Master's Theses

Treaties play an important role in the international law system because it is a tool for setting up international relations. This important role has increased recently because of the development that the international community is experiencing.Furthermore, treaty is considered as a tool to achieve sustainability in global life. Hence, international law obliges the treaty parties to abide by them. On the other hand, there will be instability, chaos and military disputes in the international law, which causes disasters whenever there isa breach in treaties. Showing the necessary assiduousness towards achieving treaties and their applications is a true expression to really execute the treaty. Treaty is a civil and an organizing manner between nations. Treaty execution is enhanced by the mutual desire of the involved parties. Besides, treaty execution is based on moral, social and practical backgrounds, which otherwise, executing treaties rendered impossible.

This discussion intends to study the topic of separation between a married couple caused by infertility fi-om the jurisprudence and legal points of view. The researcher begins the study by citing jurisprudence scholars' points of view in allowing separation caused by disability. Evidence and their discussions were presented as well. This study also highlights the views of jurisprudence scholars on limiting or delimiting the scope of disability as well as features the strongest opinion on the matter. This is done so as to form 'a starting point in order to include infertility under the scope of disability allowing separation between a married couple by citing opinions of earlier and current scholars. Also, it will be able to explain a strong opinion on the matter in line with the needs and objectives of Syariah. From the legal point of view, the researcher studied the standpoints of Libyan and Malaysian legal scholars on the issue of separation due to disability and the extent to which infertility can be regarded as a disability allowing the separation based on the legal systems of both countries. The study also includes explanation on the effects of separation caused by disability. This is done 'by citing related textual evidence and explaining the similarities and differences and thus making comparisons with what is present in Islamic jurisprudence. The .researcher concludes by urging Muslims to follow Islamic Syariah in upholding the wedding vows; that is husbands and wives should find other alternatives in order to avoid separation caused by infertility. This is in line with evidence and Islamic Syariah rules because they are regarded as perfect, comprehensive and flexible and guaranteed to have solutions to problems and obstacles faced by a married couple. The researcher has employed the method of extensive reading and observations from- relevant sources in gathering academic information apart from analyzing the views presented by jurisprudence scholars and related legal evidence. The researcher found findings from a few studies on the subject and it was shown that infertility is considered a disease which occurred naturally and as such, it became an obstacle in fulfilling the parenting instinct in human beings. In other words, it will be an obstacle to the real objective of marriage: to acquire zuriat. Therefore, infertility can fall under the scope of marriage disability which allows the application for separation between a married couple.

The Bay al-Inah concept is use in one of the available loan products in Islamic banking practiced by several financial institutions in Malaysia. Bay al-Inah from the Syari’ah perspective and within banking context means sales and purchases to obtain immediate cash facility. However, the status of this scheme is still questionable between pro and contra opinions of the traditional as well as modern religious specialists (‘ulama). In this research, the writer tries to establish a compromising approach and also to establish the extend of its application and usage as permitted by the Syari’ah principle in general: The writer obtains data from literature reviews, field observations, interviews and documents available. The writer focuses his research with Bank Rakyat Malaysia Berhad (BRMB) in Kuala Lumpur because Bank Rakyat Malaysia is the pioneer in offering this product to the market. The results indicate that this product is suitable to be used in Islamic capital markets in Malaysia in general and very specific in Bank Rakyat Malaysia Berhad (BRMB). BRMB has ensured to always updated all practices which may not be in line with the Syari’ah equipment e.g. the change of transaction instrument from gharar values to share certificate which nominal fixed values. However, this does not mean that BRMB has perfected the scheme as the writer has found that certain aspect and terms which are not really in line with principles of Islamic Syari’ah. The writer also tries to put forward several proposal and views as considerations and references for future updating prudent development of Islamic Banking in Malaysia in particular and the Islamic world in general.

This research is a study of the teaching of Qur’anic and Sunnah-based knowledge in the secondary religious schools in Pahang that use the Al-Azhar curriculum. The purpose of this research is to identify the curriculum’s suitability with Malaysian students as well as problems faced by the students and to provide solutions for the said problems. Several methods were utilized to collect data, including questionnaire, interview, document analysis and observation. The result shows that the curriculum has the potential to produce students who are good in behavior, and able to serve for religion, race and nation. Nevertheless, it needs to be reformed and revised in certain aspects such as the level of language used, syllabus of subjects, modes and methods of assessment and evaluation to make it more suitable for Malaysians students.

