This study aims to develop a model of fiqh al-ṭahārah that is culturally sensitive and practically applicable to the Indigenous Muslim (Orang Asli) community in Malaysia, with specific emphasis on the purification of food containers and kitchen utensils contaminated by najāsah al-khinzīr (porcine impurity). The research addresses the challenges faced by Muslim converts within the Orang Asli community, who often find certain fiqh rulings difficult to observe due to cultural incompatibilities and the communal reality of living with non-Muslim family members. These challenges necessitate the formulation of a fiqh framework that embodies the principles of ease (taysīr), is grounded in sound Islamic jurisprudence, and accommodates the socio-cultural context of the community. The study employs a quantitative research approach using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to gain expert consensus. A panel comprising Islamic legal scholars and daʿwah practitioners with experience working among the Orang Asli was consulted to evaluate the suitability of various jurisprudential views. The findings indicate strong consensus among experts in favour of the majority opinion which permits purification by washing until the physical traces of impurity are removed, without requiring seven washes with soil. This approach aligns with the maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, promotes inclusivity and facilitates the practice of Islam among marginalised Muslim communities. The proposed model is expected to resolve ongoing purification-related dilemmas, strengthen Islamic practice among Orang Asli Muslims and enhance the effectiveness of daʿwah to non-Muslim family members. This study also contributes to the broader discourse on contextual fiqh for minority Muslim communities and invites further exploration into jurisprudential adaptation in multicultural settings.

The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) fatwa on boycotting Israeli products is one of the religious responses to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that invites Muslims not to buy or use products that support the state of Israel. This study aims to analyse the fatwa through the perspective of I’tibār Ma'ālāt al-'Af'āl, which is a concept in Islamic law that considers the long-term impact or consequences of an action. In this study, it is argued that this fatwa has positive consequences in the form of economic pressure on Israel and strengthening Muslim solidarity with Palestine. However, there are also potential negative impacts that need to be considered, such as the economic effects for consumers in Indonesia and the effectiveness of the boycott if it is not followed globally. Through of I’tibār Ma'ālāt al-'Af'āl analysis, this study emphasises the importance of balancing the objectives and impacts of boycott actions, as well as the need for continuous evaluation to ensure that the positive impacts of this fatwa can be optimally achieved. The results of this study are expected to provide insights for decision-makers and Muslims in implementing the fatwa by considering the wider consequences.

Background: In Indonesia there is no antibacterial medicine based on Indonesian medicinal plants Pylantus niruri L. (Meniran) is allegedly to have an antibacterial effect. Objective: This study aims to explore the antibacterial effects of the 96% ethanolic extract of P.niruri and to determine it’s TLC [Thin layer chromatography] Methods: The test design is an invitro study with diffusion and well methods. Bacteria used is S.epidermidis. The plant also performed phytochemical screening to determine the plant content that was suspected to have an antibacterial effect and continued thin layer chromatography. Results: The 96% ethanolic extract of P.niruri at concentrations of 100; 50; 25; 12.5 and 6,125% have an antibacterial effect with inhibition zones of 12,5;18,41; 12,31; 11,09 and 8,83mm. Conclusion: P niruri L. has potency antibacterial toward S. epidermidis

