law that considers the long-term impact or consequences of an action. In this study, it is argued that this fatwa has positive consequences in the form of economic pressure on Israel and strengthening Muslim solidarity with Palestine. However, there are also potential negative impacts that need to be considered, such as the economic effects for consumers in Indonesia and the effectiveness of the boycott if it is not followed globally. Through of I’tibār Ma'ālāt al-'Af'āl analysis, this study emphasises the importance of balancing the objectives and impacts of boycott actions, as well as the need for continuous evaluation to ensure that the positive impacts of this fatwa can be optimally achieved. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for decision-makers and Muslims in implementing the fatwa by considering the wider consequences.

Keselamatan makanan sangat penting untuk diberikan perhatian dan penekanan memandangkan kesannya sangat besar kepada tubuh badan.  Selain itu, ia juga memberi kesan kepada kesihatan spiritual. Aspek utama dalam keselamatan makanan adalah berkaitan kebersihan. Justeru itu, objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisis ayat-ayat al-Quran yang berkaitan ṭahārah dan melihat kepentingan ayat-ayat ini dalam aspek keselamatan makanan.  Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menjadikan kajian perpustakaan sebagai yang utama. Manakala analisis dilakukan berdasarkan ayat-ayat yang menyebut kalimah ṭahāra. Setelah itu, analisis akan dibuat dengan melihat ayat-ayat tersebut dengan kepentingan dalam aspek keselamatan makanan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat 23 ayat yang menyebut berkaitan tahara di pelbagai surah. Daripada 23 ayat ini terdapat ayat yang dapat dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan dari sudut pembuat makanan dan ayat yang dapat dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan dari sudut pembuatan makanan. Kajian ini sangat signifikan pada masa kini kerana apabila dikaitkan dengan keselamatan makanan, perlulah melihat dari aspek asas terlebih dahulu di mana asasnya Tuhan yang menciptakan manusia, yang Maha Mengetahui yang terbaik buat hambanya hakikatnya telah memberi panduan dalam hal yang penting sebegini.

Background: In Indonesia there is no antibacterial medicine based on Indonesian medicinal plants Pylantus niruri L. (Meniran) is allegedly to have an antibacterial effect. Objective: This study aims to explore the antibacterial effects of the 96% ethanolic extract of P.niruri and to determine it’s TLC [Thin layer chromatography] Methods: The test design is an invitro study with diffusion and well methods. Bacteria used is S.epidermidis. The plant also performed phytochemical screening to determine the plant content that was suspected to have an antibacterial effect and continued thin layer chromatography. Results: The 96% ethanolic extract of P.niruri at concentrations of 100; 50; 25; 12.5 and 6,125% have an antibacterial effect with inhibition zones of 12,5;18,41; 12,31; 11,09 and 8,83mm. Conclusion: P niruri L. has potency antibacterial toward S. epidermidisi.

This study explores the current academic debate on the punishment for apostasy within Islamic scholarship, focusing specifically on the Malaysian context. Traditionally, classical fiqh literature has prescribed the death penalty for apostasy, based on the view that renouncing Islam is both a theological error and a threat to community security and political stability. However, modern Muslim scholars are increasingly questioning this stance, arguing that it contradicts Qur’anic principles of freedom of belief and human dignity. The issue addressed in this study is the tension between classical legal positions, emerging reformist perspectives, and the existing legal framework in Malaysia, where laws vary from punitive measures in some states, such as Pahang, to counselling-based approaches in Negeri Sembilan. This research aims to analyse contemporary reinterpretations of the punishment for apostasy and assess their implications for Malaysia’s pluralist legal system. It particularly evaluates the viewpoints of three influential reformist scholars, Abdul Mutaal al-Soidi, Taha Jabir Al-Alwani, and Ahmad al-Raisūnī, who oppose capital punishment by emphasising the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah, including the protection of intellect, dignity, and freedom of belief. Methodologically, the study employs qualitative content analysis of primary legal texts, complemented by semi-structured interviews with officials from the Federal Territories Mufti Office and practising Syariah lawyers. Findings reveal a strong theoretical basis for reinterpreting apostasy as a matter of personal conscience rather than political rebellion, and for advocating a shift from coercive legal measures to education and dialogue. While classical jurists linked apostasy to political treason due to the sociopolitical realities of early Muslim societies, contemporary nation-states operate within different legal, constitutional and human rights frameworks. This makes a punitive approach less compatible with modern governance and more aligned with historical contingencies rather than universal principles. The study makes a global contribution by proposing an Islamic legal reform framework aligned with constitutional rights and international human rights standards, demonstrating how Islamic jurisprudence can evolve while maintaining its ethical foundations.