The research focuses on how to know the methodology of a contemporary scholar in Islam in his verdict. This scholar is known to be Sheikh Mohammad bin Saleh bin Uthaimeen may Allah have mercy upon him- (1 347-1421 h). Indeed, there are great benefits in learning about the methodology of godly scholars in Islam; doing so will enhance and enrich the field of learning research, as well, it will be a directory for the seeker of religious knowledge in order to imitate those scholars. The researcher has searched for the personal and learning life history of this particular aforementioned sheikh bin Uthaimeen. The researcher sifts thoroughly in searching sheikh's books and his verdict. The researcher came out with a research that directly goes to the translations, explanations of what this sheikh has been given of a big position in comparison to the other scholars, talkless of an ordinary man. The researcher also went on by analyzing sheikh's methodologies in using the reference with quran and prophetic traditions with hadith, which is collectively agreed upon by the congregation, or by individuals, also with sheikh's point of view in the weak hadith, and his references to the consensus, measurement's yard stick, intellect and his usage of principle of jurisprudence and technology for valeting religion, his steadfastness to the views of convention of the scholars and his works with obvious quranic verses or hadiths, how he has compiled within the proofs. Moreover, his explanation in turning to the views of denominations, thought of companions of prophets, their followers, school of thoughts, those who deal with clear evidence and people of innovations. Also, how the sheikh compiled the disagreements of Islamic scholars in religious matters, and how he gave a proof for the most soundable one. In addition, the researcher explains sheikh's diligence and dependence in verdict which comprises the researches about diligence, diligent and imitator, by remembering tryness of sheikh in contemporary issues, his concern about issues of muslims and muslim nation, Then talk on verdict, a person eligible to give it and a seeker for it. Till the time of writing these lines, the researcher doesn't find something about methodology of sheikh bin Uthaimeen in verdict. This research has come up with numerous results to mention are: that great position which sheikh has gained at the mist of Muslims. His brilliance, his broad knowledge, and his strength in resolution. Also, the step which sheikh took after the past righteous men of this ummah, his in abnormalities on non deviation from the methodologies and principles of the past righteous servant, his acquaintance with the different denominations, all this give his verdicts more power and result in its adherence and its spread within the muslims. He is a sample godly knowledgeable one, and he is worthy to be followed by others as well.

This study argues that the position of Islam towards polygamy has been profoundly misunderstood and often exploited to distort the image of Islam. Meanwhile, the adversaries of polygamy and Islam too, encourage permissiveness and moral laxness, and present them as a better alternative. The study depends on the inductive analytical method to compile data on the subject from both the Shari’ah and relevant temporal laws. It also conducts field study to understand the magnitude of polygamy, and the reactions to it among various sectors in the Malaysian society. The importance of this study lies in its elucidation of polygamy and its role in protecting the societies against the evils of family disintegration, several diseases and rape that are triggered by sexual permissiveness and the alarming accelerating rate of celibacy. The study demonstrate that polygamy had been practiced long before Islam, and by many nations that allowed men to marry as many women they wanted without any conditions or restrictions. With the advent of Islam, only physically and financially capable men were allowed to practice polygamy, and on a much-limited scale. The study admirably observe that the Malaysian personal laws sanction polygamy, but since each state has its own laws on the issues, it is advisable that they should be standardized in one law in order to avoid unjustified charges, such as redundancy against the injunctions of the Shari’ah. Polygamy is arguably a necessity for the Malaysian society, as it helps in resolving many problems related to marital affairs. Nonetheless, while reducing the impact of these problems, polygamy does not, however, address their root courses or settle them once and for all in the Malaysian setting.

The term "Fasilah" refers to the final words in a Quranic verse. It plays an import role in preserving the perfection of the meaning and arrangement of verses. This research has three objectives which are closely related to "fasilah". The first objective is to clarify the true nature of "fasilah(s)" in the Holy Qur'an. The second objective is to reveal the beauty of "fasilah" by explaining the functions of the pronunciations and meaning. Lastly, the objective of the study is to illustrate the findings of the beauty of "fasilah" gathered through the analysis of the al-Qiyamah verse. The library research and content analysis with the practical has been compiled with practical has been compiled in this research. However, this research is different from previous ones because its attempts to analyse fasilah from its pronunciation and meaning functions. The research also analyse a specific verses in detail in the process of determining the functions. Among the findings gathered in this research are; fasilah(s) in the Holy Quran have apparently natural musical strength. The balance between rhythm and the bond of pronunciation and meaning of the fasilah signifies the beauty of 'Ikjaz Balaghi which can be found in the Holy Quran. In addition, the research conducted in the al-Qiyamah verse has revealed that fasilah in the Holy Quran invokes an intense feeling in the souls of readers through the strong bond between pronunciations and meaning also the balance of rhythm.