This study aims to develop a more appropriate and equitable zakat assessment framework for real estate property developers in Malaysia by considering the differing operational realities between formally registered companies (Sdn. Bhd. or Berhad) and small-scale property developers operating individually. The property sector plays a significant role in Malaysia’s economic growth. However, existing zakat guidelines are predominantly based on manufacturing and production models, which emphasize inventory in the form of raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods. This approach does not reflect the nature of the property development business, where the core assets consist of land, completed houses, and buildings. This study adopts a qualitative methodology involving semi-structured interviews with nine informants comprising academics, industry experts, zakat officers, and both formal and informal property developers. Informants were selected through purposive sampling to ensure their expertise and experience in the subject of zakat for property businesses. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key similarities, differences, and emerging themes in the assessment of zakat on real estate ventures. Findings show a unanimous consensus among informants on the obligation of zakat on property development activities, as such ventures are categorized as ‘urud tijarah (trading assets). However, it was strongly emphasized that current zakat accounting frameworks fail to address the operational distinctions of property developers. For formal developers, zakat assessment should include current assets such as completed property inventories (buildings, houses, land lots), accounts receivable (net of doubtful debts), short-term investments, fixed deposits, and company cash holdings. Allowable current liabilities include payables, short-term borrowings, lease liabilities, outstanding taxes, and non-Shariah compliant income that must be excluded from zakat calculations. In contrast, small-scale developers are only liable for zakat upon the sale of the property and the realization of profit. Assessable assets include only the proceeds from property sales, while deductible liabilities include costs such as land development, labor, legal fees, licensing, and annual land taxes. This exception aligns with the Maliki school of thought, which considers such developers as tajir al-mutarabbis thereby granting them zakat relief by requiring payment only after the property is sold and zakat conditions are fulfilled.

Background: C-shaped canals are a complex root canal variation, most frequently observed in mandibular second molars. Their atypical anatomy can make root canal treatment more difficult and may lead to complications if not properly identified. The use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) offers superior visualisation of canals morphology compared to conventional radiography. While the prevalence of C-shaped canals has been reported in various populations, there is limited data regarding their prevalence and configuration in the Malaysian’s multiracial population. Understanding these morphological variations is essential for treatment planning and improving clinical outcomes. Aim: This cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to determine the prevalence and configuration of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular and maxillary second molars among the Malaysian population using the Modified Melton’s classification. Methods: A total of 274 CBCT images involving 605 second maxillary (n = 269) and second mandibular molars (n = 336) were obtained from Oral Radiology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. For each tooth, the canal configurations were evaluated at three different levels: ‘coronal’, ‘middle’, and ‘apical’. The canal configurations were subsequently classified according to the Modified Melton’s classification. The prevalence and canal configuration correlation between sex, ethnicities, and tooth positioning were determined using odds ratio (P = 0.05). Results: The patients’ ages ranged from 12 to 72 years old, with a mean age of 29.47 ± 11.53 years. The patients were female (76.6%) with Malays or Bumiputera (78.8%) predominance. The prevalence of C-shaped canals found was 10.1% (n = 44), and all were presented in second mandibular teeth. The most frequent C-shaped canals configuration found was C3-C3-C3 (29.5%). C-shaped canals were presented more likely when the patient is Chinese than other ethnicities with an odds ratio of 3.18 (95% CI, 1.562-6.488; P = 0.001) and in fused roots than multirooted roots (OR = 173.43; 95% CI, 65.077-462.195; P < 0.001). Sex was not associated with the prevalence of C-shaped canals in this study. Conclusions: The prevalence of C-shaped canals of the mandibular second molar in the Malaysian subpopulation in this study was 10.1% with the most frequent configuration of C3-C3-C3 at 29.5%. The Chinese ethnicities and tooth with fused roots were more frequently associated with the incidence of C-shaped canals. Identification of the C-shaped canal morphology allows the clinician to modify the canal preparation and obturation techniques to obtain a good endodontic treatment outcome, while also preventing any iatrogenic or procedural errors.

This study explores the implementation of character education in two urban-based student Islamic boarding schools affiliated with Islamic universities in Yogyakarta: The Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) and Ma’had Aly bin Abi Talib at Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta (UMY). While character education is a key feature in both classical and modern pesantren, this research investigates how these two institutions adapt their strategies to address the moral and social challenges faced by contemporary urban Muslim students in higher education contexts. Using a qualitative field approach, data were collected through interviews with caregivers, lecturers, and students, as well as observations and institutional document analysis during the 2022–2023 academic year. The findings reveal that UII emphasizes structured mentoring, leadership development, and integrative academic-religious programs, while UMY focuses on project-based learning through da’wah and tahfidz activities to shape students’ religious, social, and leadership character. Unlike pesantren in rural or traditional contexts, these urban-based institutions integrate academic demands, digital technology, and modern social dynamics into their character education framework. This study contributes to a contextual understanding of character development for contemporary urban Muslim students in Islamic higher education institutions.

