Seminar Antarabangsa Usul Fiqh (iSUFI) 2024

The use of cryptocurrency among Muslims as a financial instrument has sparked a debate in its compatibility with Islamic principles. This systematic literature review examines the implementation of the use of cryptocurrency from an Islamic perspective, focusing on its compliance with Sharia law, issues and views of scholars on it and socio-economic implications. The review synthesizes existing research to explore key themes such as the trustworthiness of cryptocurrencies under Islamic jurisprudence, their potential as a medium for improving the Muslim economy, and the associated risks and benefits. The findings reveal different scholarly opinions, with some highlighting the innovative potential of cryptocurrencies in promoting the Muslim economy while others emphasize concerns over volatility, speculation and a lack of intrinsic value, which may conflict with Islamic ethical and legal frameworks. This review also identifies gaps in the literature and provides recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among Islamic scholars, economists and technologists to develop comprehensive guidelines for the use of cryptocurrencies in Islamic finance.

Wakaf muaqqat atau wakaf bertempoh berpotensi menjadi instrumen penting dalam memperluas manfaat wakaf kepada masyarakat Malaysia, khususnya dalam sektor pendidikan, kesihatan, dan kebajikan sosial. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian menunjukkan bahawa konsep ini masih kurang diterokai, menyebabkan pelbagai cabaran dalam perlaksanaan dan penerimaannya di peringkat nasional. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode kajian kepustakaan dan pemerhatian untuk mengkaji secara mendalam isu-isu yang berkaitan, seperti kekangan perundangan, kekeliruan pemahaman masyarakat, serta ketidakseragaman dalam pengurusan. Analisis data yang dilakukan menggunakan kaedah induktif dan deduktif mendedahkan bahawa cabaran utama terletak pada kelemahan rangka kerja dasar, kurangnya pendidikan awal tentang konsep wakaf bertempoh, dan keperluan untuk mekanisme pemantauan yang lebih efektif. Untuk menangani cabaran ini, kajian mengemukakan beberapa cadangan praktikal, termasuk penyelarasan perundangan, pengukuhan kerjasama antara institusi wakaf dan badan kerajaan, serta inisiatif pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kesedaran masyarakat. Di samping itu, model pengurusan wakaf bertempoh yang lebih inovatif dan mampan dicadangkan untuk memastikan pelaksanaan yang lebih sistematik dan efektif. Penemuan kajian ini diharapkan dapat membuka ruang perbincangan yang lebih mendalam mengenai potensi wakaf bertempoh sebagai instrumen pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi di Malaysia, sekaligus menyumbang kepada usaha memperkasakan sistem wakaf di peringkat nasional.

Penyelidikan sel tunjang telah berkembang dengan pesat sejak dua puluh tahun terakhir dan mempunyai potensi besar untuk merevolusikan rawatan perubatan di samping memberi harapan untuk para pesakit dengan pelbagai penyakit. Namun, dimensi etika penyelidikan sel tunjang adalah kompleks kerana ia melibatkan pelbagai aspek yang perlu diambil kira. Kebanyakan fatwa yang ada berkenaan isu ini juga sudah agak lama jika dibandingkan dengan perkembangan terkini dalam bidang sel tunjang. Antara beberapa isu etika yang baharu muncul adalah penyusunan semula genetik sel tunjang, penghasilan sperma dari sel tunjang wanita dan ovum dari sel tunjang lelaki, penyelidikan hibrid manusia-haiwan, organ chimera dan banyak lagi. Justeru, terdapat keperluan untuk mempunyai garis panduan penyelidikan sel tunjang patuh syariah. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan menganalisis keperluan model penyelidikan sel tunjang patuh syariah melalui perbahasan isu penetapan fatwa sel tunjang, etika perundangan dan etika perubatan. Kajian ini merupakan kajian di peringkat awal melalui reka bentuk analisis kandungan secara kualitatif dan dianalisis secara induktif. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat beberapa isu etika baharu yang muncul meliputi isu penetapan fatwa sel tunjang, etika perundangan dan etika perubatan. Kajian ini dijangka menghasilkan model penyelidikan sel tunjang yang patuh syariah sesuai dengan kemajuan teknologi penyelidikan pada masa kini. Ia dijangka mampu membantu institusi agama dan jabatan fatwa negeri, penggubalan undangundang serta pengeluaran fatwa berkaitan isu ini.