This study aims to develop a more appropriate and equitable zakat assessment framework for real estate property developers in Malaysia by considering the differing operational realities between formally registered companies (Sdn. Bhd. or Berhad) and small-scale property developers operating individually. The property sector plays a significant role in Malaysia’s economic growth. However, existing zakat guidelines are predominantly based on manufacturing and production models, which emphasize inventory in the form of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. This approach does not reflect the nature of the property development business, where the core assets consist of land, completed houses, and buildings. This study adopts a qualitative methodology involving semi-structured interviews with nine informants comprising academics, industry experts, zakat officers, and both formal and informal property developers. Informants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure their expertise and experience in the subject of zakat for property businesses. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key similarities, differences, and emerging themes in the assessment of zakat on real estate ventures. Findings show a unanimous consensus among informants on the obligation of zakat on property development activities, as such ventures are categorized as ‘urud tijarah (trading assets). However, it was strongly emphasized that current zakat accounting frameworks fail to address the operational distinctions of property developers. For formal developers, zakat assessment should include current assets such as completed property inventories (buildings, houses, land lots), accounts receivable (net of doubtful debts), short-term investments, fixed deposits, and company cash holdings. Allowable current liabilities include payables, short-term borrowings, lease liabilities, outstanding taxes, and non-Shariah compliant income that must be excluded from zakat calculations. In contrast, small-scale developers are only liable for zakat upon the sale of the property and the realization of profit. Assessable assets include only the proceeds from property sales, while deductible liabilities include costs such as land development, labor, legal fees, licensing, and annual land taxes. This exception aligns with the Maliki school of thought, which considers such developers as tajir al-mutarabbis thereby granting them zakat relief by requiring payment only after the property is sold and zakat conditions are fulfilled.

Grades often conceal specific competencies, while Malaysia's Outcome-Based Education (OBE) requires evidence at the Programme Learning Outcome (PLO) level. We develop a PLO-centric predictive framework that forecasts students' 12 end-of-programme PLO scores. Using anonymised records for 194 engineering students, we constructed a semester-indexed feature set (167 predictors) and jointly modelled all 12 PLOs via multi-output regression. Eleven algorithms (CatBoost, Extra Trees, LightGBM, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Random Forest, SVR, k-NN, Bayesian Ridge, AdaBoost, HistGradientBoosting) were evaluated under 70/30, 80/20, 90/10 hold-out regimes with 10-fold CV on training folds. We benchmarked macro Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of determination (R²), and tested stacking and convex blending. Across splits, Bayesian Ridge was the most reliable single model by MAE (with CatBoost occasionally leading in R²), and a simple convex blend (Bayesian Ridge + CatBoost ± Extra Trees/Gradient Boosting) delivered ~5-13% lower MAE than the best single learner, whereas stacking did not add consistent gains. Model interpretability (model-native importances, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)) shows a noticeable later-year (third year and beyond) pattern, Semester 2 signal with recurrent contributions from PLO2 and PLO7, alongside a meaningful early-year indicator (e.g., PLO2_Semester_2_Year_1). The framework enables earlier, PLO-level feedback aligned with accreditation, supporting targeted intervention and curriculum improvement can be extended with broader cohorts, richer behavioural/demographic features, fairness audits, and cross-institutional generalisation.   Abstrak: Gred sering menyembunyikan kecekapan khusus, manakala Pendidikan Berasaskan Hasil (Outcome-Based Education, OBE) di Malaysia memerlukan bukti pada aras Hasil Pembelajaran Program (Program Learning Outcome, PLO). Kami membangunkan rangka kerja ramalan berpusatkan PLO yang meramalkan 12 skor PLO akhir program pelajar. Menggunakan rekod yang telah dianonimkan bagi 194 pelajar kejuruteraan, kami membina set ciri berindeks semester (167 peramal) dan memodelkan kesemua 12 PLO secara bersama melalui regresi pelbagai hasil. Sebelas algoritma (CatBoost, Extra Trees, LightGBM, Gradient Boosting, XGBoost, Random Forest, SVR, k-Jiran Terdekat (k-NN), Bayesian Ridge, AdaBoost, HistGradientBoosting) dinilai di bawah tiga pembahagian latih-ujian jenis hold-out (70/30, 80/20, 90/10) dengan pengesahan silang 10 lipatan pada set latihan. Kami membanding aras ralat menggunakan ralat mutlak min berpurata makro (MAE), ralat punca min kuasa dua (RMSE) dan pekali penentuan (R²), serta menguji dua strategi ensambel (penindanan dan pengadunan cembung). Merentas semua pecahan, Bayesian Ridge ialah model tunggal paling boleh diharap dari segi MAE (dengan CatBoost kadang-kadang mendahului dari segi R²), dan pengadunan cembung ringkas (Bayesian Ridge + CatBoost ± Extra Trees/Gradient Boosting) memberikan pengurangan MAE sekitar ~5-13% berbanding model tunggal terbaik, manakala penindanan tidak menambah peningkatan yang konsisten. Kebolehtafsiran model (kepentingan asli model dan SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)) menunjukkan corak yang jelas pada tahun-tahun akhir (tahun ketiga dan ke atas), isyarat Semester 2 dengan sumbangan berulang daripada PLO2 dan PLO7, di samping penunjuk awal tahun yang bermakna (cth., PLO2_Semester_2_Tahun_1). Rangka kerja ini membolehkan maklum balas lebih awal pada aras PLO yang sejajar dengan keperluan akreditasi, menyokong intervensi tersasar dan penambahbaikan kurikulum. Pada masa hadapan, ia boleh diperluas dengan kohort yang lebih besar, ciri tingkah laku/demografi yang lebih kaya, audit keadilan, serta penggeneralisasian rentas institusi.