This thesis reviews al Syeikh Muhammad Said Bin Omar, an expecpt in the essence of al-Quran, who documents a writing called Nur al Ehsan. This documents is an expert from several writings on the essense of al-Quran which are being practiced by Malaysia’s Muslim Theologists in their preaches at traditional education institutions such as Tafsir al Quran al Azim Lil Imamaini al Jalalain bi Daqaiq al Khafiyyahor tafsir al Jamal, as well as Tafsir al Imam al Baidhawi which is also known as Anwar al Tanzil and several other writings. Not only this thesis explores the background of al Syeikh Muhammad Said Bin Omar, it also studies his writing methodology in Nur al Ehsan from the perspectives of Ulum al Quran and Ulum Syar’iyyah which include Aqidah knowledge (Ilmu Aqidah), Fiqh and Tasawwuf.

Research survey was conducted on Person Under Observation (PUO), psychosocial approach and relapse cases in the District of Kinta. The District of Kinta was chosen for purpose of this research. The reason is because this location has many PUO cases compared to other districts in the State of Perak. The purpose of this research is to check the differences between the backgrounds of PUO, psychosocial approach and relapsed cases in the District of Kinta. Erik Erikkson (1980), Psychosocial Theory and Cognitive Behavioral Model (CBM), American Psychology is used as a theoretical framework in this research. Sample was chosen among population of PUO in the District of Kinta. The number of sample is 39 subjects, representing multi ethnic groups. Sample size was chosen using random sampling approach. The instrument used in this research is questionnaire. Some library research was also done for this research. The demography of the subject such as ethnic, religion, education status, duration of misused drugs, total of frequency entered to the NARC/prison/private drug rehabilitation centre was tested using One Way ANOVA. Ethnic and religion group was analyzed using frequency and percentage. Research result showed Malay Ethnic groups who are Islam/Muslims stated the highest group compared with other ethnic groups. For the One Way ANOVA testing, result showed hypotheses' H1, H2, H3 and H4 created are not significant and was rejected. Variables of psychosocial approach; counseling and guidance, religion and spiritual, sports and recreation, skills and vocational and social integration was analyzed using One Way ANOVA. Research result showed hypothesis H5 created not significant and was rejected. Relapse among PUO were also analyzed. For this purpose Hypothesis H6 was created and tested using One Way ANOVA. Result showed hypothesis H6 not significant and was rejected. The final part of this research is divided into two parts. The first part needed respondent's suggestions on how to help the recovering process among PUO. An open ended questions was asked to get accurate and detailed answer. The result showed majority of the PUO (10 cases) or 25.6% suggested the importance of the family support/social integration/love. For the second part, the results showed majority of the PUO gave priority to (8 cases) or 20.5% suggested job opportunity/assurance of income/vocational and skills than other aspects.

Recently major telecommunication service providers have adopted Metro Ethernet service to provide enterprise customers with a higher triple play bandwidth experienced. Metro Ethernet utilize Ethernet protocol to convey data in the core network, which is superior to the legacy ATM and TDM networks. Equipments vendors are obliged to Metro Ethernet services. However the current Metro Ethernet network components used proprietary solution that have problems in term of design complexity, lack of flexibility and scalability. In addition, it required substantial amount of time to be construct. In this thesis, we have proposed and open architecture solution based on Advanced Telecommunication Computer Architecture(ATCA) that has more advantages, in terms of simpler design, reliable and more economical to develop. From, the performance analysis conducted on the prototype, it is shown that is performance is on par than the proprietary counterpart.

The last years witnessed a remarkable attention in training. To realize good training, tremendous amounts of money have been spent and many programs have been executed. What remained is making sure that the training programs are efficacious, whereas the effect on the individual and the institution is the central question in the minds of decision-makers. The research aims at answering many questions about the extent of the training programs efficacy in the Sultanate of Oman from the training officers’ perspectives regarding defining the aims of the training programs, selecting the offers of the training programs, execution and following-up. Also, to what extent age, sex, labour sector, academic qualification, place of training, employing position and experience effect the judgment of how efficacious are the training programs. The research was concluded with many findings, the most important of which is the realization of the main purpose that the training programs are efficacious with positive impact. In addition, training increases job satisfaction, and trainees’ efficiency, the training allocations are sufficient to implement the training plans, and the return of training commensurate with the cost, and the failure to measure the revenues of training was noticed. The study recommends that it is necessary to seek help of the experts and advisors to evaluate the training process, form a committee specialized in the training quality and forge the foundations and standards to ensure the quality of the training process, and adopt the modern instructions by using DACUM and the modern theories like SIX-SEUGMA.

