2024 iJURECON

In this era of globalisation, many individuals who suffer from allergies or sensitivities to industrial medications and synthetic chemicals often look for organic and environmentally friendly alternatives. This trend reflects a growing preference for sustainable and eco-conscious choices in personal and healthcare products. To tackle this issue, we have identified bioactive compounds in Lagenaria siceraria and citrus hystrix leaves to showcase their effectiveness and compatibility for gum disease. These plants not only provide a safer and more natural option for consumers but also offer an alternative source of chemical components required by pharmacies and medical professionals for related products. To analyze the diversity of bioactive compounds in citrus hystrix leaves and Lagenaria siceraria, this study utilizes Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). The samples were dried at 60°C for 24 hours and then mashed into a powder. The powder was weighed and mixed with a 4:1 hexane and ethyl acetate solvent in a ratio of 10 mL of solvent per gram of sample. The mixture was covered and left for 24 hours, then filtered to separate the solid residue from the liquid. The liquid was placed in a rotary evaporator set at 76°C and 264 ATM to remove the solvent, leaving behind the extracted oil. This extraction method will be employed to prepare samples for subsequent analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), ensuring accurate and detailed examination of the compounds present.

Kes gangguan seksual semakin meningkat saban tahun dan memberikan trauma kepada mangsa. Namun, kajian berkenaan gangguan seksual daripada perspektif pelajar terutama pelajar pintar berbakat kurang diketengahkan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami persepsi pelajar Kolej PERMATA Insan (KPI) terhadap gangguan seksual dalam kalangan remaja. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual separa berstruktur melibatkan persampelan bertujuan iaitu pelajar yang telah mengikuti sekurang-kurangnya tiga tahun pengajian dan data temu bual dianalisis secara manual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan informan mempunyai kesedaran berkenaan konsep gangguan seksual dan pendedahan tentang perkara juga diketengahkan oleh pihak sekolah. Majoriti informan bersifat terbuka untuk membincangkan gangguan seksual yang dihadapi dan ada juga bersedia secara bersyarat. Semua informan bersetuju bahawa gangguan seksual memberikan kesan terhadap emosi dan prestasi akademik. beberapa langkah turut dicadangkan untuk meningkatkan kesedaran dan pencegahan antaranya program pendidikan yang lebih interaktif dan mesra pelajar. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas tentang persepsi pelajar mengenai gangguan seksual dan menyumbang kepada pembangunan dasar yang lebih berkesan dalam menangani isu tersebut dalam kalangan remaja.

The object of Tamarindus indica and Brucea javanica are investigated in this study as possible natural alternatives to allopathic medicines, focusing particularly on allergies and hyper-sensitivities towards synthetic chemicals in dental practices. Patient safety is a major concern given the adverse effects of drug allergies on care and results. The research sought to find out the therapeutic properties of these plants although there is need for more investigations into their efficacy. Extraction was done using acetone so as to obtain the extracts which exhibited several bioactive compounds. In rural areas, Tamarindus indica is often used for treating different diseases. Thereafter, the dry samples were ground into a fine powder, weighed accurately before placing them in a conical flask that contained hexane acetone solvent system at 4:1 ratio. The flask was then covered with an aluminum foil after being sealed overnight for 24 hours in order to allow complete extraction. The mixture was filtered separating the solid residue from solvent solution. This led to concentration of extracted compounds resulting into oil extract using rotary evaporator at 76°C and 264 atm. Solvent-to-sample weight ratio was 1:10; hence, ten milliliters per gram of sample were used during this process. This extraction method will be utilized for subsequent analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

At present, a lot of dental care products are mixtures of drugs and foreign substances. Some people are allergic or sensitive to industrial medications and synthetic chemicals. Many of those affected by this seek more organic and eco-friendly substitutes that do not cause allergic reactions, preferring natural alternatives. In this case, we want to make an alternative by comparing the compounds that are contained in industrial medications with eco-friendly substitutes by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). An acetone is used when preparing the extraction. We have found that Brucea javanica, Solanum lasiocarpum, and Alum Stone mixture contains compounds that can be used as an alternative. Brucea javanica is believed to offer anti-cancer, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Solanum lasiocarpum is widely used in traditional medicine as a diuretic and for treating various diseases such as fever, inflammation, and cough. Alum stone has antiseptic properties that help to fight against tooth decay. The dry samples were ground into a fine powder, accurately weighed, and placed in a conical flask containing a hexane mixed with acetone solvent system at a 4:1 ratio. The flask was then sealed with aluminum foil and allowed to sit overnight to ensure complete extraction. The mixture was subsequently filtered, separating the solid residue from the solvent. The extracted compounds were concentrated into an oil extract using a rotary evaporator set at 76°C and 264 atmosphere (ATM). A solvent to sample ratio was employed utilizing 10mLg-1 of sample. This extraction method will be applied in subsequent GCMS analysis.