Aim: This study used cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) to describe the maxillary first premolar anatomy in Malaysian subpopulation using two classification systems by Vertucci (1984) and Ahmed et al. (2017). Methods: A total of 200 CBCT images involving 282 first maxillary premolar teeth were obtained from the Oral Radiology Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University Sains Islam Malaysia. The number of roots and canal configuration for each tooth were described using the classification system established by Vertucci (1984) and Ahmed et al. (2017). Correlation among sex, ethnicity, and tooth positioning was determined using Chi‑squared test (P = 0.05). Results: One root was present in 64.2% of maxillary first premolars and was predominant in both males and females. The majority of Malay and Chinese had one root at 60% (n = 123) and 81.8% (n = 54), respectively, whereas Indian showed two roots at 63.6% (n = 11, P < 0.05). The number of roots and canals did not differ significantly between the right and left first maxillary premolars in both classifications. Vertucci’s Type IV configuration was the most common, with significant differences observed in the Malays and Indian population, but no significant variations across ethnicities. The classification proposed by Ahmed et al. identified the 2 FPB1 P1 configuration as the predominant morphology, particularly among the Malay (35.1%, n = 72) and Indian (63.6%, n = 7/11) groups with notable gender disparities. The 1 FP1‑2 was frequently observed in the Chinese population (24.2%, n: 16). Significant differences in the distribution of canal configurations were found among the ethnicities in the Ahmed classification. Conclusion: A variety of root and canal anatomical presentation were observed in this subpopulation. Classification systems sufficiently describe maxillary first premolar anatomy. Nonetheless, the classification system proposed by Ahmed et al. provides a precise description of complex anatomical canal configuration in teeth with multiple root and root canals.

Introduction: Duodenal stenosis is a congenital condition involving partial obstruction of the duodenal lumen. It often presents later with vague symptoms, delaying diagnosis. Case Report: We describe the case of a 19-month-old girl with recurrent vomiting since the neonatal period, initially resolving with no signs of obstruction. At 16 months, she showed faltering growth, initially attributed to colitis, with temporary symptom improvement. Three months later, vomiting recurred. The combination of chronic vomiting, growth delay and symptom recurrence raised the suspicion of a structural issue. Imaging confirmed duodenal stenosis, and she underwent a corrective duod enoduodenostomy. Discussion: This case highlights incomplete intestinal obstruction with non-specific symptoms delaying diagnosis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for structural anomalies in children with persistent vomiting and failure to thrive.

Purpose – The aim of this service is to socialize the importance of financial literacy relate to personal financial management for students of Muhammadiyah 3 Gresik High School. Design/methodology/approach – This community service activity was conducted through several structured stages to improve understanding of personal financial management among students at Muhammadiyah 3 Gresik High School. The implementation stages began with initial observations, interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), preparation of educational materials, implementation of the service through education and preparation of a report. Findings – The results of this community servce activity were to provide education on Private Financial Management for students of SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Gresik. This community service activity aimed to raise student’s awareness of the importance of financial management from an early age. Based on the activities carried out, many students still do not understand how to manage money well. Through this acivity, the community service succeeded in providing a deeper understanding and encouraging students to invest. Students not only gained new knowledge but also encouraged them to think critically in making financial decisions. Originality/value – This service is carried out to help partners solve their problems by providing education regarding personal financial management and utilizing digital technology for investment.

