Journal of Fatwa Management and Research (JFatwa)

The article presents a discussion on the position of women in politics. Two main perspectives were examined in the discussion, namely the views of Indonesian Muslim scholars and other Muslim scholars. The writer argues that the ground for determining the role of women in leading a country should not solely rely on textual evidence.

The rate of crime and frequent fatal accidents have reached an alarming stage. Such phenomenon requires us to be more aggressive in identifying the root causes and proposing the solution to the problems. Islam has actually provided a unique mechanism to handle such issues which is called the diyat system. Diyat is not only a remedy but also an effective preventive measure to the problems. Its implementation is closely related to two parameters which are the asset and the 'aqilah system. Asset here refers to the type of asset acceptable for diyat payment, meanwhile 'aqilah refers to the party responsible to make the payment. So this article discusses the concept of 'aqilah and its methodology based on contemporary.

This paper examines the methodological approach adopted by International Islamic Fiqh Academy (IIFA). IIFA is an institution representing Islamic countries and therefore gathers all member states within the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC). The present paper aims at analyzing the fatwa methodology and the system of collective ijtihad. The paper also reviews the importance of collective ijtihad in response to the contemporary issues facing Muslim nations. It shows that IIFA's most important scientific achievement is the methodology of the fatwa. The paper discusses in detail the rules and disciplines relating to the consultation process in IIFA. It confirm that the opinion of the institution depends on the collective opinion and not individual opinion. It also utilizes the opinion of experts and specialists in examining arising issues

The study examines the role and contribution of the Jabatan Mufti Kelantan (Mufti Department of Kelantan). The department plays a significant role in disseminating Islamic teachings, especially the fatwa, Islamic laws and publication in particular: Established in 1983, the institution saw the engagement of eleven Muftis. The objective of this study is to collect data and information relating to all of the Muftis of Kelantan. The study also aims at scrutinizing and recognizing the role and contribution of the said Mufti Department in giving prestige and propagating the Islamic precepts to the Kelantanese society. This study involves both fieldwork study and library research by analyzing the records and other sources available at the Mufti Department.

Based on the division of powers in the Federal Constitution, the administration of Islamic affairs in Malaysia is under the jurisdiction of the state government. The Malay rulers are the Heads of Religion for their respective states, whilst the Yang di-Pertuan Agong acts as the Head of Religion for the states which have no Malay Rulers. The administration of Fatwas in the states is enforced by the State Laws being primarily known as the Enactment of the Administration of Islamic Law. Based on the provisions in the State Enactments, the state governments have established the Mufti Departments. The administration of Fatwa which is the responsibility of the Mufti is implemented through this department.

Fatwa (Islamic ruling) and Islamic legal opinion Viqh;hukm) have an evident relationship. In reality, fahva is the outcome of the thinking tmnd for a particular period of time. This can be proven by a thorough examination offiqaha 's legal opinions with reference to certain period of time, The said correlation is also observed in the State of Kelantan in terms of fatwas issued either by the state muftis or the state's fatwa council, Therefore this stu& iIlustrates the reality that the masses as well as the Islamic jurists in Kelantan strictly observe and obey the Shaji'i school of thought to the extent that their adherence becomes a traditional practice.

The present study investigates the role of Arabic language in determining Islamic legal rules. It explains that the Arabic language is a key to understand and analyse Islamic legal sources. The article adopted both analytical and descriptive methods. The research discusses the importance of the Arabic language and its role in understanding the Islamic jurisprudence, the issuance of fatwas and the legitimate guidance of the Syariah. The article also explain that the research of the language also requires a proper understanding of the fundamental rules of Islamic jurisprudence.

Limited and scarce land for burial purposes and the rapid increase of population have led to the proposal to reuse the graveyards. Several approaches were suggested to overcome these problems and among those being proposed was the development of multi-level graveyards. This proposal has been put forth to the authorities especially the muftis in relation to its Islamic legal ruling. The fatwa issued by the authority received mixed reaction from the public. This article intends to discuss the proposal to build multi-level graveyards by looking at the opinions of the earlier jurists and fatwas issued by muftis in Malaysia in matters concerning corpses and the use of cemetery. It is hoped that the analysis will assist in answering numerous questions arising out of the issue.

