2023 PRC

This article discusses the concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), dimensions, and longterm impacts experienced by survivors of adverse childhood experiences. ACEs as traumatic and potentially dangerous experiences that occur intensively and frequently in the 0-17 years or before age 18 years. Traumatic experiences or stressful experiences that are classified under ACE include (but are not limited to) abuse (emotional, physical, sexual abuse); abandonment (emotional, physical neglect); and growing up in a dysfunctional household. These dysfunctions include being a witness to violence in another household, a family member engaging in alcohol or drug abuse, the family suffering from mental illness or being involved in suicide, there being relational stress (such as separation or divorce), or a family member exhibiting criminal behavior. Studies have proven that ACEs have long-lasting impacts on survivors. Among these impacts are emotional, social-behavioral, cognitive, neurodevelopmental, mental health, and disease. A basic understanding of the definition, dimensions, and long-term impact of ACEs has the potential to open up broader research and exploration in various fields as a main step in making prevention policies in the future.

Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kesedaran kru kabin tentang kepentingan kemahiran komunikasi secara interpersonal serta mengukur tahap keyakinan berkomunikasi mereka sewaktu bertugas. Kajian ini turut bertujuan untuk mengetahui sama ada terdapat perbezaan dapatan kajian berdasarkan tiga faktor utama iaitu jantina, tahap pendidikan dan tempoh berkhidmat. Penyelidik menggunakan pendekatan teori SERVQUAL sebagai kerangka konseptual dan reka bentuk kajian. Teori SERVQUAL digunakan kerana ia adalah teori yang sangat bertepatan dalam menilai kualiti perkhidmatan. Teori yang juga menekankan lima dimensi utama iaitu ketara, kebolehpercayaan, responsif, jaminan, dan empati dalam perkhidmatan. Model ini memberikan panduan yang teratur untuk menilai kualiti perkhidmatan dengan teliti dalam pelbagai situasi dan industri. Seramai 726 responden dipilih secara rawak bagi menjawab borang soal selidik, yang mewakili 3030 responden daripada tiga syarikat penerbangan iaitu Capital A Berhad, Malaysia Airlines Berhad dan Batik Air Malaysia. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) untuk mendapatkan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensi atau ujian-t (t-test). Dapatan kajian menjangkakan pengukuran terhadap tahap kesedaran kru kabin tentang kepentingan kemahiran dan keyakinan berkomunikasi secara interpersonal yang dapat menggambarkan tahap kepuasan dan kualiti perkhidmatan kru kabin. Selain itu, serta terdapat perbezaan dapatan kajian yang melibatkan tiga faktor utama yang berbeza iaitu jantina, tahap pendidikan dan tempoh berkhidmat.

The current study attempts to determine the validity and reliability of the factor that causes infidelity using the IBQ questionnaire in Nigeria. Infidelity is the action or state of being unfaithful to a spouse or other sexual partner. Study shows that infidelity is not limited to any demographic or culture but across various societies, ages, and relationships. Reasons behind infidelity are diverse and can range from dissatisfaction in the current relationship, desire for novelty or excitement, emotional or sexual needs not being met, to personal insecurities or a lack of commitment. Currently, about 40 to 60% couples engages in infidelity due to financial reasons. However, a study carried out in Nigeria and Ghana finds that more women involve in infidelity than their men counterpart. Similarly, their Ghanian counterpart result was in the same direction. But many of the men and women who engages in infidelity were people without any religion affiliation. Furthermore, the study showed that many of the couples who were cheated upon has severe consequences, ranges from psychological damage, low/lack sexual confidence, personal confidence, and other post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, there is an eminent need to determine factors that could reduce or eliminate infidelity in the Nigerian society.

The Narcotics Crime Investigation Department (NCID) of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) is responsible for combating drug-related issues in Malaysia. Despite numerous eradication initiatives, Malaysia's drug problem continues to worsen. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced in Malaysia's efforts to eradicate drugs issues in Malaysia via the experience of Royal Malaysia Police Anti Narcotic Personnel. This study investigated the challenges faced in Malaysia's efforts to eradicate drugs by gathering primary data through interviews and secondary data from literature research. The primary data was collected using qualitative methodology through interviews with personnel from the NCID Selangor and Police Contingent Headquarters, Bukit Aman. The study objective is to analyze the drug situation in Malaysia from the NCID's perspective. The findings indicated that Malaysia's drug situation had become a security threat, influenced by legal and legislative factors, drug possession, smuggling, and distribution. However, all respondents agreed that the NCID was committed to its mission and had demonstrated success in several instances. Respondents discussed internal factors, such as the quality of human resources, integrity, and infrastructure and logistics growth, which posed barriers to drug combating efforts in Malaysia based on their personal experiences. External factors included geographic challenges, virtual threats, the presence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), modus operandi, drug mules, and legal issues. The study concludes that the NCID remains crucial in combating drugs, but with the collaboration of all stakeholders, the highlighted concerns can be addressed, and prompt actions can be taken towards comprehensive eradication.