This study investigates the factors influencing consumer intentions towards secondhand clothing among Generation Z in Malaysia. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a framework, the research examines the impact of convenience, attitude, price, and product quality on purchase intentions. Data were collected through an online survey with 200 respondents. Statistical analysis, including regression analysis, revealed that price and quality significantly influence consumer intentions, while convenience and attitude do not. The findings highlight the importance of high-quality and affordable second-hand clothing in attracting Generation Z consumers. This research provides valuable insights for businesses and marketers aiming to target eco-conscious and budget-savvy young consumers. The study also suggests areas for future research, including exploring generational differences and expanding the geographical scope.

This paper examines persistent inter-organisational collaboration (IOC) challenges affecting electronic payment workflows in Malaysia’s public sector, focusing on the Transport License Department (TLD). It explores the suitability of Blockchain Technology (BCT) in addressing issues such as fragmented systems, manual reconciliation, and communication bottlenecks. Adopting a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology within a qualitative paradigm, empirical data were collected through focus group discussions with seven frontline officers directly involved in daily e-payment processes. Thematic analysis identified four major challenges: absence of a shared platform, operational inefficiencies and mistrust, inconsistent SLA compliance, and fragmented communication. Participants highlighted BCT’s decentralised, tamper-resistant features as promising for real-time data exchange, automated reconciliation, and smart contract-enforced compliance. Nonetheless, socio-cultural resistance, including scepticism toward BCT and reliance on traditional communication practices, was seen as a barrier. The study developed the Blockchain-Integrated Collaborative E-Payment Framework (BICEF), validated by domain experts for technical and operational feasibility. While BICEF demonstrates potential to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public sector financial workflows, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate its real-world implementation and address cultural and organisational resistance. This research contributes a novel application of BCT in Malaysia’s public sector e-payments by integrating blockchain functionalities such as smart contracts and decentralised communication into a validated IOC framework. It advances theoretical understanding and provides practical design insights for strengthening digital governance in high-volume public agencies.

This paper aims to apply the concept of fiqh al-Muwazanah on the issue of interfaith marriages among Muslims that widely occur in non-Muslim majority countries, especially the Western world. Two cases discussed among scholars regarding their permissibility are analyzed: A Muslim man who marries an ahl al-Kitab woman and a new convert wife without her husband whose marriage has already been established. Even though both issues have been discussed within classical and contemporary works, a new Muslim minority context may require some considerations. Thus, by applying fiqh al-Muwazanah, this study analyses the weighing of maslahah and mafsadah for both issues. A qualitative research method will be employed to achieve this objective by interviewing selected local muftis and scholars. It was found that maslahah is significantly considered by muftis and scholars when dealing with both issues, especially the maslahah of religion and family. While both cases have different views among scholars, they share similarities in terms of considering maslahah must be in accordance with priority, the application must be based on a case-to-case basis, and the potential of da’wah is the central pillar for both permissibility. Despite the limited number of interviewees, this study provides rigorous analysis by referring to related literature, practical discussion, and recommendations on both issues

This study presents a systematic review of global research on halal awareness conducted between 2012 and 2024. Halal awareness is defined as the level of consumer understanding and recognition of halal principles, encompassing production processes, ingredient selection, and the significance of halal certification in compliance with Islamic guidelines. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the analysis combines bibliometric and qualitative methods, employing NVivo 12 Plus for thematic mapping and trend analysis. The review synthesizes findings from major international databases to assess research trends, thematic focus, and geographical distribution. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in academic attention to halal awareness, with publication activity reaching its highest point in 2022. Southeast Asian countries, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia, are identified as primary contributors to the field. The literature is categorized into four main themes: determinants of halal awareness, its influence on consumer behavior, its role across industrial sectors, and its progression in various national contexts. Major drivers of halal awareness include consumer education, social influences, and regulatory policies. The study underscores the growing importance of halal awareness among both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers, evidenced by rising global demand for halal-certified products in sectors such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and tourism. This review offers a comprehensive resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, and highlights opportunities for future research in areas such as non-food industries and digital innovations to improve halal supply chain transparency and consumer literacy.

