2021 SAIS

Masyarakat merupakan anggota penting bagi sesebuah negara yang mampu menyumbang kepada pembangunan dan tunjang kepada pembentukan perpaduan nasional. Masyarakat juga bertindak sebagai agensi sosial yang memainkan peranan penting melalui penglibatan aktiviti sosial. Namun, kita melihat pembangunan teknologi yang pesat memberi cabaran kepada penglibatan masyarakat secara aktif, di mana masyarakat turut memerlukan kemahiran penggunaan teknologi media baharu untuk mengambil bahagian dalam mana-mana aktiviti sosial secara dalam talian. Sungguhpun perspektif barat memberikan penekanan terhadap pembangunan ‘Masyarakat Bermaklumat’ dan sudut pandang ‘tekno-sosial’ yang mencerminkan peranan agensi sosial dalam penghasilan maklumat dan tuntutan kemahiran, perspektif tersebut terpisah dari lensa agama. Artikel ini membincangkan aktivisme sosial dan pemerkasaan penglibatan masyarakat dalam era media baharu menerusi teori dan sorotan kajian menurut perspektif barat dan Islam. Dapatan dari perbincangan mendapati Islam turut menekankan ilmu, pengetahuan dan kemahiran. Komiditi bukanlah matlamat utama kerana pemerkasaan penglibatan masyarakat perlu menitikberatkan pembangunan insan berlandaskan prinsip dan nilai-nilai Islam. Artikel ini turut menghuraikan fenomena aktivisme sosial yang banyak dikendalikan menerusi media sosial serta kesan dari penggunaan media baharu terhadap aktivisme sosial. Kata kunci: Aktivisme sosial, Media Baharu, Pemerkasaan Masyarakat.

Penjagaan paliatif ialah penjagaan secara holistik melibatkan aspek fizikal, spiritual, mental dan sosial kepada pesakit terminal atau pesakit tiada harapan sembuh seperti pesakit kanser, pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan buah pinggang dan lain-lain. Kajian ini membawa pendekatan Islam dalam konsep penjagaan pesakit tersebut. Artikel ini membincangkan analisis keperluan kajian reka bentuk dan pembangunan manual psikospiritual Islam dalam penjagaan paliatif dan elemen yang menjadi keperluan dalam penjagaan tersebut. Metodologi kajian menggunakan kaedah Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (DDR) yang mempunyai tiga fasa utama dibangunkan oleh Richey dan Klein. Artikel ini memberi fokus kepada fasa pertama kajian iaitu analisis keperluan. Pendekatan kajian berbentuk kuantitatif yang menggunakan instrumen soal selidik kepada 210 orang responden. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 25 bagi memperolehi kadar kekerapan (ƒ) dan purata min (x̅) dalam dapatan kajian. Dapatan kajian mendapati majoriti yang terdiri daripada pengamal perubatan, penjaga, pesakit dan populasi awam bersetuju dengan pembinaan manual berasaskan psikospiritual Islam. Selain itu dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan heirarki elemen penekanan dalam manual bermula dengan elemen sokongan emosi dalam manual dengan kadar purata min (x̅) tertinggi, diikuti dengan penekanan kepercayaan kepada Tuhan, sokongan spiritual dan keagamaan, pengurusan diri dan fizikal, pengurusan trauma atau pengalaman lalu dan yang terakhir ialah sokongan dalam aktiviti bersosial. Kata kunci: keperluan, manual, psikospiritual, penjagaan, paliatif.