This thesis examines the differences of law and institutional framework between Malaysia and Australia. The current legislation dealing with the threat and diseases in relation to Covid-19 is still based on the outdated, static legislation. The new legislation amendment should be created and controlled by a specific authority solely in order to address this problem. Malaysia needs to consult the organisations that cover all damages. In order to examine and put into practise new laws from diverse regulatory strategies with the intention of protecting living things, the regulatory theory is employed as the theoretical framework. Despite Australia's decision to not join the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the protocol is widely used because it serves as the cornerstone for biosafety. At the conclusion of the legal comparative analysis, it is suggested that Malaysia's current law needs to be improved for better governance. This is done by comparing the similarities and differences between the legal and institutional biosafety laws of the two countries. The findings of the thesis more focus on the similarities and the differences between Malaysia and Australia Biosecurity laws. The study concludes that the implementation and improvement of the new law can be made by following the right approach.

This paper aims to propose the development of a gerontology counseling competency model that empowers counselors to effectively engage with elderly clients. This model plays a crucial role in cultivating a holistic environment that is essential for the well-being and realization of the social rights of older adults, in accordance with the Malaysian National Policy for Older Persons 2011. To achieve this goal, a three-phase Design and Development Research (DDR) approach will be employed, employing diverse research methods and instruments. Involvement of expert and user groups is essential to ensuring the model's suitability in the Malaysian context. The proposed gerontology counseling competency model holds significant potential for enhancing counseling services' quality for elderly clients and strengthening the counseling profession in Malaysia. Its development corresponds with the values inherent in Islamic teachings, further underscoring its importance in promoting the well-being of the elderly population.

Past studies reported mixed results on the role of working memory capacity (WMC) in following instructions, based on different methodologies and contexts. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of WMC in following spoken and written instructions, through verbal and action recall based on the total correct recall. Fifty-one (51) participants were involved in this experiment. Twenty-five (25) participants were classified into the high working memory capacity (WMC) group, and n=26 under the low WMC group based on the score of the verbal and visuospatial working memory tasks. The spoken instructions required the participant to perform verbal and action recall, and the same goes for the written instructions. The findings of the study revealed that there are significant effects of the WMC, types of instructions, and types of recall on the total correct recall. This study contributes additional findings related to the WMC and following instructions in the local context, methodology, and body of knowledge in the field of cognitive psychology.

The identification of drug mules by drug dealers was established over 30 years ago, with notable cases of women playing leading roles in this crime. This trend has garnered attention not only in Malaysia but also in many other countries. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the risk factors associated with recruitment as a drug mule, the motivations driving individuals to get involved in drug smuggling, and the physical and emotional impact of drug smuggling on these individuals. This study collected data from inmates at Sungai Buloh Prison, Selangor. As part of a qualitative research strategy, one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. The sample consisted of five inmates with diverse criminal backgrounds, all housed in Sungai Buloh Prison, Selangor. Thematic analysis, coding, and categorization were employed to examine the information gathered during the interviews. The overall findings of the study indicate that female drug couriers in Malaysia often engage in this activity out of a strong desire to support their families. Additionally, this study has revealed that the precarious financial situations of women make them particularly vulnerable to recruitment as drug mules. The study delves into the historical and current circumstances of female drug couriers. By doing so, society can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that increase the risk of individuals becoming drug mules or motivate them to participate in drug smuggling. Consequently, this study has the potential to contribute to the development of early detection, education, and awareness campaigns focused on the dangers of drug smuggling via the drug mule method.

In Kwara State, Nigeria, women's empowerment in the face of farmer-herder conflicts and socioeconomic challenges is a pressing issue. This study delves into the resilience strategies adopted by women in conflict-affected areas, examining the effectiveness of existing empowerment programs. Employing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were gathered through survey questionnaires and secondary data analysis, while qualitative insights were derived from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The findings illuminate the diverse coping mechanisms employed by women, encompassing income diversification and the reliance on social support networks. However, persistent challenges hinder their empowerment, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. Existing policies and programs exhibit both strengths and weaknesses in addressing women's needs within this context. To effectively empower women in Kwara State, a comprehensive approach is required. This approach should acknowledge the variety of resilience strategies women employ, bolster economic opportunities, and tackle the root causes of conflicts. Tailored interventions that consider the unique challenges of conflict-affected regions will be instrumental in fostering sustainable development and advancing gender equality.

