E-Proceedings International Convention on the Basic Structure of Constitution 2021 (ICOBAC 2021)

The results of the research obtained that the legal protection of labour in the Articles of Law number year states that if the female workers/laborers referred to in the paragraph are employed between the hours of s.d. then the entrepreneur is the one who is responsible. Seeing from these provisions, it is clear that every female worker/labour is entitled to legal protection. One aspect of legal protection for workers is in the form of: Economic protection, namely the protection of workers in the form of sufficient income, Social protection, namely: protection of workers in the form of occupational health insurance and freedom of association and protection of the right to organize. Technical protection is the protection of workers in the form of work security and safety. in the view of Islamic law, the protection of female workers can be seen from two aspects. First, in terms of Islamic law (Allah and His Messenger), it aims to fulfil primary, secondary, and tertiary human needs which accumulatively provide protection against five aspects, namely; safeguarding religion, guaranteeing the protection of the right to life, guaranteeing the right to the development of reason and thought, guaranteeing the protection of the right to ownership of property, and finally guaranteeing the right to the development of species and offspring.

Land acquisition for development for public interest ex officio requires land or land as a location for physical realization for the construction of public interest facilities and infrastructure. However, in reality land acquisition for the public interest often causes disputes which are indicated to be detrimental to the people. Empirically, here are implications related to human rights, especially in land acquisition. This study examines human rights guarantees after the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation by linking Article 3 of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights which states that everyone is born free with the same and equal human dignity and worth, has the right to protection and legal treatment that is fair and without discrimination against land acquisition for development in the public interest which is vulnerable to being violated and distorted by the government or parties who need land during the land acquisition process. The results of this normative research offer indicators of appropriate and fair compensation taking into account the perspective of human rights.

The existence of the Supreme Court (MA) in the history of the state administration of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) is one of the state institutions that has always existed and is regulated in the constitution that has ever existed in Indonesia. This can be seen from the development of the constitution that has ever been in effect, starting with the 1945 Constitution which was ratified on 18 August 1945 (including the 1945 Constitution after the 5 July 1959 Decree), The 1949 Constitution of the United States Republic of Indonesia (KRIS), the 1950 Provisional Basis (UUDS), and the 1945 Amendment Result. The judicial power prior to the amendment of the 1945 Constitution was regulated very simply. This is contained in Article 24 stating that: (1) Judicial power is exercised by a Supreme Court and other judicial bodies according to law; paragraph (2) The composition and powers of the judicial bodies are regulated by law. Meanwhile, Article 25 states that: The requirements to become and to be dismissed as judges are stipulated by law. The regulation of judicial power through a statutory mechanism has resulted in the guarantee of the independence of the Supreme Court as the executor of judicial power experiencing a setback. This is because many laws are a reflection of the political will of power. The guarantee of the independence of the Supreme Court in exercising its judicial power has become the content of the constitution. One of them is regulated in Article 24 paragraph (1) stipulating that: Judicial power is an independent power to administer justice to uphold law and justice. Then Article 24A paragraph (4) stipulates that: The chairman and deputy chairman of the Supreme Court are elected from and by the supreme judge. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the independence of the Supreme Court in implementing the independence of judicial power is influenced by several factors, namely internal and external factors.

Law Number 30 of 2014 on Government Administration limits the use of discretion so that it does not conflict with statutory regulations. The Law on Government Administration is intended to prevent abuse of power in the use of discretion. However, with the existence of the Job Creation Law, Article 175 has removed the requirement “not contrary to the provisions of the legislation” for government officials to exercise discretion. This change will harm government administration officials because of the potential for abuse of authority in the use of discretion. This paper uses the relevant literature review method and the laws and regulations related to these problems. The study results show no restrictions and mechanisms to control the new discretionary provisions regulated in the Job Creation Law. For this reason, the only remaining solution is to increase discretionary oversight to superior officials. The government takes a significant risk by eliminating the “not contrary to the provisions of the legislation.” If it is interpreted as a contrario, it can lead to the interpretation that discretion contrary to the laws and regulations can now be exercised freely. Therefore, a control mechanism and restrictions on the discretionary arrangement are needed.

This study examines the legal basis and implementation of the use of debt collector services by Islamic banking or Islamic financing institutions. This billing is done to take the collateral if the fiduciary giver defaults. The type of research used is normative juridical research. Legal materials were collected by means of literature study and document study. The results of the research show that it is permissible to use debt collection services by Islamic Banking and Sharia Financing Institutions as long as they comply with the regulations regulated by Indonesia Bank, the Financial Services Authority, and the Constitutional Court Decision regarding fiduciary guarantees.