Kepemimpinan merupakan suatu kebolehan seseorang dalam mengurus tugasan atau permasalahan. Kemahiran kepemimpinan boleh diperolehi melalui pembelajaran dalam kelas, namun kadang-kadang ia diperolehi melalui pengalaman kerja. Dalam suatu kursus kepimpinan penulis telah menyampaikan ilmu dan kemahiran kepemimpinan melalui perkongsian pengalaman sekumpulan pegawai Bomba dan Penyelamat. Setiap peserta diminta mencatatkan semula pengalaman semasa menjalankan tugas menyelamat yang tidak dapat dilupakan. Antara pengalaman yang dikongsikan dalam artikel ini ialah pengalaman menurunkan jenazah seorang penduduk kampung yang tersangkut di atas sepohon kelapa di waktu malam. Klien telah memanjat pokok kelapa tersebut dan mendapati jenazah tersebut tersangkut dicelah pelepah kelapa. Ketika cuba mengangkat jenazah tersebut barulah klien menyedari bahawa jenazah tersebut sangat berat. Klien memohon bantuan rakan-rakan agar sebuah kren disediakan untuk mengangkat jenazah tersebut. Malangnya ketinggian kren tersebut tidak mampu membantu kerana pucuk kelapa tersebut lebih tinggi. Akhirnya seorang rakan anggota bomba terpaksa memanjat pokok kelapa yang sama dengan membawa tali tambahan untuk mengikat jenazah berkenaan. Tanpa menghiraukan keselamatan diri, klien bersama rakan akhirnya berjaya membawa jenazah tersebut. Sebaik sahaja jenazah berjaya dibawa turun dari pokok kelapa, sekali lagi cabaran besar menanti. Tiada seorang penduduk kampung yang sanggup menguruskan jenazah. Mereka memberikan pelbagai alasan. Klien telah melalui proses penerokaan pengalaman dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi kaunseling. Respon dan maklumbalas dari rakan kelompok juga dianalisis untuk membantu klien mencari punca kejadian serta mengesan nilai dan etika dari pengalaman tersebut. Akhirnya klien dibantu mengesan pengalaman negatif dan positif dari perkongsian tersebut. Pengalaman negatif telah dipulihkan melalui rawatan yang sesuai. Banyak lagi pengalaman yang dikongsikan oleh rakan-rakan anggota Bomba dan Penyelamat yang lain dibentangkan dalam kajian kali ini. Kata kunci: Kepimpinan, Penrusuan Krisis, Pemgalaman,

This article focuses on the responsibilities of a child towards parents as stated in the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) arranged in the book al-Adab al-Mufrad by Imam al Bukhari. The responsibility towards parents in the present day take a change due to the modernization and globalization. The act of taking care of parents were assigned to other parties such as to the caretaker. For this reason, these hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH) helps to emphasize the child to fulfil their responsibilities towards parents in their life and even after their death. All the hadith in this book which is related to the responsibility of a child towards parents will be analysed precisely that can be used as a guide to all. Since this is a content analysis study, it will illustrate the content of the hadith precisely by making a comprehensive reading and comparison of hadith from other Muslim scholars on this topic. This method is reliable and the result of the findings are applicable to be practiced. Simultaneously, the findings found that it is an honour for the child to host his parents with kindness and respect. As a result of being good, respect, supplication, be grateful and obey their parents as in doing all this sincerely, the child will be rewarded with blessings and grace in this world and hereafter. Keywords: Imam Al- Bukhari; Al-Adab Al-Mufrad; Adab; Responsibilities; Parents

Isu rumah tangga dilihat semakin meningkat terutama ketika rakyat masih bergelut dengan cabaran ketidaktentuan COVID-19. Terapi berfokuskan emosi ialah salah satu intervensi kaunseling perkahwinan yang sering digunakan di seluruh dunia. Namun, intervensi ini masih lagi baharu di Malaysia dan kajian perlu dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti keberkesanan intervensi ini. Artikel ini membincangkan langkah pelaksanaan terapi berfokuskan emosi dan aspek yang perlu dilihat oleh pengamal kaunseling perkahwinan di Malaysia sebelum intervensi ini dapat diaplikasikan secara efektif dalam konteks norma sosiobudaya di Malaysia. Kata kunci: Terapi berfokuskan emosi, kaunseling perkahwinan.

In Malaysia, Orang Asli (aboriginal people) in the outback or inland is considered as marginalized community due to their lack of accessibility and availability to proper health care. Variety of health problems arise through their living environment, including poor oral health quality. It is known fact that oral health does affect one’s quality of life. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental caries and dental treatment needs of Orang Asli (OA) in Pos Simpor, Gua Musang Kelantan. This cross sectional study was conducted among 82 participants (adult n=40, children n=42). Dental charting was done and data collected were analyzed. It was noted that the caries prevalence among children was dt= 33%, mt= 5%, ft =1% and for the adults was DT=58%, MT=30%, FT=1%. The highest dental treatment need found in this study was restoration, followed by extraction and denture. From this information, it was hoped to help the future mobile dental clinic for Orang Asli to focus on the treatment need demand. Keywords: Orang Asli, caries, dental treatment