Islam is founded on two fundamental pillars: the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Despite the rapid advancements in civilization and global scientific progress, superstitions persist across successive generations. This article aims to analyze Hamka's perspective on khurafat (superstition) related to the history of the Malay world as presented in the book "Perbendaharaan Lama" (The Old Treasury). This book is a valuable primary reference as it investigates specific Malay histories. History distortions can potentially disseminate inaccurate information and even distort facts into myths. A qualitative research approach was employed to conduct this analysis, utilizing content analysis. This study has provided evidence supporting the assertion that Hamka is a scholarly individual with a particular inclination for the field of History, with a specific focus on the Malay world. Nevertheless, many aspects of Malay history have been classified as myths, which may negatively affect religious belief.

Tinjauan Kebangsaan Kesihatan dan Morbiditi (NHMS) 2019 mendedahkan kelaziman perokok semasa adalah 21.3% di mana dianggarkan 4.8 juta rakyat Malaysia berumur 15 tahun dan ke atas sedang merokok. Tambah membimbangkan apabila jumlah penagihan dadah juga menunjukkan trend yang semakin meningkat. Justeru, kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji faktor kepada seseorang perokok terlibat dengan penyalahgunaan dadah. Ini adalah penyelidikan kuantitatif menggunakan reka bentuk kajian tinjauan. Ia melibatkan 90 responden yang terdiri daripada 60 pelajar sekolah dan 30 pelajar institut komuniti tempatan di Kedah. Soalan tinjauan yang digunakan oleh Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK) dalam melaksanakan program Pendidikan Pencegahan Dadah (PPDa) telah diterapkan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 26 yang melibatkan analisis data deskriptif. Dapatan kajian mendapati 47.8% (43) daripada responden bersetuju bahawa pengaruh rakan sebaya menjadi penyebab utama kepada penyalahgunaan dadah. Sementara itu, keputusan kajian ini turut menyenaraikan beberapa faktor lain seseorang perokok itu menyalahgunakan dadah. Ini penting bagi mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang dapat menghumban seseorang ke dalam kancah penyalahgunaan dadah. Dapatan daripada kajian tersebut boleh menjadi parameter dalam membantu badan-badan yang bertanggungjawab terhadap ketagihan belia dalam membentuk aktiviti bagi mengurangkan jumlah penagihan dadah dan rokok dalam kalangan remaja di Malaysia demi mencapai matlamat negara bebas dadah.

The paper proposes The Technology-Organization-Environment (T-O-E) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to provide insight an integrated-based framework that can identify the key factors that influence the adoption of (E-HRM) Electronic Human Resource Management. The paper contributes to the growing research by using the T-O-E and UTAUT theories to come up with one comprehensive E-HRM Adoption Model. moreover, provides new insights on E-HRM adoption and will help both decision-makers and practitioners increase understanding for future research, implementation, and development. The review approach conducts an analysis of the literature used as the main instrument to engage the current study. This study provided a review of the factors of E-HRM Adoption in the diversity aspect and an overview of e-HRM Adoption. The results show a few studies summarized the combination between UTAUT and TOE In order to come up with one comprehensive E-HRM Adoption by presenting the results of a systematic and comprehensive review of articles. The proposed E-HRM model postulates that technological factors; Relative Advantage perceived compatibility, organizational factors; Top Management Support, Size, environmental factors; Competitive pressure, individual factors; Performance Expectancy, Effort expectancy, and social influence are the factors that influence the intention to use E-HRM adoption. Thus, this study will consider the integrated TOE and UTAUT adoption to delineate the individual and organization level adoption and evaluate the critical success adoption of E-HRM.