The Maqasid Shariah approach, which includes the concept of Maslahah (good) and Mafsadah (bad), plays an important role in aligning Muslim tourism with Islamic principles. Although Islamic tourism is growing rapidly, research on the application of Maqasid Shariah when making decisions during Muslim tourism is still limited. This article addresses that gap by examining the challenges faced by Muslim travellers in maintaining moral and religious values when making tourism choices. The study's main objective is to integrate the principles of Maslahah-Mafsadah in various aspects of Muslim tourism decisions, including destination selection, travel guides, accommodation options, and halal food aspects. This study analyzes how this concept can help Muslim travellers choose tourism options that align with Islamic values. The study's findings show that an approach based on Maqasid Shariah in tourism decisions can improve Muslim travellers' experience by providing relevant and practical guidance. This article proposes a standard approach that aligns with Maqasid Shariah to help Muslims make more informed, ethical, and beneficial tourism decisions.

Over the past three decades, the Islamic finance industry has experienced exponential growth, with market sizes ranging from USD 1.66 trillion to USD 2.1 trillion, and projections exceeding USD 5 trillion by 2030. This rapid expansion necessitates comprehensive financial and non-financial disclosures by Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) to shareholders, investors, and capital providers. Such transparency is crucial for informed investment decisions. This study examines the significance of IFIs' Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure in the context of Maqasid al-Shariah. It highlights the role of the Shariah Committee (SC) in influencing ESG disclosure decisions, despite lacking authoritative power. By providing informed recommendations, the SC can guide the Board of Directors (BOD) to ensure decisions align with Shariah principles, promoting a sustainable and ethically balanced financial system. This integration helps IFIs meet growing stakeholder expectations and contributes to a more transparent and responsible financial industry.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure has emerged as a critical framework for publicly listed companies to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and ethical practices, particularly in mitigating climate change. In Malaysia, halal-certified companies hold a unique position in aligning Islamic ethical principles with global sustainability goals. This study examines how ESG practices are integrated into the operations of these companies, focusing on sustainable sourcing, waste management, and the adoption of renewable energy to reduce environmental impacts. The convergence of halal principles emphasizing transparency, accountability, and environmental stewardship with ESG frameworks highlights the potential of halal-certified businesses to drive global climate change mitigation efforts. The research identifies significant challenges, including the lack of standardized ESG reporting frameworks and the complexities of navigating dual compliance with Shariah laws and international sustainability standards. However, the findings also emphasize the role of digital transformation, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, in enhancing ESG transparency and efficiency in the halal supply chain. By adopting sustainable practices and leveraging technological advancements, halal companies can not only meet the increasing expectations of ethically conscious consumers but also establish themselves as leaders in corporate sustainability. Ultimately, this study underscores the strategic importance of ESG disclosure for halal companies in fostering long-term resilience and competitiveness. By bridging faith-based values with modern environmental strategies, these businesses contribute significantly to global efforts to combat climate change while maintaining their commitment to Shariah compliance and ethical governance.

Al Siyasah al Syariyyah is a compulsory course of the Syariah curriculum for the Quranic and Sunnah Studies program at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). The course aims to provide students with comprehensive knowledge and practical skills in al Siyasah al Syariyyah or known as Islamic public policy knowledge within the Malaysian context. Traditionally, these courses have relied on passive learning methods, leading to reduced engagement and limited interactive discussions. This project employs a qualitative approach, including content analysis and feedback, to introduce an innovative blended learning model for fourth-year students during the first Semester for year 2023/2024 academic session. The restructured course integrates both online and traditional elements to enhance student interest and understanding. Key topics are addressed through a blended learning activity flowchart, incorporating offline lectures, online resources, forums, debates, role-playing simulations, games, and reflective activities. This approach not only deepens students' knowledge of al Siyasah al Syariyyah principles but also emphasizes the integration of aqli (intellectual) and naqli (transmitted) understanding. This integration is crucial for providing a holistic education that balances critical thinking with traditional scriptural knowledge, preparing students for future roles as policymakers, leaders, officers, entrepreneurs, and educators.