This article discusses the opinions of several fatwas concerning medical issues that involved medical experts. It tries to examine the cooperation between the National Fatwa Council (Jawatankuasa Muzakarah Fatwa Kebangsaan) and medical experts in issuing certain fatwas on medical issues to see whether the views of medical experts have been taken into consideration before issuing any fatwa. The research focuses on fatwa related to medical issues that have been decided by the National Fatwa Council. The study shows that there is a close cooperation between both parties.

The objective of the article is to share the experience and the information on fatwa management in Cambodia particularly its organizational structure and fatwa issuing process. It is also to know how far the fatwa activities have been carried out where Muslims are the minority. The study examines the historical background and development of the Islamic society in Cambodia. The fatwa management in Cambodia has a number of problems, for example, lack of fiqh experts and professional expertise, inadequate reference boob and ill-equipped ICT infrastructure. In other words, the fatwa management in Cambodia is lagging behind compared to other countries in the region. The study offers a number of suggestions to further improve the fatwa management in order to enhance the development of the Muslim community in Cambodia in general.

Fatwa merupakan pemberitahuan sesuatu hukum kepada masyarakat setempat yang diperlukan dalam menghadapi persoalan semasa yang memerlukan kepada penyelesaian yang menepati tuntutan agama. Fatwa juga memainkan peranan penting menyelesaikan kekeliruan dan kekusutan yang dihadapi oleh umat Islam. Sebarang kekeliruan dan masalah yang timbul dapat diatasi dengan fatwa, dan ini seterusnya sudah tentu akan memberikan satu kepuasan kepada umat Islam setempat dan seterusnya mereka akan dapat melakukan aktiviti harian dengan baik dan sempurna. Artikel ini akan membincangkan konsep fatwa dan cabaran penguatkuasaannya setelah diwartakan berdasarkan kepada akta pentadbiran undang-undang Islam Wilayah Persekutuan. Di samping itu, penulis akan mengenalpasti pihak yang bertangungjawab dalam menguatkuasakan sesuatu fatwa itu setelah diwartakan. Hasil daripada artikel ini penulis mendapati penguatkuasaan fatwa di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur masih di tahap yang rendah dan lemah. Antaranya adalah disebabkan beberapa kekangan yang dihadapi oleh Bahagian Penguatkuasaan, Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan terutama dari segi bilangan kakitangan yang tidak mencukupi dan kaedah penyebaran fatwa kepada masyarakat yang tidak sistematik dan tersusun. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberi gambaran kepada masyarakat Islam tentang perlaksanaan penguatkuasaan fatwa di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur secara khususnya dan pihak- pihak yang berkenaan dalam meningkatkan peranan fatwa dalam menyelesaikan sesuatu masalah yang timbul secara umumnya.

This paper reports a study of the usage of information communication and technology (ICT) in fatwa management at Mufti departments in Malaysia. For this research ICT is the term used to explain the usage of technology such as computer to manipulate data for the purpose of disseminations and communications. The usage of ICT was studied based on four basic operations that are input, process, output and storage. This research also identifies the factors that limit the ICT usage in fatwa management. The data were collected through interviews and survey at Mufti departments in Malaysia. The outcome of this research shows that generally ICT is being used in fatwa management at Mufti departments in Malaysia and specifically the ICT is more applied for storage purposes. Nevertheless the technologies and infrastructures available are limited. This research also reveals that the usage of ICT does help in managing fatwa efficiently and effectively for the beneflt of the Muslim community.