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have been one of the most crucial technological advances in this era. One of the sectors that have been taken over gradually by UAV is agriculture. UAV has assisted the farmer in managing farmland autonomously especially in monitoring livestock. This study proposes the cattle detection and counting system based on deep learning via UAV. This detection and counting system is done autonomously for monitoring livestock, specifically cattle. We take advantage also of the assistant of UAVs to replace the “human eye” or real-time image in monitoring the livestock. The deep learning method used in this research is the YOLOv3 and Deep SORT that have been integrated into drone real time images to capture the real-time cattle monitoring system. Keywords: UAV, YOLOv3, Deep SORT, Real-time

Malaysia has set a goal of becoming a developed economy with high income through sustainable and equitable economic growth by 2030 under Shared Prosperity Vision 2030. To accomplish this vision, vast implementation of takaful al-ijtimai’ (social security) is needed as each individual in the society is entitled to basic needs for them to improve standard of living. The implementation of takaful al ijtimai' in Islamic perspective is much wider which considers the roles and responsibilities of all (i.e., government, institutions, agencies, NGOs and individuals) towards achieving sustainable development. However, one factor that hinders further practices of takaful al-ijtimai’ is the lack of awareness and knowledge of its concept and purposes. Therefore, this paper designed to investigate the awareness and understanding of takaful al-ijtimai’ among Malaysian within the takaful market by collecting primary data through questionnaires. This paper reports results of 267 respondents in Klang Valley and Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. The findings indicate that 71.9 percent of respondents were unaware of takaful al-ijtimai’ due to the Arabic term. Surprisingly, despite their lack of knowledge and understanding of takaful al-ijtimai’, majority of respondents agree that takaful operators can be trusted in dealing with people. The paper will be useful to researchers, professionals and others concerned with sustainable and inclusive economic growth to understand the importance of takaful al-ijtimai’. Such studies on takaful al-ijtimai’ has not been done before. Other than revealing ambiguities, gaps and contradictions in the literature, this paper provides information and guidance for other researchers wishing to embark on research on takaful al-ijtimai’. Keywords: Takaful al-ijtimai’, social security, awareness, knowledge.

With the current COVID19 pandemic, online education is not only becoming necessary but also increasingly popular. This means there is a need to also have some kind of a guideline for online education. According to Moore (1989), in relation to distance or online education, as a minimum, educators need to agree on the distinctions between three types of interaction: learner-content interaction, learner-instructor interaction and learner-learner interaction This article poses an analysis of the said components of interaction related to online teaching and learning. The paper also examines ethics and its importance in relation to Islam. It further states the Islamic perspectives of online teaching ethics, which will function as a theoretical model of Islamic online teaching. The model is explained by describing and illustrating relevant Islamic teachings and principles derived from the Quran and Hadith. Some discussion has been made regarding why Muslim educators should implement the code of ethics specifically in online education. Keywords: Learner – content interaction, learner – instructor interaction, learner –learner interaction, teaching and learning, online Islamic ethics.

Untuk merealisaikan visi Kolej GENIUS Insan (KGI), USIM iaitu menjadi pusat pembudayaan pendidikan Ilmu Naqli Aqli supaya dapat melahirkan sarjana Muslim unggul berkaliber, KGI telah meletakkan sebaik-baik asas sokongan pembentukan disiplin iaitu dengan Pendidikan al-Quran. Artikel ini menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan kaedah hafazan tematik dengan Pendidikan Pintar Berbakat Integrasi Naqli Aqli yang baru diperkenalkan pada tahun 2021. Ia dinilai daripada sudut kelebihan kaedah Tematik berbanding kaedah konvensional dan dalam masa yang sama komponen Pendidikan Murid Pintar Berbakat tidak diabaikan. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah kajian tindakan (action research) melalui beberapa pelan tindakan yang merangkumi perancangan, pelaksanaan dan merefleksi. Hasil kajian awal mendapati kaedah hafazan tematik yang sedang diterapkan boleh meningkatkan prestasi murid di KGI agar menguasai hafazan, penulisan, pemahaman serta penghayatan cara hidup seorang Muslim berbanding kaedah konvensional atau sedia ada. Sehubungan dengan itu, kesepaduan ilmu yang diadun antara elemen Naqli dan Aqli dalam kaedah hafazan tematik adalah selari dengan pembentukan personaliti yang sempurna dan saling berintegrasi daripada aspek jasmani, emosi, rohani dan intelektual selari dengan Falsafah Pendidikan Kebangsaan. Kata kunci: Hafazan Tematik, Integrasi Naqli Aqli, Murid Pintar Berbakat, Kolej GENIUS Insan