Penggunaan haiwan eksotik bagi manusia adalah perkara yang tidak biasa berlaku, tetapi setengah orang meminati haiwan ini untuk dijadikan sebagai santapan atau dijadikan sebagai haiwan peliharaan. Dalam bidang perubatan, ia digunakan sebagai ubat atau bahan membuat ubat kerana dipercayai mampu merawat penyakit. Oleh itu, penggunaan haiwan eksotik perlu dikaji dari aspek halal dan maslahah. Objektif yang difokuskan kepada kajian ini adalah untuk menerangkan maksud haiwan eksotik, menjelaskan konsep halal dan maslahah tentang penggunaan haiwan eksotik serta membincangkan pandangan ulama tentang kesan penggunaan haiwan eksotik terhadap manusia. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menganalisa dokumen data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil kajian ini telah mendapati bahawa hukum penggunaan haiwan eksotik untuk perubatan mengikut keadaan tertentu adalah harus atas konsep maslahah. Implikasi kajian ini adalah penggunaan haiwan eksotik secara langsung boleh memberi kesan kepada manusia sama ada dalam jangka masa pendek atau panjang untuk kesihatan manusia

Hibah refers to the voluntary giving of property as a management tool for Muslims, aside from faraid and wasiyyah. However, public awareness and understanding of hibah management remain limited, leading to improper management of existing property and an increase in unclaimed property. Therefore, the study aims to expand the existing body of knowledge by highlighting and summarising current studies on hibah regarding the concept of hibah, its implementation in Malaysia and the related issue. Thus, this study presented a map of the research interest and determined primary issues to demonstrate current trends, future research directions and theory development. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was employed using the four-step reporting standard for the Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) review: research question formulation, systematic searching, quality assessment, and data extraction. A total of 41 screened articles between 2019 and 2024 were retrieved from two primary databases (Scopus and Emerald and one supporting database, Google Scholar). The factors were categorised into three primary themes: general, motives and preference studies, and determinant analysis. The themes were subsequently divided into nine sub-themes. Notably, most studies have highlighted the absence of specific laws, which consequently affects the effectiveness of hibah practices in Malaysia. This study provides valuable insights into the current research on the subject. The issues and areas explored contribute new knowledge and help advance theoretical development for future research in the field. By addressing empirical gaps, this study serves as an excellent reference for regulators, policymakers, and researchers, aiding in their understanding of the issues and existing solutions related to hibah.

Penulisan ini menganalisis isu dan cabaran dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PnP) subjek perundangan jenayah Islam di era teknologi digital. Antara permasalahan utama yang dikenal pasti adalah kurikulum tradisional yang perlu disesuaikan dengan jenayah moden, pendekatan pengajaran yang kurang interaktif, serta kekurangan keupayaan pelajar untuk berijtihad secara kritikal. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk mengusulkan reformasi terhadap kurikulum dan metodologi PnP agar lebih sesuai dengan keperluan semasa, termasuk integrasi ilmu naqli dan aqli serta penerapan teknologi moden. Penulisan ini penting dalam memastikan undang-undang jenayah Islam kekal relevan, bersifat praktikal, dan mampu menangani cabaran jenayah yang semakin kompleks. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar perlu didedahkan kepada pengetahuan semasa seperti forensik dan teknologi, selain daripada kitab klasik. Reformasi ini turut memerlukan penyelidikan inovatif dan penulisan ilmiah terkini bagi menyokong kemajuan dalam bidang ini. Penulis juga menekankan pentingnya sokongan institusi dalam bentuk geran penyelidikan untuk meningkatkan daya saing undang-undang jenayah Islam di peringkat global. Artikel ini menyeru semua pihak terlibat untuk berusaha secara kolektif dalam memartabatkan undang-undang jenayah Islam.

The issue of transgenderism, particularly concerning transwomen (mak nyah) in Malaysia, has sparked significant societal concern due to its religious implications, raising complex fiqh-related questions on matters such as prayer, pilgrimage (umrah), inheritance (faraid), funeral management, and more. This study aims to explore the fiqh challenges and issues related to transgender individuals, providing clarity on the rulings in these areas. Utilizing interviews and document analysis, this qualitative research examines the fiqh issues surrounding transgenderism and determines the applicable rulings. Preliminary findings indicate that the transgenderism fiqh issues primarily fall into three key areas of Islamic jurisprudence: Fiqh ‘Ibadat (worship obligations), Fiqh Mu’amalat (social interactions and dealings), and Fiqh Jinayat (criminal law). Through document analysis of both classical and contemporary fiqh scholars' works, the study develops a comprehensive fiqh framework for navigating fiqh challenges among Muslims who identify as transgender. The transgenderism fiqh framework is designed to offer essential guidance to the transgender community in fulfilling their religious obligations and returning to their fiṭrah (true nature). Additionally, this framework is intended to serve as a reference for religious authorities, as well as a valuable resource for the broader public.