Type II diabetes is a one of the types of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) that are commonly occurring in diabetic patients worldwide. It is a condition that happens due to the inability of the body to regulate and use simple sugar (glucose) as fuel or source of energy to the body and would later lead to an increase in blood sugar level. Citrus hystrix or also known as Kaffir lime, is one of the most common citrus fruits in the Southeast Asian region that is known to have an antidiabetic potential. Consequently, this research aims to investigate the usage of Kaffir lime as a natural as well as Halalan Thayyiban antidiabetic alternatives for patients suffering from Type II Diabetes in lowering their blood sugar content. In Brunei Darussalam, most cases of DM are related to Type II Diabetes. This can be caused by the unhealthy lifestyle and unbalanced diet of many of the local citizens which are already suffering from overweight and obesity. This study has been reviewing secondary data such as books, journals and articles of other researchers of the same or similar field of research or topic as a source of reference and data collection. The findings show that Kaffir lime can be a good source of antidiabetic alternatives for diabetic patients as it is naturally occurred and Halalan Thayyiban. The phytochemical contents of the Kaffir lime which include such as flavonoids is proved to have an effective impact towards inhibiting the activity of alpha-amylase enzyme, an enzyme that catalyses the digestion of starch into simple sugars such as glucose. This could help diabetic patients to regulate their blood glucose levels accordingly with the correct amount of Kaffir lime extract intake.

Human skin transplantation plays a critical role in modern medical practice, particularly in the treatment of burn injuries, chronic wounds, and dermatological conditions. The establishment of human skin banks has revolutionised the accessibility and quality of skin grafts for these applications. However, the operation of these banks, particularly in regions with a significant Muslim population like Malaysia, raises ethical and Islamic legal questions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the role and significance of human skin banks in modern medical practice, address the medical needs that human skin banks fulfil, delves the ethical and legal dimensions of their operation in accordance with Islamic principles. The study used a library-based methodology and collected data from various sources, including books, websites, and journals. A review of existing literature is conducted to understand the medical importance of skin banks and to explore the existing legal and ethical frameworks. Legal analyses are performed to determine the alignment of human skin banking with Islamic legal principles. The finding highlights the importance of aligning human skin banks with Islamic principles to ensure ethical and legal acceptability in order to implement human skin banks. It emphasises the need for comprehensive guidelines and legal frameworks that respect the rights and values of donors and recipients while integrating skin banking into the healthcare system. This review contributes to the discourse on the operation of human skin banks in predominantly Muslim regions, addressing ethical and legal concerns. It provides valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and scholars seeking to harmonise medical needs with Islamic principles. The expanding field of medical technology should be taken advantage of in order to safeguard the Maqasid of Sharia, especially all the concepts of Daruriyat, Hajiyat, and Tahsiniyat.  

This study examines the taxonomy and physiological characteristics of hyena species, drawing from specialized scientific literature. It also investigates Islamic legal texts on the permissibility of consuming hyena meat, presenting the spectrum of jurisprudential opinions. Employing a qualitative methodology, the research combines descriptive and analytical approaches to derive informed conclusions. Scientifically, hyenas are classified into four species: three are carnivorous predators with powerful jaws and aggressive scavenging behaviors, while the fourth—Proteles cristata (aardwolf)—feeds primarily on termites, larvae, and small rodents. Islamic scholars hold divergent views regarding the consumption of hyena meat. Proponents of permissibility rely on ẓannī (probabilistic) textual evidence, whereas opponents cite qatʿī (definitive) sources that prohibit the consumption of fanged predators. This divergence may be reconciled by acknowledging the taxonomic differences among hyena species. The study posits that the hyena referenced in early Islamic texts most likely refers to the aardwolf, a species that does not exhibit typical predatory behavior. Furthermore, the claim that hyenas are hybrids of wolves is scientifically unfounded, as such hybridization would result in offspring retaining heightened predatory instincts, not insectivorous feeding patterns. The study underscores the relevance of integrating scientific taxonomy into Islamic legal reasoning.

