2022 iJURECON

Salak seeds contain high phenolics. Phenolic has antioxidant properties and works to prevent free radicals (Alaras, 2010). In fact, salak fruit skin also contains phytochemicals that have anti-aging potential (Girsang et al., 2019). Salak fruit seeds contain nutrients such as β-Sitosteryl-3β- glucopyranoside-6'-O-fatty and acid Esters while the seeds contain Gallic acid Peel, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid (Salleh et al., 2018). With that, salak fruit becomes a good source of antioxidants with bioactive content. An extensive exposure to free radicals from air pollutants and sun UV rays often leads to skin damage and other health problems. Therefore, green chemist and cosmetic expertise are expected to develop and innovate products that have great potential to overcome these problems. Seeds and skin of salacca fruit have excellent antioxidant properties which can prevent deterioration of skin cells. Recognizing their high nutritional and medicinal value, we aim to synthesize an effective and eco-friendly soap derived from the extract of rose and salacca fruit’s seeds and skin and. The extraction process was conducted via solid-liquid extraction technique in which a mixture of ethyl acetate and hexane (1:1) was used as extractable solvent. Then, the extracted oil was mixed with 0.1 M NaOH for saponification process. The soap produced has a smooth texture, soft foams and liberate soothing fragrant smell. After that, the presence of antioxidant compound of the soap was validated from Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectrum. This innovation not only opens the idea to the reduction of food and agricultural waste, but also to the utilization of highly nutritious ingredients in producing a product that is beneficial for skin health.

In the efforts to understand the connections between Islam and Science, this paper explores the contributions of both areas of study and its relevance to the modern world. The study was undertaken through the critical readings of scholarly publications and other published resources pertinent to the topic. This paper discusses the contributions made by the Islamic scholars in different sectors of science which may not be in the public sphere. Such contributions include a better understanding of nature, the world, and the universe. The contributions made by the Muslim scholars towards science are often considered unusual as it is perceived that Science originated from Ancient Greek. This paper serves to spread a greater awareness on the fact that Science is highly based on Islam and it has led to the modernisation as well as the advancement of the world. This study concludes that the medieval Muslims have contributed to many aspects of modern science which resulted in the introduction of various world knowledge and technological inventions that have helped the world to progress.

The palm oil industry is a very important in a Southern Thailand’s economy but during processing of oil palm process, it produce too much wastewater (Palm oil mill effluent; POME). Many factories use POME as substrate in biogas production as a treatment for the effluent, but the effluent after treating by biogas processing still have high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Therefore, the wastewater with a high COD value is suggested to treated with microbial electrolysis cell or MEC, a process that uses electrical energy from an external energy source to catalyse internal biological reactions. MEC increases the efficiency of the removal of organic matter by microorganisms and can continue to produce biogas. This research aims to study the effect of feeding electricity into the MEC system for treating the synthetic wastewater on biomethane production efficiency based on analysis of results obtained by feeding 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 V currents into 2 serum bottles with electrodes and 3 serum bottles without electrodes for 23 days. The result exhibited that methane production using MEC with applying 0.7 V give an 8.50% higher daily cumulative CH4 production than control set and methane production using MEC with applying 1.0 and 1.3 V give 0.76% and 2.56% lower daily cumulative CH4 production than control set. It can be concluded that by applying 0.7 V to MEC could enhance the methane production.

Food waste is a significant problem in schools all over the world. Data shows that Kolej GENIUS Insan’s dining hall collected close to an average of 13 kg of food waste per day. Every year, KGI’s food waste will total up to a whopping 4.745 tons, about the weight of a truck. Lack of proper planning when buying and preparing foods are among factors that contribute to excessive food waste in schools. Based on previous studies, composting helps to reduce food waste and methane emissions that causes climate change. Composting is one of the methods to decompose organic solid wastes. There are three types of composting, namely vermicomposting, aerobic composting and fermentation. This study uses a bibliometric analysis to examine the result of past publications on composting in schools.