Livestock farming remains a cornerstone of global agricultural systems, contributing significantly to food security, economic development, and rural livelihoods. However, the sector is increasingly challenged by environmental degradation, inefficient practices, and socio-economic barriers. Education serves as a pivotal solution, empowering farmers with the knowledge and skills required for sustainable livestock management. This bibliometric analysis explores the intersection of livestock farming and education, analyzing research trends, thematic clusters, and collaboration patterns from 2015 to 2024 using data from the Web of Science database and VOSviewer software. The analysis identifies critical themes, such as sustainable practices, climate resilience, zoonotic disease management, and socio-economic empowerment, underscoring the transformative role of education in addressing these issues. Additionally, the integration of digital technologies, such as mobile learning platforms, precision farming tools, and blockchain-based traceability systems, enhances the accessibility and effectiveness of educational initiatives in livestock management. The findings reveal a steady growth in research on this topic, with significant academic and practical implications. Targeted educational interventions, including Farmer Field Schools and tailored training programs, are recommended to enhance productivity, promote sustainability, and foster inclusivity in the livestock sector. By integrating education with livestock farming, the study contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goals 2 (Zero Hunger) and 4 (Quality Education). This research provides a comprehensive foundation for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to advance the integration of education in livestock farming, fostering resilience and sustainability within the sector.