Introduction: Periodontal regenerative materials are required to regenerate the new periodontal supporting apparatus. There are various types of regenerative materials used in this surgery including autografts, allografts, xenografts (bovine and porcine based materials), alloplasts or synthetic materials which derived from many different sources. Aims: This study objective aimed to determine the patient’s acceptance and correlation of patients’ beliefs and types of periodontal regenerative materials. Methods: A total of 60 respondents were gathered in our pilot study to participate in a questionnaire (content validated, pre-tested) in Dental Polyclinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur. Demographic data, patients’ acceptance towards periodontal regenerative materials and the correlations of patients’ beliefs (Religion Orientation Revised scale) and the selection of various periodontal regenerative materials were recorded. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0 and P< 0.05 at 95% confident interval is considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of respondents was 45.4 (SD 14.92) years old. Most of them were (60.0%) female and (40.0%) male patients had participated in this study with Malay and Islam religion was predominant. The respondents who have strongest beliefs based on internal religious orientation (IRO) highly accepted autologous bone grafts (0.378, 0.003), bovine xenografts (0.279, 0.031), and synthetic grafts (0.244, 0.061) as materials of choice. However, they tend to refuse porcine xenografts (-0.325, 0.011) as periodontal regenerative materials in their treatment modalities. Conclusion: In conclusion, people who have strongest beliefs will be influenced in choosing the various periodontal regenerative material based on their religion.

Syariat Islam yang komprehensif terbina atas dasar untuk memberikan maslahat (kebaikan) dan menolak sebarang bentuk mafasadah (keburukan atau kerosakan). Konsep maslahah dan mafsadah ini menjadi asas dan tunjang kepada penetapan sesuatu perkara. Dalam isu undangundang rogol statutori Malaysia atau dikenali juga sebagai undang-undang rogol bawah umur terdapat pertembungan antara maslahah dan mafsadah. Ia dapat dilihat daripada definisi peruntukan ini yang membawa maksud persetubuhan luar nikah yang dilakukan oleh seorang lelaki dengan perempuan yang berumur di bawah 16 tahun sama ada dilakukan secara paksa atau sukarela. Kerelaan dan persetujuan oleh perempuan tidak menjadi material dalam peruntukan ini bertujuan untuk melindungi kanak-kanak dan remaja perempuan daripada diambil kesempatan secara seksual oleh pihak tertentu. Permasalahannya adalah kebanyakan kes yang disabitkan dalam peruntukan ini merupakan hubungan seksual secara sukarela, ‘suka sama suka’, yang dilakukan oleh remaja sekitar umur 13 hingga 16 tahun. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis elemen-elemen maslahah dan mafsadah yang terdapat dalam undang-undang rogol statutori ini dari perspektif syariah. Metodologi kajian kualitatif digunakan dengan reka bentuk analisis kandungan. Data dikumpulkan melalui dokumen, iaitu kitab-kitab fiqh dan Kanun Keseksaan yang kemudiannya dianalisis secara tematik dan deskriptif. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat pertembungan antara elemen maslahah dan mafsadah dalam peruntukan ini. Perlindungan seksual kepada kanak-kanak dan remaja perempuan adalah maslahah yang perlu dipelihara, namun beberapa mafsadah lain yang timbul daripadanya perlu diteliti semula demi kesejahteraan sosial dan pemeliharaan keturunan (hifz al-nasab) dalam Islam.

Donating organs is a noble and charitable act. It saves people’s lives, and has brought happiness to many. These donors are just like legendary heroes, for as long as the donee still uses their donated organs, their cycle of deed continues to spin. Nevertheless in Malaysia, if one dreams of helping others by donating his organs, he must come forward and declare his intentions. Only by doing so, his organs could be taken and benefited by others when the right time comes. Nevertheless, the problem of organ shortage in Malaysia seems to have no ending. Many have pledged as organ donors but the actual donation taking place is still very scarce. This problem relates to provisions of the the Human Tissues Act 1974 that allows close family members to meddle and interfere, even in the organ procurement procedures. Communication by the potential organ donor with this close family members are also essential, particularly to acknowolege them about his noble intention to become a registered organ donor.

Forest conservation is significant for sustainable development which emphasizes not only on ecological protection and economic balance, but also social equity. Social equity concerns with fair distribution of resources and opportunities in a society to ensure that all members have access to their needs to achieve their potential. The principle essentially requires society to address systemic inequalities and barriers that disproportionately affect marginalized or disadvantaged groups. Islamic views on social equity and environmental stewardship provide a distinctive framework for tackling issues of deforestation and environmental degradation, which affect both forest communities and larger populations. By reviewing the relevant literature, this essay investigates the relationship between social equity and forest conservation, looking at how Islamic principles support the sustainable and equitable use of natural resources. Based on the concepts of stewardship (khilafah), justice ('adl), compassion (rahmah), and the common good (maslahah), the study emphasizes how Islamic environmental ethics offer a significant principle to advocate for social equity as an important element for sustainable development beyond welfare consideration, warranting robust legal protections. By incorporating these values, Islamic environmental ethics offer a relevant perspective to address contemporary issues of inequity, environmental degradation, and sustainable resource management.