Perinatal stroke is an acute focal brain infarction or haemorrhage occurring from birth to 28 postnatal days. Perinatal stroke typically presents with seizures within 72 h and conversely hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) presents at birth with signs of encephalopathy. BackgroundPerinatal stroke is an acute focal brain infarction or haemorrhage occurring from birth to 28 postnatal days. Perinatal stroke typically presents with seizures within 72 h and conversely hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) presents at birth with signs of encephalopathy.CaseThis case report presents a case of perinatal stroke which was initially treated as HIE. The mother presented in labour and had thick meconium-stained liquor. The patient was born with a poor Apgar score and metabolic acidosis. The patient did not fulfil criteria for cooling therapy, until he developed a focal seizure at 7 h of life. Subsequently, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) therapy was initiated with the diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy. However, a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain performed later showed left posterior cerebral artery territory subacute infarct with haemorrhagic component at the left occipital lobe.ConclusionThe pathophysiology of perinatal stroke is similar to HIE which may lead to similar presentation at birth. Due to the difficulty in differentiating these two diseases, initiating therapeutic hypothermia for HIE is appropriate in this case. Utilisation of scoring tools may aid objective interpretation of MRI findings and prognostication of HIE.

Cultural discourse is still dominated by stereotypes that categorize women as second-class citizens with limited roles in the domestic sphere. This view was eroded by modernity but still had implications for minimal protection of women's rights, including in the settlement of joint property after divorce. The hypothesis was that the mechanism for resolving joint property did not provide optimal protection for women's rights due to legal factors, culture biases, and a gender-biased understanding of the law. Therefore, this study examined the problems of resolving joint property through three dimensions, namely (1) Ontological, which showed the inequality of justice for women in the division of joint property, (2) Epistemological, which examined the method of resolution that was still patriarchal due to a lack of understanding of equal rights, partner egoism, and the dominant patriarchal culture, and (3) Axiological, which discussed policy options that were more inclusive and fair for women. The method used was a sociological-empirical (non-doctrinal) analysis of legal regulations, and empirical data from real cases were collected through interviews. This study offered two main innovations, and the first filled a significant gap in the investigation of strategies for resolving joint property that favors women. The second innovation was the preparation of a model affirmative action in the Division of Joint Property as a solution to gender discrimination in law. The results were expected to be the basis for policies and strategies for gender mainstreaming in Islamic family law in Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, this study contributed to uncovering gender inequality in the division of joint property through a holistic method, including ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions. Based on empirical data from real-life practices, the result showed that the legal system remained patriarchal and failed to provide optimal protection for women’s rights.

This study examines the concept of eschatology in Arabic literature, focusing on the "al-Wa'dzu" (warning) element in the Quran. Its primary goal is to analyse the rhetorical aspects of Islamic art within the KEMAS community. Previous research highlights the extensive use of rhetoric in interpreting Quranic eschatological verses. However, this approach remains underutilized in Islamic art, where the "al-Wa'dzu" aspect is not prominently emphasized for the target audience. Data will be collected through observation at the Islamic Festival organized by KEMAS Malaysia, following a qualitative methodology centered on observational data. The "Dakwah @ Media" program presents Islamic art characteristics to the audience, with key topics covering parenting, the life of Prophet Muhammad, and Islamic values. However, most presenters do not connect these topics to eschatological concepts, even when the content relates directly to the signs of eschatology in Islam.

The Islamic Energy Garden (IEG) merges Islamic values with sustainable practices based on Maqasid Shariah principles to create eco-friendly, spiritually enriching campus environments. This study addresses the gap in research regarding the application of energy solutions within Islamic gardens aligned with Maqasid Shariah. It aims to identify and categorise Islamic garden and green energy elements as essentials (Daruriyat), complements (Hajiyat), and embellishments (Tahsiniyat). Through thematic tafseer and scoping review analyses, the study explores the characteristics of Islamic gardens and sustainable design, contributing to policy-making and guiding inclusive campus designs in Malaysia.