Background: C-shaped canals are a complex root canal variation, most frequently observed in mandibular second molars. Their atypical anatomy can make root canal treatment more difficult and may lead to complications if not properly identified. The use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) offers superior visualisation of canals morphology compared to conventional radiography. While the prevalence of C-shaped canals has been reported in various populations, there is limited data regarding their prevalence and configuration in the Malaysian’s multiracial population. Understanding these morphological variations is essential for treatment planning and improving clinical outcomes. Aim: This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to determine the prevalence and configuration of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular and maxillary second molars among the Malaysian population using the Modified Melton’s classification. Methods: A total of 274 CBCT images involving 605 second maxillary (n = 269) and second mandibular molars (n = 336) were obtained from Oral Radiology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. For each tooth, the canal configurations were evaluated at three different levels: ‘coronal’, ‘middle’, and ‘apical’. The canal configurations were subsequently classified according to the Modified Melton’s classification. The prevalence and canal configuration correlation between sex, ethnicities, and tooth positioning were determined using odds ratio (P = 0.05). Results: The patients’ ages ranged from 12 to 72 years old, with a mean age of 29.47 ± 11.53 years. The patients were female (76.6%) with Malays or Bumiputera (78.8%) predominance. The prevalence of C-shaped canals found was 10.1% (n = 44), and all were presented in second mandibular teeth. The most frequent C-shaped canals configuration found was C3-C3-C3 (29.5%). C-shaped canals were presented more likely when the patient is Chinese than other ethnicities with an odds ratio of 3.18 (95% CI, 1.562-6.488; P = 0.001) and in fused roots than multirooted roots (OR = 173.43; 95% CI, 65.077-462.195; P < 0.001). Sex was not associated with the prevalence of C-shaped canals in this study. Conclusions: The prevalence of C-shaped canals of the mandibular second molar in the Malaysian subpopulation in this study was 10.1% with the most frequent configuration of C3-C3-C3 at 29.5%. The Chinese ethnicities and tooth with fused roots were more frequently associated with the incidence of C-shaped canals. Identification of the C-shaped canal morphology allows the clinician to modify the canal preparation and obturation techniques to obtain a good endodontic treatment outcome, while also preventing any iatrogenic or procedural errors.

Each student has a different level of mastery in terms of cognitive aspects. This difference should be identified by teachers. Therefore, it is important to carry out an intervention approach for students who have problems and are at a weak level of mastery. Through research conducted by researchers through interviews conducted with teachers of Religious Primary Schools (SRA) who teach the Jawi subject, it was found that some students cannot recognize the hijaiyah letters well. Some are still unable to write the letters Alif, Ba, and so on correctly. In addition, there are students who cannot spell Jawi letters correctly even though they are in grade 4. Therefore, this study examines the main problems that make students drop out in the Jawi subject. This study is a qualitative study using the interview method with nine Jawi, SRA, JAIS subject teachers in nine SRA schools according to nine districts in the state of Selangor. Data was analyzed using NVivo12 software and thematic analysis approach. The study findings found that there are several main problems faced by students, namely lack of motivation, weak basic knowledge of Jawi, and system problems in schools. It is hoped that the study will help address issues of student dropouts from the Jawi subject so that students are assisted in terms of mastering knowledge and thus improving their achievements. Keywords:  Dropout; Jawi Writing; Islamic Education Teachers; Religious Primary Schools Abstrak Setiap murid mempunyai tahap penguasaan kognitif yang berbeza. Perbezaan ini perlu dikenal pasti oleh guru agar pendekatan intervensi yang sesuai dapat dilaksanakan, khususnya terhadap murid yang menghadapi masalah dan berada pada tahap penguasaan yang lemah. Hasil temu bual bersama guru-guru Sekolah Rendah Agama (SRA) yang mengajar subjek Jawi mendapati bahawa sebahagian murid masih gagal mengenal huruf-huruf hijaiyah dengan baik. Malah, terdapat juga murid yang tidak mampu menulis huruf asas seperti Alif dan Ba dengan betul. Selain itu, meskipun sudah berada di Tahun 4, ada murid yang masih tidak dapat mengeja perkataan Jawi dengan tepat.Sehubungan itu, kajian ini meneliti cabaran utama yang menyebabkan berlakunya keciciran murid dalam penguasaan subjek Jawi. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif dengan kaedah temu bual terhadap sembilan orang guru Jawi di sembilan buah SRA di bawah pentadbiran JAIS yang mewakili sembilan daerah di negeri Selangor. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian NVivo 12 melalui pendekatan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa cabaran utama yang dihadapi murid, antaranya kurang motivasi, kelemahan pengetahuan asas Jawi, serta isu berkaitan sistem persekolahan. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan ke arah merangka strategi intervensi yang lebih berkesan bagi menangani cabaran keciciran murid dalam subjek Jawi, seterusnya meningkatkan tahap penguasaan dan pencapaian mereka.  Kata kunci: Tercicir; Tulisan Jawi; Guru Pendidikan Islam; Sekolah Rendah Agama