Breakthrough in fostering human health quality can be weighed good fortune or miracle to the history of humankind medication. However, pharmaceutical, which deemed as essential, often, considered almost inevitable from any ingredients that is considered as filth (al-najasat) in Islam such as porcine tissues, carcass, blood plasma, internal organs and alcohol. With the advancement of technologies, the manufacturing of medicines up to the point of enabling the removal of DNA of porcine that known in fiqhi device such as chemical transformation (istihalah). This paper that employs qualitative methodology identifying the point where does istihalah process occurs upon biologic drugs known as Vaccine. Several appropriate methodologies in Islamic law (usul fiqh) are used such as legal reasoning (ijtihad). This paper finds that the vaccines ingredient manufacturing engages with cell culture base that extracted from unlawful animal in the of Islam such as porcine or impermissible to consume like human, dog, monkey is inevitable from istihalah process before the process of manufacture of vaccine starts off.

Istilah Uli al-Irbah yang disebut dalam Surah al-Nūr ayat 31 lazimnya diterjemahkan sebagai lelaki yang tidak mempunyai keinginan terhadap wanita. Namun, para mufassirin dan fuqaha memberikan pelbagai penafsiran terhadap istilah ini. Kepelbagaian tafsiran tersebut telah diambil kesempatan oleh sesetengah pihak untuk mengaitkan Uli al-Irbah dengan konsep transgender, dengan menyatakan bahawa Al-Quran menyebut dan meraikan golongan tersebut. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti penafsiran ulama tafsir dan fuqaha terhadap Uli al-Irbah serta menganalisis sama ada terdapat perkaitan di antara istilah Uli al-Irbah dengan konsep transgender dalam konteks semasa. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah penelitian teks atau dokumen. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa mengaitkan dan menyamakan golongan Uli al-Irbah dengan transgender adalah tidak tepat. Para mufassirin dan fuqaha telah menjelaskan bahawa golongan Uli al-Irbah merujuk kepada lelaki yang tidak memiliki nafsu syahwat terhadap wanita, manakala transgender merupakan golongan yang memiliki isu kecelaruan identiti atau melakukan perbuatan menyerupai jantina yang bertentangan. Oleh itu, penerangan yang menyeluruh terhadap konsep transgender dan kedudukannya dalam Islam perlu terus diperkasakan terutamanya oleh para ulama, ahli akademik dan penyelidik Islam agar tidak menimbulkan kekeliruan dan salah faham dalam masyarakat serta tidak dimanipulasi oleh golongan yang tidak bertanggungjawab.

Isu kebajikan haiwan jalanan di Malaysia, khususnya melibatkan kucing dan anjing terbiar, menuntut pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif dan berlandaskan nilai-nilai Islam. Kajian ini mengenalpasti elemen-elemen perspektif Islam yang berkait dengan undang-undang kebajikan haiwan di Malaysia, khususnya Akta Kebajikan Haiwan 2015, dalam memperkukuh perlindungan terhadap haiwan jalanan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan doktrinal melalui analisis kandungan bagi mengenal pasti elemen-elemen utama Maqasid Shariah dan Qawaid Fiqhiyyah yang relevan untuk diaplikasikan kepada undang-undang kebajikan haiwan di Malaysia.Berasaskan prinsip maqasid al-shariah dan qawa’id fiqhiyyah, Islam menekankan elemen ihsan, rahmah, dan maslahah dalam memastikan kesejahteraan semua makhluk. Prinsip-prinsip Qawaid Fiqhiyyah perlu diaplikasikan bagi mengurangkan kezaliman terhadap haiwan jalanan dan memelihara kesejahteraan masyarakat. Melalui integrasi prinsip-prinsip Qawaid Fiqhiyyah ke dalam perundangan kebajikan haiwan, kertas kerja ini mencadangkan penambahbaikan kepada perlindungan haiwan jalanan yang mampu memperkukuh tanggungjawab sosial serta membentuk masyarakat yang lebih beretika, prihatin, selaras dengan nilai kemanusiaan dalam Islam.