Many traditional technologies, such as refrigerators, TVs, washing machines, coolers, etc., have improved in the modern, globally interconnected world, while highways remain primarily unchanged. Our "Smart Highway" project aims to make highways more energy-efficient, innovative, and safe. We are using vibration energy, for instance, to charge electric vehicles. However, when using this technique, travelling on roads produces a significant amount of energy in the form of vibration, which is completely lost. Additionally, cars will release greenhouse gases that weaken the ozone layer and contribute to global warming. Similarly, we tried using other kinds of energy on roadways using various methods such as wind, solar, and other green energies. However, it is way too costly because magnetic induction is already expensive. Aside from that, we used photo-Luminescent paint, which charges during the day and glows in the dark, to paint the road markings and, hopefully, can be used in place of streetlights. As a result, a highway change is required to utilise green energy.

Natural disasters in the 21st century is a result of the pollution that creates a chain effect from human activities that are damaging the earth and ecosystem. As an example, deforestation can cause soil erosion and critical flash floods which later would increase the chance of landslides to occur and flow into the river and killed the underwater ecosystem. The objective of this project is to create a device that works as an indicator for early signs towards natural disasters, this device can be used in preventing catastrophic natural disasters from happening in the future, and help the United Nations in fulfilling their Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) number 14 Life Below Water and 15 Life On Land. This smart project is powered by micro: bit, a small computer that can easily be programmed. The micro: bit has a built-in thermometer, tremor sensor and buzzer. It is also equipped with manufactured by ELECFREAKS the additional sensors consist of elements such as Soil Moisture Sensor and Water Level sensor and the IoT:bit. The IoT:bit is an attachment board that is used to allow microbit to connect to ThingSpeak. By using these sensors, it can detect real-time and accurate information of the data. This project also applies the IoT technology by using the IoT:bit. This device is also equipped with an OLED screen that would display the real-time information of the data. Furthermore, this device can work as an early warning system by program it to set off an alarm if the data elements condition or levels goes exceeding beyond or below the limit setup. As an example if the micro:bit detects water level going more than the level that it should, it could be a sign of floods in the area. In conclusion this device can be used to detect the ambient temperature, soil moisture, tremor activities and water level in an area. Thus, not only it can work as an early warning system but also can be used to monitor the nature’s condition

Dental and oral health in Indonesia is something that requires special treatment from an early age. 2018 basic health research stated that 93% of early childhood children have cavities, which means only 7% of children are free from dental caries problems. Damage to the teeth can affect the nutritional status of the child as they tend to refuse to eat. Apello is a creative innovation of toothpaste based on manalagi apple extract and fluoride-free. Manalagi apples have the ability to inhibit the formation of spots in teeth due to the content of catechins. Polyphenols in manalagi apples offers antibacterial function thus supporting it to be a suitable combination to be used as a base for toothpaste. The research method used was an experimental method and continued with organoleptic testing. The innovation of Apello is expected to make children diligent in maintaining healthy teeth because the content of apple peel is likable to children.

Hom Jan rice is the local rice, which is cultivated in Lummai subdistrict, Yala province. But Hom Jan rice has few advantages, and it’s not popular. Breeding of Hom Jan rice using gamma irradiation will improve this rice variety’s quality and make it well known. This research aims to study the effects of gamma rays on growth and survival percentage in Hom Jan rice. In the experiment, the rice kernels were irradiated with gamma rays at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 Gy. The rice kernels were sown for 14 days. The average height of seedlings, the average root length of seedlings and survival percentage were determined after sowing rice kernels for 14 days. The result showed that gamma radiation dose affected the growth and survival percentage. The highest survival percentage is 47.62±4.76% at the gamma radiation dose of 30 Gy. Gamma irradiation decreases root length and plant height.