In this thesis we present a numerical solution of the I-dimensional Schrodinger equation using the method of lines approach (MOL) where we discretize the spatial dimension using some finite difference approximation leaving the time dimension to be the only independent variable in the resulting system of initial value problems. We study the effect of changing in the discretization size on the accuracy of the solution procedure versus changing the step size in the integration of the resulting differential equation. In the study we incorporate the use of Simpson's rule function in MATLAB. The results indicated that there are some advantages in deciding between the discretization sizes or step size in the numerical solution of differential equation as far as the computing time is concerned.

Kajian ini bermaksud untuk menjelaskan kedudukan Persekutuan Dakwah lslamiyah Singapura (Jamiyah Singapura) terhadap perkembangan masyarakat Melayullslam di Singapura yang merupakan organisasi Islam tertua dan pertama di Singapura. Kajian ini juga menjelaskan peranan aktif organisasi ini dengan memberikan sumbangan terhadap keperluan perkembangan kaum masyarakat Melayu/Islam dan kaum lainnya. baik yang beragama Islam mahupun bukan Islam, kerana Jamiyah bergiat untuk ummah. Disamping metodologi dakwah tradisional, Jamiyah juga mengambil dan mengamalkan kaedah-kaedah moden dalaln berdakwah, seperti: asuhan dan penjagaan orang tua dan lanjut usia, anak-anak yatim, bekas penagih dadah melalui rumah- rumah kebajikannya. Jamiyah bahkan mengadakan beberapa pameran Islam dan dialog bersama para pengikut berbilang agama, malah Jamiyah telah membina jembatan kerjasama dengan mereka dalam kegiatan-kegiatan kebajikan dan pendidikan. Dalam ha1 ini, untuk mendapatkan maklumat berkaitan dengan pertubuhan ini dan kegiatan-kegiatannya, beberapa teknik kajian telah digunapakai iaitu mengkaji beberapa dokumen dan kegiatan-kegiatannya yang boleh didapati di Jamiyah serta kajian lapangan dan observasi langsung di beberapa cawangannya yang ada di dalam negeri disamping itu juga diadakan soal-jawab dan temu bual dengan beberapa orang terkemuka di Singapura, Alhamdulillah, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Jamiyah Singapura telah memainkan peranan penting bahkan telah memberikan sumbangan yang sangat berguna dan tak terkira banyaknya kepada negeri ini demi pembangunan masyarakat Melayu/Islam dan golongan-golongan lain yang memerlukan. Jamiyah berpendapat bahawah sesebuah pertubuhan dakwah wajib mempunyai perancang dan penggerak ekonomj untuk meyakinkan bahawa kegiatan- kegiatan dakwah dapat berjalan dengan mulus; seperti kebajikan dan pendidikan supaya ia tidak bergantung kepada pemberian dan sumbangan para dermawan dan penderma saja supaya umat Islam dapat berdiri di atas kaki mereka sendiri.

Most of administers at the educational institutes complain the huge amount of work to be done within a limited time. As a result, administrators couldn’t do their work efficiently on the given time. Therefore, this survey aims to investigate time management of principals and administrators at educational institutes in Dakhilyah Region, Sultanate of Oman. The study has also attempted to specify the obstacles of time management from principals and administrators point of view. Moreover, it attempts to investigate the effects of occupation and experience, qualification, gender and the size of institute and training programmers, on the efficiency of time management of employers, in order to come to up with suggestions and recommendations to activate time management and put it in real action. To achieve the study aims, it developed an 80-item questionnaire. The questionnaire is divided into eight sections; planning, organizing, employees affair, supervision, inspection communication, decision and personel factors,. The study participants consists of (260) school headmasters and assistant headmasters and administrators at the educational institutes at Dakhilyah Region, sultanate of Oman. Some of the most outstanding results the study has come to area the availability of obstacles contributing in hindering time management of administrators in the educational institutes. The study has also stated differences with statistical significance at the significance level (a=0.05) for those administrators with experience range between (5-9) years. Moreover, the study state differences with statistical significance (a=0.05) that gender variable have showed female were performing better in the employees affair, supervision, decisions and personel factors.