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan hubungan antara dimensi Pengurusan Kualiti dengan Prestasi Organisasi dalam organisasi tentera. Melalui kajian literatur yang komprehensif mengenai Pengurusan Kualiti (QM), kajian ini mengenal pasti empat dimensi QM iaitu sokongan pengurusan atasan, penglibatan pekerja, penambahbaikan berterusan dan tumpuan pelanggan yang membawa kepada prestasi berkesan dalam sesebuah organisasi. Item soal selidik telah dibangunkan untuk penyelidikan kuantitatif ini untuk menentukan hubungan antara dimensi QM dengan Prestasi Organisasi dalam organisasi tentera. Sebanyak 250 borang soal selidik telah diedarkan kepada responden dari pusat latihan tentera yang melaksanakan pengurusan kualiti dalam rutin harian mereka. Kesemua data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 23 dan analisis regresi berganda digunakan untuk menguji hubungan antara dimensi QM dengan Prestasi Organisasi. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa sokongan pengurusan atasan, penglibatan pekerja, penambahbaikan berterusan dan tumpuan pelanggan adalah berkaitan dengan Prestasi Organisasi dalam penubuhan latihan ketenteraan. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu organisasi ketenteraan di Malaysia untuk meningkatkan Prestasi Organisasi bagi mencapai misinya. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang dimensi QM untuk penambahbaikan organisasi dalam konteks ketenteraan. Ini juga berguna kerana ia menawarkan pilihan kepada organisasi tentera lain untuk menambah baik dan mengekalkan Prestasi Organisasi mereka.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of human resources management practices on organizational learning in Jordanian commercial banks. It relied on the descriptive analytical approach with a study population consisting of (13) Jordanian commercial banks. The questionnaire was distributed to (403) individuals, as a convenient sample where (397) questionnaires were retrieved, and after examination, it was found that (13) questionnaires were not valid for statistical analysis, and (386) questionnaires were analysed at a rate of (95.8%). Also, the results that the study suggested, are the presence of a statistically significant effect at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) of human resource management practices in their dimensions (employment, training, motivation, performance evaluation) on organizational learning. The study recommended paying more attention to the employment process and providing developing training to fresh and senior employees as its plans should be developed taking into account cross-organizational skills. And to pay special attention to the performance evaluation perspective of improving the quality of work.

This study examined the relationship between the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) implementation Integrated Qalb Al-Ghazali on Job Satisfaction among staff at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). For some time now, job satisfaction has been a hot topic. The need of ensuring employee job satisfaction has gotten considerable attention from a variety of sources. Therefore, the implementation of Employee Assistance Program (EAP) is one of the methods taken by the organizations. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) are also not spared in their efforts to achieve these objectives. In addition, the Four Cardinal Virtue values through Qalb Al-Ghazali are seen to be applied in the implementation. This research is a Quantitative method study through questionnaires that are distributed virtually in both institutions. The population and sample for this study is based on Krejchie and Morgan’s sample size formula. The population for the institutions is 1600, making the sample for this study 186. EAP implementation is measured through EAP Book of Standards by Stockert (2004). Job satisfaction is measured based on the Overall Job Satisfaction instrument by Khairunneezam (2013) while for the application of Qalb Al-Ghazali in EAP it is built through a literacy study on the work of Iḥyā' ʿUlūm al-Dīn (1982) by Al-Ghazali. The study found that the implementation of Employee assistance Program with the integration of the Qalb Al-Ghazali can help employees to solve their problems at work as well as help with their job satisfaction. When facing problems at work, the staff look for solutions to solve their problems and indirectly the implementation of this EAP can help them. Therefore, the application of Employee Assistance Program (EAP) in the organization is a good step to help the level of job satisfaction among staff.

Attitude and motivation are two abstract concepts of the human mind. These two aspects primarily play a significant role in determining students’ learning success. The current study is qualitative in nature and aims to explore the influence of secondary level Bangladeshi students’ socio-economic conditions in shaping their attitude and motivation towards English language learning. Data was collected from 15 secondary school students. The interview questions inquire of their family background, parental occupation, family income, their attitudes towards the English language and culture, and their motivation for learning the language. The findings denote that learners have a positive attitude towards the target language, and they are both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to learn it. The implication of the study is that the findings may provide a remarkable insight into students' language learning issues, which may be useful for secondary level teachers and policymakers in designing a curriculum, lesson plan, and teaching pedagogy to divert students' psychology towards positive motivation and attitude towards the target language.

Hybrid work arrangements have gained significant popularity in recent years, enabling employees to work in a flexible manner by alternating between remote and on-site work. The adoption of hybrid work is essential owing to its ability to ensure the uninterrupted operation of businesses and showcase flexibility in response to evolving work patterns. The adoption of hybrid work arrangements can provide organizations with a competitive edge in the contemporary workforce. Nonetheless, previous research emphasizes shortcomings in the execution phase of hybrid work which causes digital exhaustion, disinterest, and inconsistent performance by the workforce. Hence, the objective of this paper is to explore the conceptual way in implementing hybrid work, to analyze the impact of hybrid work on employee performance and to explore organizational culture as the moderating variable.