Cinnamon is a traditional herb that is widely used in health care and traditional medicine. Moreover, it was claimed to reduce stress. However, brain function research of this oil is still in its early phases. Therefore, the effects of cinnamon oil on brain activity were the focus of this study. In this study, ten participants were included. EEG and ECG were recorded during distilled water, lavender oil, and cinnamon oil inhalation. Each inhalation was followed by 3 minutes of open eyes and 3 minutes of closed eyes, respectively. At the end of the experiment, participants had to fill out a satisfaction questionnaire about the scents of each essential oil. In addition, GC-MS was used to analyze essential oil compositions. The main component of cinnamon oil is cinnamaldehyde, while that of lavender oil is linalyl acetate. The result of brain activities showed that beta frequency significantly decreased during cinnamon oil inhalation with eyes closed. Furthermore, both lavender oil and cinnamon oil inhalation tend to increase when compared with the distilled water inhalation group. Moreover, ECG can be linked to heart rate variability (HRV), and the results did not show a significant difference between groups. Overall satisfaction revealed that participants liked the scent of lavender more than cinnamon oil. According to this finding, cinnamon oil reduced beta frequency but did not affect on HRV. Therefore, cinnamon oil may produce an anxiolytic effect on brain function due to the decrease of beta wave.

Indonesia is a tropical country. Indonesia's average temperature in 2020 has reached 26.6°C. The average population living in tropical countries has skin problems. Warm to hot temperatures made people suffer from dry skin and cause skin irritation. Data on the Indonesian population suffering from dry skin in 2004 was 7,392,041 people. The prevalence of dry skin sufferers in Indonesia is 50%-80%. The number of sufferers of dry skin in Indonesia led to the innovation of lotions to moisturize the skin. A lotion innovation combined with carrots is a solution to relieve dry skin. Carrots are natural ingredients that are good for the skin. Carrots contain vitamin A, vitamins B, C, B complex, and betacarotene which are good for maintaining healthy skin and protecting the skin from the risk of sunburn due to UV rays. CARRION (carrot lotion) aims to “bring back to nature” that is safe for people with dry skin, especially sensitive skin. The research method used was experimental and followed by organoleptic tests consisting of ability to moisturize, scent, texture, and colour.

Mathematics subject is a compulsory subject that is offered to every student in Malaysia. The syllabus concludes with mathematic concepts which require skills and mastery to learn. However, some students find it challenging and intimidating to learn new mathematic concepts. These students are often linked to math anxiety, where a person will experience a feeling of stress when faced with math-related problems. Lack of confidence is also a significant problem for students in Malaysia. The perfect solution to overcoming this math anxiety is understanding it thoroughly and then practicing it regularly. One great way to do it is by tapping into the power of one big obsession of children these days – gaming. This approach is one of the fun learning methods that can be used. Therefore, an educational game for mathematics subject has been developed using Buildbox software. Buildbox is a video game development tool that allows users to create 3d video games for computers and mobile. Since the software is free, the teachers can use it as a tool for making a fun game-based learning project in school.

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks by the public. According to data from the International Coffee Organization in 2021, the number of coffee producers in Indonesia increased by about 4.40% compared to the previous period. In coffee there is a caffeine consumption is 150 mg/ day, and if consumed in excess it will cause many health problems. A report states that regular consumption of caffeine causes 14% of deaths caused by coronary heart disease. And 20% of deaths are caused by stroke. Therefore,the purpose of this study was to replace coffee beans into date beans as an alternative to non-caffeinated coffee. Date palm seeds contain antioxidants that can ward off free radicals so that they become a substitute for coffee beans that contain caffeine, consuming dates is also a sunnah for Muslims. This research also developed innovations by using dipping bags as coffee containers to reduce coffee deposits when brewed. That way people can easily consume healty non-caffeinated coffee and live the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Also researchers have conducted experiments in producing coffe from dates seeds,from these studies obtained 3,31 result from taste, scent, color, packaging, from these result are included in the good category.