Prior to the Federal Court’s decision, the Court of Appeal’s judgment in the case of A Child & Ors v Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara & Ors [2017] 4 MLJ 440 that reversed the High Court’s decision in A Child & Ors v Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara & Ors [2016] MLJU 1579 in unanimously allowing the illegitimate child to bear the name of his or her biological father and for the biological father’s name to be registered in the birth certificate of the illegitimate child had witnessed nationwide controversies, debates and polemics in all stratum of society ranging from the local Islamic scholars and the Muslims in Malaysia in general. This controversial and endless critics against the Court of Appeal’s decision was put to an end by the Federal Court in Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara & Ors v A Child & Ors (Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Johor, intervener) [2020] 2 MLJ 277, that reversed the said Court of Appeal’s decision in the sense that it held that an illegitimate child could not bear the biological father’s name. However, looking in an in-depth manner to the judgement, whether such judgment really put to an end of the issue of paternity and registration of an illegitimate child is a question that consequently triggers the writing of this paper. In pursuant thereof, this paper would dissect, analyse and comment the Federal Court’s judgement comprehensively while drawing due reference to the principles and legal rulings in the Shari’ah. Having so doing, this paper would attempt to suggest and devise a harmonious legal landscape in the issue of ascription and registration of illegitimate child’s paternity that would satisfy both civil and Shari’ah legal regime as applicable in Malaysia

Di Malaysia, usaha untuk memartabatkan perundangan jenayah Islam secara total telah dirintis seawal tahun 1993 oleh Kerajaan Negeri Kelantan melalui pembentangan Enakmen Kanun Jenayah Syariah (II) 1993. Usaha yang sama diteruskan pada tahun 2015 dengan melakukan beberapa pindaan pada enakmen tersebut. Walaupun terdapat banyak penulisan dan ulasan berkaitan usaha-usaha ini, hanya sedikit kajian yang memuatkan perspektif secara terus daripada individu yang terlibat secara langsung dengan usaha ini. Justeru, objektif kertas kerja ini adalah bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perspektif individu-individu yang terlibat secara langsung dengan usaha ini. Seterusnya, analisis dan cadangan penambahbaikan bagi usaha ini akan dilakukan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah kualitatif. Data dikumpul menggunakan temubual separa berstruktur melibatkan beberapa individu yang merupakan ahli Jawatankuasa Teknikal Hudud peringat Nasional dan Negeri Kelantan. Data kemudiannya dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kekangan utama kepada pelaksanaan kedua-dua enakmen ini adalah disebabkan kekangan perundangan. Justeru, seharusnya kekangan perundangan ini di atasi sebelum enakmen ini diluluskan di Sidang DUN Kelantan. Kajian ini juga berpandangan bahawa Enakmen Kanun Jenayah Syariah (I) 2019 yang diwartakan pada 30 Disember 2020 lebih menepati realiti perundangan Malaysia dan menepati konsep tadarruj dalam memperkenalkan undang-undang jenayah Islam di Malaysia.

This study aims to determine how the implementation of patient safety programs according to Law No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals in health services at the Emergency Installation of Margono Soekarjo Regional Hospital, Purwokerto. This study uses a normative juridical approach, research specifications are qualitative. The data presentation method is presented in the form of “narrative text” and “data matrix”. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Patient Safety Program in the emergency department of the Margono Soekarjo Regional Hospital, Purwokerto has not been implemented optimally. This can be proven by almost all Hospital Patient Safety Standards cannot be implemented effectively and the factors which affect this, namely the attitude, motivation and communication of health workers are low.