Maintenance and preservation of peace and prosperity are one of the contemporary challenges confronted by the world community. Among the most apparent threat to the maintenance of peace and prosperity is the rising of hatred discourse and hate speech. It commonly takes place when involving matters of categorising people according to religion, ethnic, gender and colour of skin. Legal rules are regarded as one of methods addressing the issue. This paper discusses a Malaysian legislation namely Sedition Act 1948 (Act 15) as of how it tackles the hatred discourse. It highlights and elaborates some laws prescribed in the Act particularly on the meaning of seditious tendency, punishments and arrest without warrant. The paper explains the legal effect of the law to the Malaysian community in combating the hate speech with reference made to some relevant cases. It expounds some controversial issues regarding the Act. The methodology used is by analysing certain laws prescribed in the Sedition Act 1948. The paper concludes with suggestion that even though the Sedition Act 1948 seems harsh and strict, but it can be an effective and effectual way in realising the sharing prosperity among the nations. Keywords: Malaysian Sedition Act 1948, seditious tendency, hatred discourse, peace and prosperity

This paper is proposing a conceptual framework to explore the effect of waqf management performance and religiosity with the mediating effect of trust on the intention on cash waqf contribution, the Theory of Reasoned Action is adopted as a theoretical background for this proposal, as the perception of the contributors will be representing the Attitude, the religiosity will be representing the subjective norm, and the intention to contribute to waqf is representing the intention to behave. Many waqf studies highlighted the importance of cash waqf, but only a few of them highlighted what triggers the contributors to act. Keywords: Waqf, Cash Waqf, Religiosity, Trust, Waqf Contribution

The attraction in the study of religion continues to develop in this era of globalization. Muslim scholars have pioneered the effort and signinifantly contributed works and achiements in the study of religion. Thus, this study aims to highilight the achievements of Rahmatullah Al-Kairanawi, a 19th century Muslim scholar who specialised in the study of religion. Exposure to contemporary and future researchers on the great treatises of Muslim heritage in study of religion is significance of this study. This study uses qualitative methods through content analysis of the previous research, books, papers and previous thesis related to Rahmatullah Al-Kairanawi. The study found that Rahmatullah Al-Kairanawi made the important contributions in strengthening and defending the Islamic faith from external threats such as extreme non-Muslims, in the 19th century. Keywords: history of religion, comparative religion, izhar al-haq, rahmatullah al-kairanawi.

The potential of millimetre wave (mmWave) to provide dependability in 5G cellular networks has prompted the number of wireless communication network users to rise, indicating the progress of telecommunication standards. Despite the fact that the mmWave bands can support massive data rates, the effort required to deliver these data rates for end-to-end services while maintaining ultra-low-latency performance and reliability to support developing applications and use cases will necessitate a re-evaluation of all layers of the protocol stack. As a result, this paper examines millimetre wave characteristics and how they impact end-to-end transmission. In addition, this study examines the difficulties and potential solutions for offering dependable, end-to-end, and ultra-low-latency services in mmWave cellular networks. Aside from comparing mmWave and microwave, this article will also examine scheduling in order to mitigate the negative effects of intermittent connection in mmWave and fully use the capacity. This project's challenge and solution will be modelled using Deep Reinforcement Learning in order to do mathematical modelling and provide delay-propagation characteristics. Finally, the simulation results of physical modelling are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique. Keywords: Delay, millimetre wave, Scheduling

Wood-carving arts in Malaysia started out in the 14th century with Animism and then the Hindu- Buddha influence. The motifs and patterns were mostly flora and fauna based. But with the rise of Islam in the 15th century, the art was basically resurrected with appearance that is accordance to the Islam Law. Though, there might be a slight issue in knowing the difference of motifs between the eras and why certain motifs are no longer used now. Carving is one of the branches of art that the Malays have as a traditional legacy. High level of skill and techniques are needed in the art of wood-carving as it is both a decoration, an art form as well as a display of symbolic carved elements. That is why ratherthan totally abandoning the art form, to comply with the Islamic rules, it is evolved into something beautiful and at the same time showing obedience to the creator, Allah SWT. For that, it is important to understand the evolution of Malay wood-carving motifs before the rise of Islam and after it is implemented. After conducting a research on multiple past papers, the reasons and proof on why there are woodcarving motifs that are forbidden and some are allowed, were found. This article will discuss some aspects in traditional wood-carving concepts, history and after the emergence of Islam. Keywords: Wood-Carving, Animism, Islamic Influence, Tanah Melayu.