Based on StatPearls (2021), hand amputations are a very uncommon yet terrible injury. Work, hobbies, and self-care all suffer as a result of these injuries. Furthermore, amputations of the extremities may have psychosocial consequences for the patient. Amputations of the hand, like all amputations, are classified according to the anatomic level at which they occur. The extent of hand amputation has implications for treatment as well as the degree and duration of functional impairment. Herewith, our group has created Codename CLAW (Cool Gadget Located At Wrist) to help individuals who have amputations lift their weight. Due to its simple manufacturing materials, this forward-thinking device can be marketed at a minimal price

As the world has grown in the field of technology, science, education and modernism, many countries have started to educate the young generation about the necessity of knowledge in terms of nanotechnology. In Malaysia, the Ministry of Education has developed a new syllabus in educating secondary level students (Form 1 to Form 5 within age from 13 to 17 years old) called Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah (KSSM). In KSSM, Form 5 students are exposed to nanotechnology in Chemistry subject, an elective subject studied by pure science students. The main objective in introducing this topic is to educate the young generation of the importance of nanotechnology in daily life. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to measure the level of nanotechnology awareness in Kolej GENIUS Insan’s students. The data was collected from 268 students by using online survey form. The results briefly indicated that 72% of respondents agree that they do not receive enough exposure to have a good understanding of nanotechnology. However, 59% of respondents perceive that nanotechnology provides high benefits while 3% believe that this will provide high risks in industry. Moreover, apart of the good efforts of Ministry of Education in including nanotechnology in KSSM syllabus, several ways that were suggested by the respondents to increase the awareness and exposure level of nanotechnology also will be discussed in detail.

The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of religion being an important principle in secular society. This paper focuses on three views that show religion as being a necessity in the modern world and its relationship with the secular society. This study was carried out through critical readings and analysis of scholarly articles and published materials. Many secular societies believe that religion should be separated from the government to allow for a fairer rule of the people. This study is aimed to show that religion is not burdensome, but instead provides happiness and peace around the world. In the social aspect, religion has three major functions in society which is providing social cohesion to help maintain social solidarity through rituals, beliefs, and conformity. This study concludes that religion has become popular in the modern world as it teaches people to be righteous, adhering to the law and respectful to the authority of the state.

The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the contagious COVID-19 disease brought on by the coronavirus to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. In Brunei Darussalam, the Omicron variant has replaced the Delta variant as the predominant variant since 2021, leading to a weekly case count of 29,402 cases with 156 deaths in the week ending March 6, 2022. As a result, Brunei has started the COVID-19 National Vaccination Program (NVP), which was conducted in three phases based on different demographic groups. Brunei Darussalam believes that these vaccines will protect the priority groups that it has identified. The government has made numerous attempts to stop COVID-19 from spreading by adopting a "herd immunity" strategy, in which at least 70-75% of the population gets immunized. The main objective of this study is to learn about the Brunei population’s perceptions and understanding of the necessity and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine. A cross-sectional online questionnaire was distributed to 250 local Muslim respondents using Google Forms. SPSS was used to conduct descriptive statistical analyses [frequency (%)] to represent the characteristics of respondents as well as their perceptions of the necessity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination. Based on the data analysis, the majority of the respondents (61.6%) agree on the necessity of taking COVID-19 vaccination will indirectly inhibit viral spread, while 62.4% have neutral views on the vaccine’s efficacy. Therefore, the relevant parties should play a role in building trust in vaccine safety and boosting understanding of the vaccine’s necessity and efficacy.

Various types of weapons and defences have been made from eleventh century until now for each country with their own uniqueness. However, there are some mysteries that human still cannot find the way to solve it. Damascus steel is well known as metal that typically made into weapon blades having the greatest strength and cutting ability. Many researchers showing high interest in the formulation and fabrication of the best materials that have the same performance and strength ability as the Damascus steel. There are many ways to replicate it but the most important to make Damascus steel is by fabricating it at very high temperature and having many layers with each sheet spacing over 50 microns. Nanotechnology using steel “DaMarcus” is also known as wootz that is produced from steel made in India to create the Damascus steel. Various elements with different Carbon percentages present in the iron ore. Moreover, elements such as chromium, manganese, and cobalt are combined with iron and carbon to increase the strength, sharpness, and flexibility of the steel. The sword is made using the "DaMarcus" secret steel forging technology and has a CNT (Carbon Nano Tubes) coating, making it very sharp and lightweight. A CNT is a hexagonal cylinder made of a chain of interconnected carbon atoms with a diameter of 1-2 nanometers. The cylindrical CNT may grow to tens of microns in length and can be closed at the tip section like a piece of pipe with two closed edges. The material's characterization also explains the CNT has the greatest strength compared to other materials. Therefore, these reviews highlight the potential of nanotechnology in bringing back the glory of Islamic civilization that has been lost in ages.