Dunia sudah melangkah ke zaman era kemajuan dengan kapasiti masyarakat sudah mampu memiliki tahap ekonomi yang stabil juga sudah boleh memiliki sesuatu barangan yang bukan sahaja bagi kegunaan keperluan bahkan untuk perhiasan dan kemewahan. Emas dan perak merupakan salah satu barangan perhiasan yang amat digemari untuk dimiliki sebagai lambang status kebanggaan seseorang individu malah ia juga sebagai satu bentuk pelaburan berguna kerana emas dan perak merupakan harta yang semakin tinggi nilai dan harganya selepas pembelian. Lantaran permintaan yang tinggi terhadap barangan ini maka, emas dan perak telah direvolusikan dalam pelbagai bentuk hasil dari perkembangan teknologi dan kemahiran pakar yang semakin meningkat. Percampuran emas dan perak, tembaga dan emas, termasuk juga aloi serta palladium dengan emas juga akhirnya membentuk pelbagai jenis barangan perhiasan lelaki dan wanita seperti yang ada di pasaran kini antaranya seperti emas putih dan suasa. Namun disebabkan berlakunya revolusi ini banyak permasalahan baru yang timbul dan perlu dicari resolusi penyelesaiannya. Bila emas ini dijadikan bentuk barangan keperluan seperti pinggan mangkuk, gelas dan sebagainya, bagaimana pula hukumnya disisi Islam. Apakah hukum pemakaian emas putih dan suasa? Bagaimana pula dengan pembayaran zakat? Apakah hukum pembayaran zakat emas putih dan apakah ada keperluan pembayaran barangan emas yang menjadi mas kahwin kerana ia bukan barangan perhiasan. Kepada siapakah hak esklusif emas putih dan suasa ini jika emas memang untuk wanita dan perak untuk lelaki? Justeru itu, kajian ini akan cuba merungkai pandangan, qawl-qawl yang terpilih di samping membuat juhud melalui pena’kulan aqliah terhadap senario permasalahan semasa kini.

Pada awal tahun 2009, masyarakat Malaysia dikejutkan dengan isu penggunaan kalimah Allah SWT Isu ini seperti tarik “tali” antara mahkhamah sivil dengan perlembagaan Malaysia di samping fatwa yang dikemukakan oleh Majlis Jawatankuasa Fatwa Kebangsaan dan sebahagian negeri di Malaysia. Ini menyebabkan mereka yang berautoriti menafsirkan maksud perlembagaan atau akta yang berkaitan, dan yang menjadi lebih parah lagi apabila cendikiawan Islam juga berkhilaf dalam isu ini. Natijahnya, Majlis Raja-raja mencadangkan supaya isu ini diselesaikan dengan sebaik mungkin. Artikel ini akan membincangkan Keabsahan Penggunaan Nama Allah S.W.T dari pelbagai sudut, sama ada dari kaedah bahasa, uruf, logik akal, fatwa dan perundangan bagi membuktikan nama Allah SWT hanya untuk Umat Islam.

Konsep hukum jenayah yang ditetapkan dalam Islam mempunyai beberapa konsep tertentu iaitu menjaga nyawa dan kehormatan jiwa manusia, menjaga kewarasan akal, menjaga agama, menjaga keturunan dan zuriat serta menjaga harta benda. Begitu juga hukuman Qazaf, ia ditetapkan di dalam Islam berdasarkan kepada konsep untuk menjaga kehormatan jiwa manusia dan menjaga maruah seseorang. Pada zaman sains dan teknologi masa kini, kita dapat melihat dan sering mendengar pelbagai jenayah yang dilakukan� oleh� manusia� sama� ada yang melibatkan nyawa, maruah, harta benda dan sebagainya. Jenayah Qazaf merupakan jenayah yang semakin berleluasa pada masa kini yang dilakukan sama ada mempunyai tujuan yang tertentu atau sebaliknya. Mereka yang melakukan qazaf hendaklah mempunyai saksi bagi mensabitkan orang yang didakwa atau dituduh. Namun, apa yang berlaku sekarang ini, kebanyakan mereka yang melakukan jenayah qazaf tidak mempunyai saksi bagi mensabitkan kesalahan orang yang didakwa. Timbul persoalan, adakah orang yang melakukan kesalahan qazaf yang tidak mempunyai saksi perlu bersumpah ataupun orang yang didakwa dikehendaki bersumpah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsep sumpah, pensyariatannya dan pembahagiannya dalam Islam. Di samping itu, artikel ini akan menerangkan situasi- situasi tertentu yang mengharuskan sumpah dipakai sebagai kaedah pembuktian, sama ada yang melibatkan hak Allah ataupun hak manusia. Penulis juga akan menjelaskan pengertian qazaf, jenis-jenis kesalahan qazaf dan pengsabitan kesalahan qazaf serta isu yang melibatkan tuduhan melakukan liwat. Hasil daripada artikel ini penulis mendapati dalam mazhab Shafie sumpah boleh digunakan untuk menafikan tuduhan liwat ataupun zina jika pendakwa memohon daripada hakim supaya yang didakwa bersumpah disebabkan ketiadaan saksi. Walau bagaimanapun Imam Malik dan Ahmad berpendapat sebaliknya iaitu sumpah hanya boleh dilakukan apabila melibatkan hak manusia seperti mal, manakala hak Allah seperti hadd Qazaf tidak boleh dilakukan sumpah. Diharapkan artikel ini dapat memberikan gambaran dan pendedahan sebenar kepada masyarakat tentang konsep sumpah dan jenayah qazaf menurut perspektif Islam.