Hair waste, an organic material commonly found in municipal solid waste, decomposes slowly due to its high keratin content. On average, individuals shed between fifty and hundreds of hairs daily, while barbershops generate significant amounts of this waste. Given that hair is rich in nitrogen—a nutrient essential for plant growth—this study aims to determine the nitrogen levels in soil mixed with decomposed hair. Hair was collected, treated, and left to decompose for four months. The nitrogen content in the soil-hair mixture was analyzed using the Kjeldahl method and measured with a spectrophotometer. Results indicate that the presence of decomposed hair significantly increases nitrogen levels in the soil, suggesting that decomposed hair has the potential to enhance soil fertility and serve as an organic fertilizer

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that has become a significant global health concern. The rising prevalence of ASD across many countries has impacted individual and family due to extensive medical care, behavioural therapies and educational support. Studies reported that early intervention may reduce the financial and social burden on families and healthcare. As ASD presents in diverse characteristics, the necessity for tailored specific interventions is required. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a scoping review of articles which have evaluated intervention for ASD. Articles with keywords, titles or abstracts and free access for full article containing the terms ‘Autism’ OR ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder’ OR ‘ASD’ AND ‘Intervention’ OR ‘Best Practices’ OR ‘strategies’ were identified from PubMed and ScienceDirect. Type of intervention and specific characteristic of ASD between 2020 to 2024 were extracted from selected articles. Of 1017 studies identified, 70 articles were selected. This review demonstrated the need for further studies to address several issues including specific target participants and effectiveness of each intervention towards mixed characteristics

Pelajar Muslim pintar dan berbakat sering dikaitkan mempunyai daya intelek yang tinggi namun tidak dapat lari daripada isu yang melibatkan kesihatan mental seperti kecenderungan remaja masa kini melibatkan diri dengan isu mencederakan diri sendiri (self-harm). Mencederakan diri sendiri merujuk kepada tindakan individu yang menyebabkan kecederaan fizikal tanpa niat untuk membunuh diri. Dalam kalangan pelajar Muslim pintar dan berbakat, isu ini memerlukan pengetahuan serta kesedaran khusus akibat daripada tekanan akademik, harapan yang tinggi, dan cabaran sosial yang unik mungkin menjadi faktor risiko tingkah laku bagi pelajar Muslim pintar berbakat. Kajian terdahulu menunjukkan kekurangan penyelidikan yang khusus mengenai kesedaran pelajar pintar dan berbakat terhadap mencederakan diri sendiri, meskipun terdapat peningkatan perhatian terhadap kesihatan mental remaja. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan meneroka kesedaran mencederakan diri dalam kalangan pelajar Muslim pintar dan berbakat di Malaysia melalui penyelidikan kualitatif menggunakan temu bual kumpulan berfokus bagi mendapatkan maklumat terhadap tujuh orang responden kajian daripada pelajar tingkatan dua. Data akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik untuk mengenal pasti tema utama berkaitan definisi mencederakan diri sendiri, punca utama tingkah laku ini, serta langkah-langkah pencegahan. Pelajar mendefinisikan mencederakan diri sendiri berdasarkan persepsi mereka terhadap tingkah laku ini, dengan punca utama termasuk tekanan akademik, masalah emosi, dan kekurangan sokongan sosial. Langkah-langkah pencegahan yang dicadangkan termasuk pengukuhan sistem sokongan, intervensi awal, dan pendidikan mengenai kesihatan mental. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menekankan keperluan menitikberat dalam meningkatkan kesedaran mengenai mencederakan diri sendiri dalam kalangan pelajar pintar dan berbakat, serta mencadangkan langkah pencegahan melalui kerjasama antara keluarga, sekolah, dan kerajaan.

Sex education is a process of teaching and learning about the cognitive, emotional, physical and social aspects of sexuality. There are various debates about the validity of these studies based on different parties’ perspectives. This study aims to explore students’ perspectives on sexuality education. This qualitative study used a semi-structured interview method with purposive sampling, i.e., students who had followed at least three years of study, and the interview data was analysed manually. The study found that all participants believe sex education should be part of the curriculum. However, they disagree on how the learning of sex education should be implemented. The implications of this study are significant as it provides suggestions for the best way to implement sex education and all the things that need to be emphasized to ensure that this learning does not lead to undesirable things based on the students’ perspective