The process of photosynthesis requires a substantial amount of sunlight. However, this sunlight is being blocked by the sheer number of particles in the air from pollution. This makes growing plants in big cities where pollution is a common thing an arduous task especially if the gardener lives in a high building where the sun rays and space are limited. The LED Greenhouse was designed to counter this exact situation by using artificial light to substitute sunlight and to encourage more gardening among city dwellers. The materials used for the LED greenhouse is a greenhouse socker, a red LED strip, some pots and seeds which costs around 70 MYR. It works as a normal greenhouse during sunny days absorbing sunlight and absorbs artificial light during hazy days which is better for plant growth. The reason artificial light is only a substitute is because it uses too much electricity if solely depended on and is only better at plant growth if used supplementally. LEDs are the chosen artificial light since they are very efficient at plant growth and energy efficient. A study found that the colour of artificial light affects plant growth, so an experiment was carried out. It was found that the plant grown by the red LED was the highest since chlorophyll strongly absorbs red light, so it was chosen as the colour of our LED. Our project is very marketable to homeowners because of its small size.

Data Analysis plays an important role in helping researchers and students who are conducting quantitative research studies. However, some researchers and students face problems identifying and understanding what type of data analysis to use when conducting the research. This issue has caused problems with the research they are conducting, leading to errors. Due to the situation, we came out with a product named Research Data Analysis Indicator Chart (REDAIC) in the form of sunburst or wheel chart. The purpose of this project is to assist researchers and students whom having difficulty determining which type of data analysis to be used in their quantitative research based on their objectives and sample group. The project’s primary objectives are to design and develop the product along with implementation and evaluation whether the usage of the product meets the purpose. When the researchers use the REDAIC chart, we can see that the product managed to help researchers identify the type of data analysis that will be used by them for their research without any errors. We gave out product evaluation questionnaire using 5 points Likert scale to 30 respondents. The results indicate that the mean value for visual design is 4.76, tutorial approach is 4.77, applicability is 4.73, and user satisfaction is 4.70. We can conclude that REDAIC has fulfilled the needs and wants of the users as indicator of the type of data that needs to be used for quantitative research

Cannabis is a plant that has been used for several purposes from the past till now including leaves, flowers, stems, and roots. The cannabis root is not very popular because it does not contain cannabinoids. However, cannabis root contains the active ingredient in the triterpenoid group, friedelin. Many research had reported that friedelin can reduce inflammation and also has the ability of antibacterial. Thus, this research aimed to extract friedelin from cannabis roots and study comparative friedelin concentrations on inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Friedelin extracted from cannabis roots was tested for TLC to determine and analyze the primary purity of the resulting friedelin. Friedelin concentrations of 64, 256, and 1,024 micromolar were tested for inhibition of the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria by the disc diffusion method. The result of the TLC test friedelin from cannabis roots has a single component and a Rf value similar to the standard friedelin with distilled water can confirm that friedelin from cannabis roots is pure. For the result of inhibiting P. acnes bacteria of the Friedelin extract sample when compared with standard antibacterial clindamycin at a dose of 0.002 mg had a diameter of 48.34±2.16 mm in the P. acnes bacteria inactivation region but friedelin was ineffective with P. acnes bacteria, however, friedelin extract can be applied as a product to reduce acne in the form of reducing acne inflammation, but not to inhibit the growth of bacteria directly.