Ajaran sesat merupakan satu tajuk penting dalam pengeluaran fatwa di Malaysia. Sungguhpun tajuk ini tidak menyentuh aspek hukum fiqh, kebanyakan fatwa rasmi seperti yang terkandung dalam warta kerajaan adalah menyentuh ajaran sesat. Apabila sesuatu ajaran itu dianggap sesat melalui fatwa, agensi kerajaan yang berkaitan terutamanya Jabatan Agama Islam akan mengambil langkah-langkah untuk menguatkuasakan fatwa berkenaan melalui pendakwaan terhadap individu yang terlibat dengan ajaran berkenaan. Ramai pihak beranggapan bahawa tindakan pendakwaan dalam kategori kesalahan ini agak sukar untuk disabitkan memandangkan kesukaran dalam masalah pembuktian dan prosedur. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk membincangkan beberapa aspek dan isu fatwa mengenai ajaran sesat yang berkaitan dengan penguatkuasaan di Malaysia. Artikel ini juga akan menerangkan secara ringkas pendahuluan mengenai fatwa dan perkembangan mengenai penguatkuasaan fatwa ajaran sesat di Malaysia

The main objective of this paper is to examine the role of collective Ijtihad institutions in Sudan with special reference to the Islamic Fiqh Academy of Sudan (IFA-Sudan) and the Shari'a supervisory boards in Islamic banks. The paper begins with a background of fatwa history in Sudan, focusing particularly on the experience of the Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA-Sudan), which is a leading institution in the area of collective Ijtihad, through the powers granted to it as an official fatwa institution and discusses its contribution diverse to both society and the state. This paper presents an overview of selected models of Shari'a supervisory boards in Islamic banks and financial institutions including the High Shari'a Supervisory Council (HSSC) in Central Bank of Sudan. It provides also in-depth and strong understanding of Shari'a consultancy mechanisms in Islamic banks and their role in fatwas harmonization in financial matters. Through discussion emphases have given to the working approaches and procedures for the issuance of fatwa and its reinforcement mechanism from the perspective and practices of Islamic law in Sudan. This paper highlights some significant results on the importance of institutions of collective ijtihad, especially in public issues and emerging subjects. In conclusion, some policy implications have been mentioned on the development of fatwa management and use of modern technology to communicate between Shari'a supervisory boards in Islamic Banks and other financial institutions within and outside the country, and the interaction with the public, through answering their religious questions.

Fatwa plays a very significant role in Shariah by providing different resolutions and solutions to the Muslim community when it is needed to ensure the compliance with principles of Shariah and commends of God. It should be understood that fatwa is not confined to particular section in Islamic law but it covers the entire sections and subsection of Islamic law including business, finance and trade. Today, fatwa takes a different shape in Islamic finance; it is introduced and presented in the industry in the form of resolutions issued by Shariah board members who represent Shariah corporate governance body in the structure of the Islamic financial institutions. The resolution is further structured in the form of Shariah endorsement which is part and parcel of product approval as required by the regulators. The present paper discusses fatwa and its methodology in Islamic finance to ensure a sound process of issuing an accurate resolutions that comply with the rules and guidelines that have been set in Islamic jurisprudence.