Perkhidmatan penjagaan kanak-kanak yang berkualiti adalah penting dalam memastikan kanak-kanak itu dijaga dengan baik bukan sahaja dari segi kesihatan dan keselamatan mereka, malah dalam perkembangan pertumbuhan mereka. Jadi, perkhidmatan penjagaan kanak-kanak tidak seharusnya dianggap sebagai jagaan semata-mata sebaliknya ia merupakan peringkat awal untuk pendidikan kanak-kanak. Isu taman asuhan kanak-kanak berasaskan rumah yang tidak dikawal oleh undang-undang yang khusus adalah penting untuk diketengahkan dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan kualiti perkhidmatan penjagaan kanak-kanak di Malaysia melalui usaha perundangan. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji keperluan membangun rangka kerja undang-undang dalam mengawal selia pusat jagaan kanak-kanak di rumah. Mengikut undang-undang dan peraturan Malaysia, pusat asuhan kanak-kanak di rumah yang mengasuh kanak-kanak kurang daripada empat orang tidak perlu mendaftar dengan pihak berkuasa dan tidak dipantau oleh mana-mana undang-undang atau peraturan. Kejadian tidak diingini yang melibatkan pusat asuhan kanak-kanak di rumah yang tidak dikawal undang-undang boleh menjadi faktor pendorong untuk Malaysia membangun rangka kerja undang-undang dalam meningkatkan kualiti pusat tersebut. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah kajian doktrin dalam bentuk pengumpulan data berasaskan dokumen analisis dan ulasan kes.

Hak privasi individu seperti data peribadi dilindungi oleh undang-undang dalam perundangan negara seluruh dunia. Kecanggihan teknologi maklumat membolehkan data peribadi seseorang itu disimpan di dalam cakera keras dalaman di dalam komputer agar dapat diakses oleh mana-mana pihak yang berkepentingan bagi tujuan mengekstrak data tersebut apabila diperlukan. Apabila kecanggihan teknologi maklumat bekerjasama dengan rangkaian internet yang pantas data peribadi seseorang terdedah kepada aktiviti pencerobohan siber yang terlarang dari segi undang-undang. Oleh itu terdapat keperluan untuk menutup kelopongan terhadap undang-undang bagi melindungi data peribadi seseorang serta kerahsiaannya daripada dicuri oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Kerajaan Negara Brunei Darussalam telah menggubal Akta Rahsia Rasmi (Penggal 153) 2010 yang sedikit sebanyak membantu dalam menyelesaikan jenayah curi identiti secara elektronik ini. Kajian ini mengupas hubungkait peruntukan undang-undang di bawah Akta Rahsia Rasmi (Penggal 153) 2010 dengan undang-undang jenayah Islam boleh diguna pakai dalam menerbitkan hukum kepada permasalahan jenayah berbentuk maya ini. Metologi kajian adalah secara kualitatif deskriptif mengguna pakai teknik analisa dokumen. Analisis dilakukan dengan meneliti maklumat data primer iaitu buku-buku berkaitan dengan jenayah siber ini begitu juga data sekunder terutama penulisan dan artikel. Kajian ini juga turut mengguna pakai reka bentuk analisis kandungan dengan merujuk Akta Kesalahan Jenayah Negara Brunei Darussalam yang berkaitan. Dalam menghadapi realiti kecanggihan teknologi ini undang-undang jenayah Syariah yang cukup berkesan amat diperlukan sebagai jalan penyelesaian permasalahan jenayah curi identiti berbentuk maya ini.

Article 24 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia affirms that judicial power is exercised by a Supreme Court and its lower judiciary of general, religious, military, and state administrative judicial spheres along with a Constitutional Court. This means that the administrators of judicial power are in the hand of Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. Judicial power is an independent authority to carry out judicial matters for law and justice enforcement based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The recruitment of judges is carried out by the Supreme Court and by the Constitutional Court. The Judicial Commission as a state institution related to judicial power has correlation regarding recruitment of judges. This article will analyze how the correlation between the three state institutions is related to the recruitment of judges in Indonesia. The approach methodology used is normative juridical with descriptive analytical research specifications, secondary research data sources, obtained through literature studies, which are then analyzed qualitatively. The recruitment of judges in Indonesia is carried out by the Supreme Court for the recruitment of supreme court justices and judges for the four of its lower judiciary, and by the Constitutional Court for the recruitment of constitutional judges. The Judicial Commission is a state institution that was newly formed after the third amendment, which deals with judicial power. With the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 43/PUU-XIII/2015, the Judicial Commission no longer has broader authority in the process of recruiting judges, but still has a role in the recruitment process of Supreme Court judges. As the constitutional mandate of the Judicial Commission was created to maintain and uphold the honor, dignity, and behavior of judges, it is appropriate for the Judicial Commission to take a broader role in the process of recruiting judge.

The preparation of laws and regulations in Indonesia is regulated in Law No. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislations which explains the steps taken in forming rules and regulations invitation. The regions issued by the regions, often called regional regulations are still legal drafting, emphasizing conformity and compliance with higher laws. In this case, it can be seen that the role of aspirations and participation in policy formation has not yet involved the public, so in other words, it has not been seen as necessary. Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) is a method of formulating policies with an approach expected to accommodate all requirements in the preparation of legislation and can be used as a systematic evaluation system of regional regulations to become more qualified, effective, and efficient.