Batik, a traditional textile art form originating from Southeast Asia, particularly Malaysia and Indonesia, holds significant historical and cultural value. However, it is currently struggling to engage younger generations, especially on popular social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok. This study explores the socio-economic and digital barriers that limit youth participation and interaction with Batik content online. One major challenge is the digital divide among youth from rural or low-income backgrounds, many of whom lack access to smartphones and stable internet connections. Even when digital tools are available, a lack of digital literacy often prevents effective use of social media for engaging with Batik content. These factors significantly hinder youth from discovering, appreciating, or promoting Batik in the digital realm. The industry also faces issues in portraying Batik as relevant and versatile for modern fashion and daily wear. Without targeted efforts to bridge digital and social gaps, Batik risks being viewed as outdated or relegated solely to ceremonial use. To ensure Batik remains a vibrant part of Southeast Asian heritage, the industry must adopt inclusive strategies. These include improving digital literacy, enhancing access to technology, and creating youth-oriented, relatable content that highlights Batik's modern appeal. By addressing these barriers, Batik can remain both a symbol of cultural identity and a fashionable, contemporary choice embraced by future generations.

This study explores the implementation of character education in two urban-based student Islamic boarding schools affiliated with Islamic universities in Yogyakarta: The Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) and Ma’had Aly bin Abi Talib at Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta (UMY). While character education is a key feature in both classical and modern pesantren, this research investigates how these two institutions adapt their strategies to address the moral and social challenges faced by contemporary urban Muslim students in higher education contexts. Using a qualitative field approach, data were collected through interviews with caregivers, lecturers, and students, as well as observations and institutional document analysis during the 2022–2023 academic year. The findings reveal that UII emphasizes structured mentoring, leadership development, and integrative academic-religious programs, while UMY focuses on project-based learning through da’wah and tahfidz activities to shape students’ religious, social, and leadership character. Unlike pesantren in rural or traditional contexts, these urban-based institutions integrate academic demands, digital technology, and modern social dynamics into their character education framework. This study contributes to a contextual understanding of character development for contemporary urban Muslim students in Islamic higher education institutions.

Aim: This study used cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) to describe the maxillary first premolar anatomy in Malaysian subpopulation using two classification systems by Vertucci (1984) and Ahmed et al. (2017). Methods: A total of 200 CBCT images involving 282 first maxillary premolar teeth were obtained from the Oral Radiology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University Sains Islam Malaysia. The number of roots and canal configuration for each tooth were described using the classification system established by Vertucci (1984) and Ahmed et al. (2017). Correlation among sex, ethnicity, and tooth positioning was determined using Chi‑squared test (P = 0.05). Results: One root was present in 64.2% of maxillary first premolars and was predominant in both males and females. The majority of Malay and Chinese had one root at 60% (n = 123) and 81.8% (n = 54), respectively, whereas Indian showed two roots at 63.6% (n = 11, P < 0.05). The number of roots and canals did not differ significantly between the right and left first maxillary premolars in both classifications. Vertucci’s Type IV configuration was the most common, with significant differences observed in the Malays and Indian population, but no significant variations across ethnicities. The classification proposed by Ahmed et al. identified the 2 FPB1 P1 configuration as the predominant morphology, particularly among the Malay (35.1%, n = 72) and Indian (63.6%, n = 7/11) groups with notable gender disparities. The 1 FP1‑2 was frequently observed in the Chinese population (24.2%, n: 16). Significant differences in the distribution of canal configurations were found among the ethnicities in the Ahmed classification. Conclusion: A variety of root and canal anatomical presentation were observed in this subpopulation. Classification systems sufficiently describe maxillary first premolar anatomy. Nonetheless, the classification system proposed by Ahmed et al. provides a precise description of complex anatomical canal configuration in teeth with multiple root and root canals.

Introduction: Duodenal stenosis is a congenital condition involving partial obstruction of the duodenal lumen. It often presents later with vague symptoms, delaying diagnosis. Case Report: We describe the case of a 19-month-old girl with recurrent vomiting since the neonatal period, initially resolving with no signs of obstruction. At 16 months, she showed faltering growth, initially attributed to colitis, with temporary symptom improvement. Three months later, vomiting recurred. The combination of chronic vomiting, growth delay and symptom recurrence raised the suspicion of a structural issue. Imaging confirmed duodenal stenosis, and she underwent a corrective duod enoduodenostomy. Discussion: This case highlights incomplete intestinal obstruction with non-specific symptoms delaying diagnosis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for structural anomalies in children with persistent vomiting and failure to thrive.