This study attempts to explore the effect of the economic conditions, including population growth rate, inflation rate and unemployment rate, on the electricity consumption in Malaysia over the period from 1982 to 2018. Multiple Linear Regression is used to examine the significant determinants of electricity consumption. In addition, Pearson's correlation and autocorrelation function are used to investigate the correlation between all the variables and to identify the presence of random processes in the series, respectively. The result of the multiple regression model validates the significance of the variables population, inflation, and unemployment. It shows that all the variables have a significant negative relationship with electricity consumption. Whereas the Pearson correlation confirms that there is a correlation between variables population and unemployment with electricity consumption. In contrast, the result of autocorrelation function indicates the existence of random process in this study. Keywords: Electricity Consumption, Economic Condition, Correlation, Population, Malaysia

The returns of ASE companies and share trading have significantly weakened. Numerous companies have been liquidated due to bankruptcy. Investors appear to be less able to find desired investments under these critical conditions. In addition, the investors in Amman Stock Exchange face challenges in determining the accounting and market indicators that affect the stock return. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of twelve accounting and market indicators on the stock return. A yearly data of indicators and company stock price are collected from the ASE website. Panel generalised least squares regression analysis (GLS) has been conducted to accomplish the research objective. Out of twelve accounting and market indicators, the study revealed the TOA had the highest significantly positive effect on stock return. ROA, EPS, STR, and PBV also had a significant positive influence on stock return. In addition, DR had a significantly negative impact on stock return, while the effect of BPS was marginally negative. Besides, MC, ROE, NPM, CR, and PER did not affect the stock return. This study could help investors and portfolio managers to identify the indicators that affect stock returns of ASE Index companies. Further studies in other emerging markets will support the results that came out in this study. Keywords: Accounting Indicators, Market Indicators, Stock Return, ASE Index, Islamic Finance.

Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) especially in TVET circles appears to be critical to transform the typical teacher-centred classroom by encouraging a curriculum that is driven by problem-solving, discovery, exploratory learning, and requires students to actively engage a situation to find its solution. Hence, this research aims to investigate the effect of integrating STEM education through STEM module (Inspirational Module, Reactivity of Metals, Adruino, Gas Around Us, Ninja. The sample who was from School A involved in the experimental group consisted of 20 form 3 subjects (mentees) and 20 subjects (mentors) for Control group. The research instruments used are questionnaire and has high reliability of .67, .78 and .68. The mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to analyse the pretest and post-test data. Interview and observation were also used to analyse the treatment effectiveness. The results of the study were the comparison of soft skills before and after undertaking the STEM module treatment was different at significant 0.05. (1) Overall soft skills were higher (post-test data) than before the STEM treatment module. 2) The mean of interest in Science subject, Mathematics subject and perception towards STEM of experimental group increased, The comparison of interest in Science subject, interest in Mathematics subject and perception towards STEM before and after undertaking STEM module was different at significant 0.05. Keywords: STEM Education, STEM Module, perception, Skilled worker

Providing crisis intervention and psychological support in crisis work requires counselor’s resiliency in coping with the massive adversity situations, multiple responsibilities, unexpected public demands, and their own psychological distress. Thus, self-care practices become a crucial need for counselors that provide themselves with relief, recovery, and growth ability. Although most of Malaysian counselors does not receive formal training in self-care, it does not limit them to practice self-care in their own ways. Thus, there is a need to explore what kind of self-care practices are applied by the counselors in crisis situation so that the experience can be referred as a guide the other counselors. This paper is a qualitative review of several selected studies related to the experience of self-care practices among Malaysian counselors. The search strategy was applied to collect relevant studies by using keywords such as "self-care", "Malaysian counselor" and "crisis experience". The search was limited to the publication of research articles and dissertation within years 2015 to 2021. Thematic analysis then was used to analyze the findings of the research. Three themes that reflect the phases of self-care experience emerge from the thematic analysis namely (1) before deployment, (2) during crisis work, and (3) after duty". Each theme has its own subthemes that reflects the areas of self-care practices. The analysis also reveals two important findings. Firstly, it initiates that self-care practices are a continuous process in counseling profession particularly in crisis work. Secondly, it is found that the Malaysian counselors put high priority on spiritual self-care practices. It is hoped that these findings may lead towards further research to deeply explore the self-care experience of Malaysian counselors without neglecting the essence of religious belief in the experience. Keyword: Self-care, Malaysian counselors, crisis work, crisis experience