This study tackles the current situation of Islamic media and the extent to which this media is influenced by the Western media model. The study starts with a comparison between Islamic media models and those of the Western media. It reaches the conclusion that the Islamic media has been influenced by the Western media in many respects. After exploring and analyzing the situation of the Islamic media and reaching this conclusion, the study seeks to showcase the Islamic media model through citing some evidence from the Koran, the Prophet's Tradition, and the opinions of Islamic Law scholar and Muslim media figures. These scholar have sought to clarify and explain such evidence to be able to reach such conclusion, which has led to the regulation and standardization of the science of media and communication in Islam. This is considered an aspiration that many of the media outlets in Islamic countries are yet to realize. This is the ambition that we are still short of. The study then tackles another aspect, particularly the study of the characteristics of the media figure in Islam. This aspect has played an important role in the media process in which the media figures were the cornerstones. This study clearly shows the reality of the current media in the Islamic World as seen by the Muslim media scholars. It also provides a clear model of the Islamic media in al1 its components, namely the message, the sender, the receiver and the medium.

The purpose of this thesis is to explain the views of Islamic Shariah and civil law toward the problem of suicide and attempted suicide by studying the case in the Libyan Arab Republic, and reviewing factors such as, spiritual, social, and economic which influence a person to do so .In addition, this thesis also discusses ways to avoid such that deed, and at the same stimulates and encourage Muslim community to be aware of consequences and risks from the presence of Islamic sharia and civil law. Methods used in this thesis is descriptive and analytical methods, which studies the theoretical and laws on the topic, review the data 1 annual reports on crime (suicide and attempted suicide) of the General Committee for Public Safety -Administration of Public Safety Crime -The Bureau of Crime Statistics and Registration 200612007. This study found that, first: The Islamic Shariah is not practiced perfectly, thus preventing damage and protecting the public interest. Second: The absence of a role in preparing generations of the family according to the principles of Islamic education. Third: Absence of care about youth problems in terms of social, economic, and spiritual behavior, which is the main factor contributing suicide crimes other than the weak education system and education that are not complementary.

This study is a public opinion of viewers on the morning show called "Seputar Indonesia Pagi" in RCTI TV station. This public opinion study used 300 respondents in South Jakarta. A random sample was used in selecting the respondents. The results showed "Seputar Indonesia Pagi" was still a favored by viewers. The study also showed a significant weaknesses where by "Seputar Indonesia Pagi" allocate a lot of time on advertisement. However, the viewers were still interested in watching Seputar Indonesia Pagi" because of latest information. The third result, indicated as viewers still select "Seputar Indonesia Pagi" because of their complete website as compared to website on other TV station. On the whole, viewers in Indonesia are still preferred "Seputar Indonesia Pagi".

The purpose of study is to identify the existence and determine the level of linguistic dilemma in Lexical Semantic of phrase and vocabulary aspects in learning Arabic language whether in the usage of Arabic words that meet the real meaning of semantic among Diploma students in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA). The study methodology using decriptive analysis and airfield observation whereby Questionnaires were distributed randomly to students of UniSZA Diploma which learned Arabic language as core subject from the first year to third year. The retrieve data have been analyzed by "SPSS" computer programming and as a results, linguistic dilemma in Lexical Semantic between stuedents were very critical which level of Arabic language command were poor. Even though they had learned Arabic language over ten years, they still at the same level (poor) in understanding of phrase and vocabulary either in original terminology of Arabian or modern terms in Arabic language. Meantime, in order to comprehend learning, they prefer to reliance concept fully towards lecturer or feel sufficient by understanding in general or context. Therefore, teaching approach based on Lexical Semantic Method probably assist students in mastering the Arabic language very well and speaks fluent in Arabic.

Secured Antonomous Agent-Based Intrusion Detection System (SAAIDS) is developed to design new agent-based intrusion detection system (IDS) based on newly designed SAAIDS architecture and design agent communication and verification protocols and algorithms. The architecture tends to provide secure agent communication and protection of the agent itself. In overcoming problems in existing agent-based IDS, the architecture of SAAIDS is designed to enroll all components in an agent. P2P connection solved single point of failure, multilevel authorization problem and delay on information sending by its design which provides direct connection between agents. In avoiding attacks on message sending process, the architecture was designed with agent communication protocol and algorithm tends to provide secured communication between agents. Agent Verification Protocol and algorithm designed to avoid from unauthorized agent running and doing damages in the system. The unauthorized agent produced when agents being duplicated or altered.The newly designed architecture of SAAIDS, Agent Communication and Verification Protocol and Algorithm was developed and implemented. At the end of the research phase, system testing has proved that the proposed solutions able to avoid all the problems stated above.