The discourse on the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence is a never-ending topic. Currently, there are several ethical guidelines and recommendations for Artificial Intelligence but these guidelines are non-binding and yet to reach significant effect. Artificial Intelligence systems are growing massively in almost all areas of human life, such as in the fields of medicine, business, finance, education, law, and manufacturing. Although Artificial Intelligence is quite developed and has a broad legal impact on society, in Indonesia regulations regarding Artificial Intelligence has not been specifically regulated. So, there is no legal certainty that overshadows the use of Artificial Intelligence. This paper will address how the legal subject of Artificial Intelligence is seen from the ethical aspect and how is the legal responsibility of Artificial Intelligence. The urgency to progressively initiate regulation on Artificial Intelligence globally and incorporate human rights and ethical standards in Artificial Intelligence creation is massive. The need for the government to intervene, and discriminated groups should have a significant role to shape artificial intelligence regulation to create justice is needed and positively supported.

The challenges for handling covid‐19 need a comprehensive approach both nationally and internationally in terms of state‐centered or international governance. Regarding the condition, the challenges to handling these conditions will vary from each other, but conceptually the approach is categorized into two, namely horizontal and vertical health challenges. Horizontal challenges are public health problems that arise and are cross‐border in nature. The pandemic cannot be carried out alone. International law as a legal instrument that binds and regulates relations between countries also regulates non‐state actors play a key role in vertical and horizontal contexts. Global regulation is needed because covid‐infections disease knows no boundaries. Mechanisms to facilitate international cooperation such as international law are very crucial for health, especially for prevention, treatment, and control functions. The role of the World Health Organization WHO as an international organization in the health sector is a central actor in the implementation of International Health Regulations (IHR). The IHR regulation aims to create global health governance and create better coordination in handling global disease outbreaks. Moving on from the complexity of the problems caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic in this era of globalization, an effective and holistic handling strategy is needed, one of which is through a multi‐track policy.

Part II of the Federal Constitution represents Malaysia's political and civil rights constitutional safeguards. These safeguards, however, has been amended through time since its inception in 1957. The amendments that have been done to Article 5 to13 and other related provisions such as Article 149, 150 and 159 have brought a mixture of reactions among the masses, where some viewed that such amendments have to be done as the country is growing. In contrast, others regarded it as a threat against preserving the national and constitutional identity. In addition to that, these constitutional amendments often resulted in these safeguards to their detriment. Concerning this, preservation of security, public order, and national identity has frequently been used to justify its alteration. Hence, the doctrine of basic structure has been raised to protect constitutional integrity; even its reception is generally divided and equally contested. The main objective of this paper is to examine the concept of basic structure and its relationship to the protection of fundamental liberties in Malaysia. Furthermore, this paper also explores the dilemma surrounding the country in finding its constitutional identity, which often centres on the conflict between Islam, local demographics, common law heritage, and cultural values. This paper adopts qualitative methodology, where a doctrinal approach is adopted.

The spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has a tremendous impact on all aspects of Indonesian people's lives. The basic rights of citizens as creatures created by God Almighty to maintain life and livelihood are also affected, including in the case of the formation of legal institutions carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic which was made to regulate and limit the movement of people. Public. The state in making a legal system needs to reflect the values of humanity and justice as a form of implementing a state of law based on Pancasila, building a legal system that is just and based on human rights is absolutely necessary, this is done in order to safeguard the basic rights of the community. Every community has the right to live and defend their lives, the policies issued must be balanced with a targeted implementation pattern so that potential human rights violations can be avoided. In reality, the implementation of the legal institutions that have been created still causes various frictions, and there is even a tendency for conflicts to occur in the field between the community, the apparatus and the Covid-19 Task Force, both of which result in administrative law and reporting to the police. Therefore, the government and the community needs to have a shared spirit to build a legal system that reflects human rights and fair during the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Ilmu al-Qawaid al-Fiqhiyyah adalah antara ilmu terpenting dalam bidang syariah. Ia amat membantu para mujtahid dalam mengeluarkan hukum bagi permasalahan kontemporeri yang tidak memiliki nas yang khusus. Penularan virus Covid-19 telah mencipta norma kehidupan baru, yang mana sebahagian daripadanya memerlukan penjelasan dari sudut hukum syarak. Antara norma baru tersebut adalah kemestian menempah tempat untuk melaksanakan sembahyang Jumaat. Sebahagian masyarakat Islam enggan melakukan tempahan ini, dengan alasan mereka hendak mendahulukan saudara Muslim lain. Justeru kertas kerja ini bertujuan melihat sejauh mana keabsahan alasan tersebut di sisi syarak. Kajian kuantatif ini menggunakan metodologi analisis bagi menganalisa kaedah-kaedah fiqh yang bersangkutan dengan permasalahan kajian dan juga pendapat para ulama terhadap kaedah-kaedah tersebut. Metode perbandingan juga diguna pakai dalam menilai pendapat-pendapat ulama bagi memilih pendapat yang paling sesuai untuk diaplikasikan sebagai hukum terhadap tempahan tempat bagi sembahyang Jumaat. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kaedah yang melarang mendahulukan saudara muslim lain dalam hal ibadah adalah lebih tepat berbanding sebaliknya.

The fisheries sector has a risk of human rights violations. Indonesia has many fishing industries, so it is necessary to make regulations on protecting human rights in fisheries. The responsibility for protecting human rights lies to the State and corporations. This article will analyze the responsibilities of corporations and the State in protecting human rights in the fishery sector. This study uses a normative juridical method with secondary data sources. The analysis was carried out in a qualitative normative manner and conclusions were drawn deductively. Based on the research results, State and corporation have responsibility to protect human right. The United Nations issued the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) as a guide for corporations that have three pillars of responsibility, namely to protect, to respect and to remedy. Subsequently, the Government of Indonesia issued Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number 35 of 2015 concerning Human Rights Certification in the Fisheries Sector that requires “fisheries entrepreneurs” to implement an enterprise-level compliance scheme consisting of three elements: (1) the establishment of a broad human rights policy; (2) mechanisms to facilitate due diligence; and (3) a remediation mechanism. In addition, the government issued the MMAF regulation Number 2 of 2017 concerning Requirements and Mechanisms for Fisheries Human Rights Certification. Indonesia has formed a human rights team and conducted human rights certification training for companies. Until 2021, the government has not implemented human rights certification because there are various obstacles, including the lack of common perception, lack of socialization, and lack of training.

Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (hereinafter referred to as UUJN-P) needs to be changed, along with the development of technology and information that cannot be dammed by anyone. Change is a child of its era. Notaries as the front line in development in Indonesia need to adapt to the development of information technology, so that the characteristics of globalization include fast, cheap services that can be part of the notary service system in Indonesia as a public official. The rapid development of technology requires changes to the UUJN-P that are accommodative to the dynamics of community development. Globalization, which is marked by legal events with measurable certainty, is an opportunity for notaries in Indonesia to be more skilled in making authentic deeds that do not reduce the elements of certainty for the parties, object certainty and certainty of the legal status of the parties who need the services of a notary. The first problem in this study is why changes to the UUJN-P are urgently needed? Second, what is the position of a notary in the era of globalization? The research method used is normative juridical, using primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials through a historical approach, a conceptual approach and a statutory approach as well as a futuristic approach. Based on this approach, an analysis of legal arguments was carried out with the interpretation of legal interpretation. The results showed that the Amendment to the UUJN-P urges that notaries in Indonesia can exist in the era of globalization, as during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has provided great lessons for changes in notary office services in Indonesia. Indonesia. The era of globalization requires notaries in Indonesia to be skilled in using the right technology and information, so that urban technology groups must quickly adapt to global needs and challenges that are fast, cheap and have measurable legal certainty.

Forest encroachment and illegal logging are statutorily recognised as forest offences or forest crimes under several forest-related acts. This is significant in a way it can mitigate the adverse loss of major biodiversity, forest environment quality and forest-dependent livelihood. Forest offences are found to take place within the protected area (i.e., permanent reserve forest (PRF), national parks, sanctuaries) and state land forest where the rate of forest offences in PRF is found to be higher in numbers. Related forest legislation, statistical data of forest and wildlife offences and works of literature are analysed to find gaps in the current statutory protection of the forest environment. Forest is a subject listed under List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List) in the Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia hence, this has contributed to several forest-related laws and governing agencies. Thus, the dynamic relationship between state and federal government is significant in ensuring forests that are home to thousands of species of biodiversity, flora and fauna to be safeguarded and protected for future generations to cherish.